CN111758519A - Cultivation method for improving disease resistance of tobacco - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving disease resistance of tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758519A CN111758519A CN202010598442.6A CN202010598442A CN111758519A CN 111758519 A CN111758519 A CN 111758519A CN 202010598442 A CN202010598442 A CN 202010598442A CN 111758519 A CN111758519 A CN 111758519A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco, 50-150 kg of soil improvement particles are applied per mu, when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, prepared liquid medicine is adopted to irrigate roots of the tobacco seedlings, 35ml of immediately withered liquid medicine is irrigated to the roots of each tobacco seedling, and the roots of the tobacco seedlings are irrigated thoroughly by water after transplanting; and spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaves 1 to 5 days after the tobacco is transplanted. According to the invention, soil improvement particles are scattered to the soil during soil preparation, so that the tobacco surface can be prevented from being infected by germs caused by contaminated soil or humus, the root system of the tobacco seedling is irrigated by liquid medicine before the tobacco surface is transplanted, the growth and metabolism process of the leaf can be promoted by the leaf fertilizer, the vigorous growth of the leaf can be promoted, beneficial bacteria can be supplemented in time, the breeding of harmful germs is avoided, the prevention and control effect is ensured, the disease resistance of the tobacco can be effectively improved, the occurrence probability of tobacco bacterial wilt is obviously reduced, the tobacco quality can be improved, and the tobacco yield is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco.
Background
Tobacco bacterial wilt is a common disease which harms tobacco, and typical symptoms of the tobacco bacterial wilt are withering of tobacco leaves, blackening and rotting of roots and the like, the tobacco bacterial wilt is caused by bacterial infection, pathogenic bacteria mainly exist in soil and are left on disease residues in the soil, and main factors of occurrence of the tobacco bacterial wilt comprise soil, climate, fertilizer and fertilization measures, water conservancy conditions, drought resisting and waterlogging resisting measures and the like.
The tobacco bacterial wilt has great influence on the tobacco yield, an effective prevention method does not exist at present, the method for preventing and controlling the tobacco bacterial wilt by only adopting chemical drugs has short effective period, poor stability and serious pollution, and generally needs to be prevented from the aspects of soil improvement, water and fertilizer control and the like, the occurrence of tobacco withered leaves is reduced, the influence on the tobacco withered leaves and on the tobacco planting is reduced, and therefore a cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of the tobacco is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco.
According to the purpose of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco comprises the following steps:
step 1: soil improvement
Selecting a proper land for soil preparation in the spring beginning of the next year, applying 50-150 kg of soil improvement particles per mu, deeply turning, preparing the land, ridging and digging a drainage ditch;
the soil improvement particles comprise quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles, wherein the quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1;
step 2: preparation of medicinal liquid
Preparing a tolclozin liquid medicine from tolclozin and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 1500;
and step 3: tobacco transplantation
When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the prepared liquid medicine is adopted to irrigate the roots of the tobacco seedlings, 35ml of immediately withered liquid medicine is irrigated to the roots of each tobacco seedling, and water is used for irrigating the roots of the tobacco seedlings after transplanting;
and 4, step 4: post-transplant management
Spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaves every day 1-5 days after the tobacco is transplanted;
irrigating roots of the tobacco 15 days and 30 days after transplanting by using Bordeaux mixture once respectively, and irrigating the roots according to the application amount of 35ml per plant each time;
after 30 days of transplantation, 5.0-8 hundred million/ml of bacillus polymyxa is irrigated at the root, diluted by 500 times, and 100 g is irrigated for each plant;
and 5: management of field
The tobacco seedlings are subjected to field weeding and top dressing regularly, so that no weeds, no accumulated water and no hardening are generated;
step 6: tobacco leaf harvesting
And (4) after the tobacco leaves are mature, manually harvesting according to the standard in time.
Further, in the step 1, when land preparation and ridge forming are carried out, the ridge distance is 100-130cm, and the ridge height is 35-30 cm.
Further, the quicklime, the biochar and the wheat straw particles are dried for 6 hours at 120 ℃, and crushed and screened by a 60-mesh screen to obtain fine powder.
Furthermore, the raw materials and the contents of the foliar fertilizer are 0.5 g/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.0005 g/L of boric acid, 0.6 g/L of calcium superphosphate and 0.09 g/L of ferric sulfate.
Further, preventing the occurrence of root rot and insect pests during tobacco growth:
prevention of root rot: drainage in rainy season and mechanical damage prevention during field operation are mainly well done;
and (3) pest control: spraying agents such as 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 8000-10000 times liquid, 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 8000-10000 times liquid, imidacloprid and the like for preventing and treating, wherein the agents are applied for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days for 1 time, and are forbidden to be used 20 days before capping.
Further, the boldo solution is prepared from copper sulfate: quick lime: water 1: 2: 300 according to the proportion.
Further, before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, applying base fertilizer in the transplanting holes, wherein the base fertilizer is mixed fertilizer of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.
Further, when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the plant spacing is 50cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of the tobacco has the characteristics of being scientific and practical and being simple and convenient to operate, soil improvement particles are scattered to the soil during soil preparation, so that the tobacco surface can be prevented from being infected by germs caused by polluted soil or humus, roots of tobacco seedling roots are irrigated through liquid medicine before the tobacco surface is transplanted, the growth and metabolism process of leaves can be promoted through leaf fertilizer, the vigorous growth of the leaves is promoted, beneficial bacteria are supplemented in time, harmful germs are prevented from being bred, the prevention and control effect is guaranteed, the disease resistance of the tobacco can be effectively improved, the occurrence probability of tobacco bacterial wilt is obviously reduced, and the quality of the tobacco can be improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco comprises the following steps:
step 1: soil improvement
Selecting a proper land for soil preparation in the spring beginning of the next year, applying 50-150 kg of soil improvement particles per mu, deeply turning, preparing the land, ridging and digging a drainage ditch; when the land is prepared and the ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 100-130cm, and the ridge height is 35-30 cm.
The soil improvement particles comprise quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles, wherein the quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1; drying quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles at 120 ℃ for 6 hours, crushing and screening by a 60-mesh screen to obtain fine powder.
Step 2: preparation of medicinal liquid
Preparing a tolclozin liquid medicine from tolclozin and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 1500;
and step 3: tobacco transplantation
Before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, base fertilizer is applied to the transplanting holes, and the base fertilizer is mixed fertilizer of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the prepared liquid medicine is adopted to irrigate the roots of the tobacco seedlings, 35ml of immediately withered liquid medicine is irrigated to the roots of each tobacco seedling, and water is used for irrigating the roots of the tobacco seedlings after transplanting; when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the plant spacing is 50cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm.
And 4, step 4: post-transplant management
Spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaves every day 1-5 days after the tobacco is transplanted; the raw materials and contents of the foliar fertilizer are 0.5 g/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.0005 g/L of boric acid, 0.6 g/L of calcium superphosphate and 0.09 g/L of ferric sulfate.
Irrigating roots of the tobacco 15 days and 30 days after transplanting by using Bordeaux mixture once respectively, and irrigating the roots according to the application amount of 35ml per plant each time; boldo solution was prepared as copper sulfate: quick lime: water 1: 2: 300 according to the proportion.
After 30 days of transplantation, 5.0-8 hundred million/ml of bacillus polymyxa is irrigated at the root, diluted by 500 times, and 100 g is irrigated for each plant;
and 5: management of field
Preventing root rot and insect pest during tobacco growth:
prevention of root rot: drainage in rainy season and mechanical damage prevention during field operation are mainly well done;
and (3) pest control: spraying agents such as 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 8000-10000 times liquid, 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 8000-10000 times liquid, imidacloprid and the like for preventing and treating, wherein the agents are applied for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days for 1 time, and are forbidden to be used 20 days before capping.
The tobacco seedlings are subjected to field weeding and top dressing regularly, so that no weeds, no accumulated water and no hardening are generated;
step 6: tobacco leaf harvesting
And (4) after the tobacco leaves are mature, manually harvesting according to the standard in time.
Example 2
Comparative test
In the land with flat rotary terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and moderate fertility, 200 tobacco seedlings are respectively treated by the method and marked as A group, and 200 same tobacco seedlings are selected from the same land as a control group and marked as B group for comparison test. The distance between the plots of the group A and the group B is not less than 5 kilometers, and no tobacco is planted between the group A and the group B.
The sample method is as follows:
group A, the following steps are adopted:
step 1: soil improvement
Applying 50-150 kg of soil improvement particles per mu, then deeply turning, preparing land, ridging and digging drainage ditches; when the land is prepared and the ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 100-130cm, and the ridge height is 35-30 cm.
The soil improvement particles comprise quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles, wherein the quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1; drying quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles at 120 ℃ for 6 hours, crushing and screening by a 60-mesh screen to obtain fine powder.
Step 2: preparation of medicinal liquid
Preparing a tolclozin liquid medicine from tolclozin and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 1500;
and step 3: tobacco transplantation
Before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, base fertilizer is applied to the transplanting holes, and the base fertilizer is mixed fertilizer of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the selected 200 tobacco seedlings are subjected to root irrigation by adopting prepared liquid medicine, 35ml of immediately withering liquid medicine is irrigated to the roots of the tobacco seedlings, and the roots of the tobacco seedlings are irrigated with water after transplantation; when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the plant spacing is 50cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm.
And 4, step 4: post-transplant management
Spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaves every day 1-5 days after the tobacco is transplanted; the raw materials and contents of the foliar fertilizer are 0.5 g/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.0005 g/L of boric acid, 0.6 g/L of calcium superphosphate and 0.09 g/L of ferric sulfate.
Irrigating roots of the tobacco 15 days and 30 days after transplanting by using Bordeaux mixture once respectively, and irrigating the roots according to the application amount of 35ml per plant each time; boldo solution was prepared as copper sulfate: quick lime: water 1: 2: 300 according to the proportion.
After 30 days of transplantation, 5.0-8 hundred million/ml of bacillus polymyxa is irrigated at the root, diluted by 500 times, and 100 g is irrigated for each plant;
and 5: management of field
Preventing root rot and insect pest during tobacco growth:
prevention of root rot: drainage in rainy season and mechanical damage prevention during field operation are mainly well done;
and (3) pest control: spraying agents such as 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 8000-10000 times liquid, 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 8000-10000 times liquid, imidacloprid and the like for preventing and treating, wherein the agents are applied for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days for 1 time, and are forbidden to be used 20 days before capping.
The tobacco seedlings are subjected to field weeding and top dressing regularly, so that no weeds, no accumulated water and no hardening are generated;
step 6: tobacco leaf harvesting
And (4) after the tobacco leaves are mature, manually harvesting according to the standard in time.
Group B: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: soil improvement
Deeply turning, preparing soil, ridging and digging a drainage ditch; when the land is prepared and the ridges are formed, the ridge distance is 100-130cm, and the ridge height is 35-30 cm.
Step 2: tobacco transplantation
Transplanting 200 selected tobacco seedlings into a transplanting hole, and watering the roots of the tobacco seedlings thoroughly after transplanting; when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the plant spacing is 50cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm.
And step 3: post-transplant management
Spraying clear water on leaves every day 1-5 days after the tobacco is transplanted;
irrigating roots with clear water for 15 days and 30 days after the tobacco is transplanted respectively;
and 4, step 4: management of field
Preventing root rot and insect pest during tobacco growth:
prevention of root rot: drainage in rainy season and mechanical damage prevention during field operation are mainly well done;
and (3) pest control: spraying agents such as 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 8000-10000 times liquid, 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 8000-10000 times liquid, imidacloprid and the like for preventing and treating, wherein the agents are applied for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days for 1 time, and are forbidden to be used 20 days before capping.
The tobacco seedlings are subjected to field weeding and top dressing regularly, so that no weeds, no accumulated water and no hardening are generated;
and 5: tobacco leaf harvesting
And (4) after the tobacco leaves are mature, manually harvesting according to the standard in time.
And (4) analyzing results: through the comparative tests, the incidence of the tobacco seedling bacterial wilt disease of the group A treated by the method is lower than 6 percent, while the incidence of the group B not treated by the method is higher than 26 percent and is obviously higher than that of the group A. The method can obviously improve the bacterial wilt resistance of tobacco seedlings, obviously reduce the occurrence probability of tobacco bacterial wilt and improve the tobacco quality.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: soil improvement
Selecting a proper land for soil preparation in the spring beginning of the next year, applying 50-150 kg of soil improvement particles per mu, deeply turning, preparing the land, ridging and digging a drainage ditch;
the soil improvement particles comprise quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles, wherein the quicklime, biochar and wheat straw particles are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1;
step 2: preparation of medicinal liquid
Preparing a tolclozin liquid medicine from tolclozin and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 1500;
and step 3: tobacco transplantation
When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the prepared liquid medicine is adopted to irrigate the roots of the tobacco seedlings, 35ml of immediately withered liquid medicine is irrigated to the roots of each tobacco seedling, and water is used for irrigating the roots of the tobacco seedlings after transplanting;
and 4, step 4: post-transplant management
Spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaves every day 1-5 days after the tobacco is transplanted;
irrigating roots of the tobacco 15 days and 30 days after transplanting by using Bordeaux mixture once respectively, and irrigating the roots according to the application amount of 35ml per plant each time;
after 30 days of transplantation, 5.0-8 hundred million/ml of bacillus polymyxa is irrigated at the root, diluted by 500 times, and 100 g is irrigated for each plant;
and 5: management of field
The tobacco seedlings are subjected to field weeding and top dressing regularly, so that no weeds, no accumulated water and no hardening are generated;
step 6: tobacco leaf harvesting
And (4) after the tobacco leaves are mature, manually harvesting according to the standard in time.
2. The cultivation method for improving disease resistance of tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, when ridging is performed, ridge distance is 100-130cm, and ridge height is 35-30 cm.
3. The cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the quicklime, the biochar and the wheat straw particles are dried for 6 hours at 120 ℃, crushed and screened by a 60-mesh screen to obtain fine powder.
4. The cultivation method for improving disease resistance of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer raw material and content are 0.5 g/l of naphthylacetic acid, 0.0005 g/l of boric acid, 0.6 g/l of calcium superphosphate and 0.09 g/l of ferric sulfate.
5. The cultivation method for improving disease resistance of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein root rot and insect pests are prevented during growth of tobacco:
prevention of root rot: drainage in rainy season and mechanical damage prevention during field operation are mainly well done;
and (3) pest control: spraying agents such as 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 8000-10000 times liquid, 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 8000-10000 times liquid, imidacloprid and the like for preventing and treating, wherein the agents are applied for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days for 1 time, and are forbidden to be used 20 days before capping.
6. The cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the boldo solution is prepared from copper sulfate: quick lime: water 1: 2: 300 according to the proportion.
7. The cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein a base fertilizer is applied in the transplanting hole before the tobacco seedling is transplanted, and the base fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer of an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer.
8. The cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the plant spacing is 50cm and the row spacing is 120cm when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted.
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| CN114503892A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-17 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | Planting method capable of promoting root development of tobacco plants |
| CN115191309A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-18 | 四川南岳农业科技有限公司 | Disease and pest resistant tobacco cultivation method |
| CN117859593A (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-04-12 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Planting method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of continuous cropping tomatoes by using carbon-based biofertilizer |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN114503892A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-17 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | Planting method capable of promoting root development of tobacco plants |
| CN115191309A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-18 | 四川南岳农业科技有限公司 | Disease and pest resistant tobacco cultivation method |
| CN117859593A (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-04-12 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Planting method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of continuous cropping tomatoes by using carbon-based biofertilizer |
| CN117859593B (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-05-03 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Planting method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of continuous cropping tomatoes by using carbon-based biofertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20201013 |