CN110252803B - Cadmium-contaminated soil composite passivator and application thereof - Google Patents
Cadmium-contaminated soil composite passivator and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a cadmium-polluted soil composite passivator and application thereof. The soil passivator comprises a soil passivator with pseudomonas as a main active ingredient, and the required soil composite passivator can be prepared by using the soil passivator and a carrier passivation material. The soil passivator and the soil composite passivator provided by the invention can passivate heavy metals in soil and promote the growth of plants; meanwhile, heavy metals can be blocked, and the absorption of plants to metal Cd can be effectively prevented, so that the residue of heavy metals in crops can be reduced. Has huge practical application value and popularization potential.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a cadmium-polluted soil composite passivator and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of industry, the problem of heavy metal pollution, especially cadmium pollution, in soil has become a hot spot of social attention. According to statistics, the cadmium pollution farmland in China currently exceeds 20 million hectares, and relates to 25 areas in 11 provinces and cities, the cadmium content exceeds the standard and the agricultural products reach 146 million tons every year, and the physical health of people is seriously harmed. Aiming at the problem of cadmium pollution of large-area farmland in China, a technical method which can be popularized in a large area, is low in cost and does not miss farming season needs to be developed urgently to reduce the bioavailability of cadmium in soil so as to reduce the content of cadmium in crops; meanwhile, the environment of soil is improved, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved.
The remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil is mainly divided into in-situ remediation and ex-situ remediation, wherein the in-situ remediation is implemented by adding a physicochemical material or a biological agent, adjusting the physicochemical properties (such as pH, water content, cation exchange capacity and the like) of the soil, changing the occurrence form of heavy metals in the soil environment, inhibiting the bioactivity of the heavy metals, and achieving simple, rapid and effective in-situ remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil. In-situ remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil includes heavy metal passivation and removal. The in-situ passivation restoration technology has the advantages of short treatment time, economy, low price, wide application range and the like, and is considered to be one of the most effective methods for restoring the farmland soil polluted by the medium-low concentration heavy metal. In recent years, research on the passivation repair technology of cadmium-contaminated soil has made a series of important progresses. The passivation method comprises (1) adding inorganic passivator (adding lime, iron powder, clay, etc.) to adjust pH and physical and chemical properties of soil; (2) adding organic passivator (such as biochar, modified organic materials and the like); (3) biological inactivation (microorganisms), and the like. Among them, the use of basic materials has been reported more. However, due to the complexity of the soil structure, a single passivator (such as an inorganic passivator, an organic passivator or a biological passivator) cannot achieve the ideal soil remediation effect. Therefore, the soil heavy metal composite passivator is expected to completely solve the problem of soil heavy metal remediation by comprehensively treating soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite passivator for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and promoting the growth of crops and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the soil passivator is a microbial agent, and the viable count of the pseudomonas in the soil passivator is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 109cfu/ml or more than or equal to 1.0X 109cfu/g；
The Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas alcaliphila sp) is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 1 month and 2 days 2008, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 2318.
Correspondingly, the preparation method of the soil passivator comprises the following steps:
(1) recovery and activation of strains: inoculating the pseudomonas into a culture medium, culturing for 16-24 hours at 25-30 ℃ to activate strains, then transferring the strains into a new culture medium according to 1-5% of inoculum size, and culturing for 16-24 hours at 25-30 ℃ to obtain a seed solution. (ii) a
Wherein the formula of the culture medium is as follows: KNO3 1.0g，KH2PO4 1.0g，MgSO4·7H2O 1.0g，FeCl3·6H2O 0.05g，CaCl2·2H20.2g of O, 5.13g of trisodium citrate and 1000ml of distilled water;
(2) and inoculating the seed solution into a new culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1-5% for amplification culture to obtain a bacterial suspension, namely the required soil passivator.
The bacterial suspension can be further processed into freeze-dried bacterial powder and the like according to requirements, and the freeze-dried bacterial powder is also a required soil passivator.
Correspondingly, the application method of the soil passivator comprises the steps of diluting the soil passivator by 2-50 times before planting to soak seeds or soak roots of seedlings;
and after planting, spraying the soil passivator on the periphery of the plant rhizosphere or the periphery of the planted seeds by diluting the soil passivator by 2-50 times.
Correspondingly, the soil composite passivator prepared by the soil passivator comprises the following components: soil passivator, carrier passivation material;
the carrier passivation material at least comprises a calcium citrate iron-based material and a mercapto bentonite material; the calcium citrate ferrous material at least comprises calcium citrate and an iron-containing compound.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing the calcium citrate iron-based material and the mercapto bentonite material according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-3 to obtain the carrier passivation material;
(2) and (3) uniformly mixing the soil passivator and the carrier passivation material according to the mass ratio of 1: 10-50, and naturally air-drying to obtain the soil composite passivator.
Preferably, the preparation method of the calcium citrate iron-based material comprises the following steps:
(1) ferrous sulfate heptahydrate: anhydrous sodium carbonate: citric acid is added according to a molar ratio of 1: 1:1, mixing, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0-8.0 to obtain a substance A;
(2) mixing citric acid and calcium oxide according to a molar ratio of 2: 3, mixing, adjusting the pH to 7.0-8.0, washing with water, and filtering to obtain a precipitate B;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the substance A in the step (1) and the precipitate B in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-4, and naturally drying to obtain the compound.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mercapto bentonite material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing cysteine hydrochloride and bentonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 20-50, adding a proper amount of water to prepare a suspension, and adjusting the pH to 8.0-8.5;
(2) and filtering the reacted material, drying a filter cake at 60 ℃, and grinding to obtain the mercapto bentonite material.
Correspondingly, the method for improving the soil by using the soil composite passivator comprises the steps of applying the soil composite passivator to a soil shallow layer according to 200-500 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the soil shallow layer with soil, and spraying water to enable the water content of the soil to reach 60-70% of the saturated water holding capacity; keeping for 7-15 days, and then sowing or transplanting seedlings.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a soil passivator, the core component of the passivator is specific pseudomonas and culture thereof; and also provides a using method of the soil passivating agent. The soil passivator can effectively promote the growth of plants.
2. Meanwhile, the applicant further provides a soil composite passivator based on the soil passivator, and the soil composite passivator can passivate heavy metals, so that the bioavailability of the heavy metals is reduced, the absorption of crops on the heavy metals is reduced, and the growth of plants is promoted; besides the function of passivating heavy metals in soil, the soil composite passivator also has a barrier effect on the heavy metals, and can effectively prevent plants from absorbing Cd, so that the heavy metal residue in crops is reduced.
3. The invention is based on a soil composite passivator and also provides a method for promoting crop growth and improving soil quality. The conditions such as hardening caused by excessive soil fertilization can be effectively improved, the crops grow well and are not easy to get ill and insect pests, and the crops with the heavy metal residues reaching the standard can be planted in the heavy metal polluted soil.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a soil passivator and a preparation method thereof.
The soil passivator is a microbial agent, wherein the main active ingredient of the soil passivator is Pseudomonas alcaliphila sp (MBR), and the soil passivator is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC for short) in 2008 and 1 and 2 months; the preservation number is CGMCC No. 2318. This bacterium has been disclosed in a prior application by the applicant for a strain of Pseudomonas and its use in bioreduction and bioadsorption (grant publication No.: CN 101531970B).
The soil passivator is mainly a mixture of thalli obtained after the pseudomonas is subjected to amplification culture and a culture medium; the number of viable bacteria in the soil passivator is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 109cfu/ml. It should be understood that after the mixture of the thallus and the culture medium is obtained, the mixture can be further processed into freeze-dried powder, and the freeze-dried powder can also be directly used as a soil passivator.
One of the methods for obtaining a soil passivating agent is described below.
1. Recovery and activation of strains: inoculating the pseudomonas into a culture medium, culturing for 16-24 hours at 25-30 ℃ to activate strains, then transferring the strains into a new culture medium according to 1-5% of inoculum size, and culturing for 16-24 hours at 25-30 ℃ to obtain a seed solution.
Wherein the formula of the culture medium is as follows: KNO3 1.0g，KH2PO41.0g，MgSO4·7H2O 1.0g，FeCl3·6H2O 0.05g，CaCl2·2H20.2g of O, 5.13g of trisodium citrate and 1000ml of distilled water.
2. Preparing a soil passivator: inoculating the seed solution into a fermentation tank (containing a culture medium) according to the inoculation amount of 1-5% for amplification culture, and culturing for 16-24 hours at 25-30 ℃ to obtain a bacterial suspension, wherein the bacterial suspension is the required soil passivator. In the soil passivator, the number of viable pseudomonas is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 109cfu/ml。
The bacterial suspension can be further prepared into freeze-dried bacterial powder according to requirements, and the bacterial powder can also be independently used as a soil passivator. The specific manufacturing method comprises the following steps: adding a protective agent with the mass of 2-5% of the total mass of the bacterial suspension into the bacterial suspension, uniformly mixing, and freeze-drying to obtain bacterial powder. Wherein the protective agent is any one or combination of several of skimmed milk powder, starch, glycerol, sucrose and sodium alginate.
The invention also provides an application method of the soil passivator.
If the soil passivator is bacterial suspension, diluting until the viable count is 1.0 multiplied by 109cfu/ml later for use; if the soil deactivator is lyophilized powder, dissolving the powder in water until viable count is 1.0 × 109cfu/ml for use.
And before seeding or transplanting seedlings, soaking seeds or seedlings by using the soil passivator. If the seeds are the seeds, the soil passivator needs to completely immerse the seeds for 10-60 min; and if the seedlings are the seedlings, the root systems of the seedlings are completely immersed by the soil passivator and soaked for 5-30 min. And after sowing or transplanting, supplementing water in time.
The more preferable scheme is as follows: after the plants are planted, the soil passivator is directly sprayed around the plant rhizosphere (150 liters/mu) again to ensure that pseudomonas is colonized on the plant rhizosphere and directly improve the disease prevention capability and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization capability of the plants.
The invention further provides a soil composite passivator prepared from the soil passivator and a carrier passivating material.
The soil passivator is compounded with a carrier passivating material (calcium citrate iron-based material and mercapto bentonite material) to prepare the soil composite passivator with a nutrition slow release effect. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of calcium citrate iron-based material
(1) Mixing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, anhydrous sodium carbonate and citric acid according to a molar ratio of 1: 1:1, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0-8.0 by using sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide to obtain a substance A.
(2) Mixing citric acid and calcium oxide according to a molar ratio of 2: 3, mixing, adjusting the pH value to 7.0-8.0 by using sodium hydroxide, washing with water, and filtering to obtain a white precipitate B.
(3) And (3) uniformly mixing the substance A in the step (1) and the precipitate B in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-4, and drying to obtain the calcium citrate iron-based material.
2. Preparation of mercapto bentonite material
(1) Mixing cysteine hydrochloride and bentonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 20-50, adding a proper amount of water to prepare a suspension, and stirring for 3-5 hours on a stirrer. It should be understood that the purpose of adding water here is only to facilitate mixing of the cysteine hydrochloride and the bentonite, and therefore the amount of water added is only sufficient to meet the mixing requirements.
(2) Then adjusting the pH value to 8.0-8.5 by using sodium hydroxide.
(3) And filtering the reacted material to obtain a filter cake, and drying and grinding the filter cake at 60 ℃ to obtain the powdery mercapto-bentonite material.
3. Preparation of carrier passivation material
And uniformly mixing the calcium citrate iron-based material and the mercapto-bentonite material in a mass ratio of 1: 1-3 to obtain the carrier passivation material.
4. Preparation of soil composite passivator
And uniformly mixing the soil passivator and the carrier material according to the mass ratio of 1: 10-50. And naturally drying to obtain the soil composite passivator. It should be understood that the soil-passivating agent herein, whether a suspension or a lyophilized powder, can be used by directly mixing with the carrier material in the above proportions.
The invention further provides a using method of the soil composite passivator.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) ditching or pit digging is carried out on a shallow layer of farmland soil, the soil composite passivator is applied into cadmium-polluted soil, the cadmium-polluted soil is uniformly mixed with the soil, and watering is carried out until the water capacity of the soil in the field is 60%. Keeping for 7-15 days, and then sowing or transplanting seedlings.
The preferable scheme is as follows: and if the farmland is a paddy field, directly and uniformly sprinkling the soil composite passivator in the paddy field, wherein the application amount is 200-500 kg/mu, the soil composite passivator is flooded by 1-3 cm, and the soil composite passivator is planted after being kept for 7-15 days. If the farmland is dry, applying the passivator in a spraying manner, and then ploughing and irrigating; and (4) when the water is irrigated, the soil reaches 60-70% of the field water capacity, and the planting is carried out after the soil is kept for 7-15 days.
It will be appreciated that the soil passivation agent and soil composite passivation agent described above may be used in combination. Namely, before planting, the seedlings or seeds are pretreated by using a soil passivator; treating the farmland by using a soil composite passivator and then planting; after planting, the plants are treated again with a soil passivating agent.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows: preparation of soil passivator
Inoculating the pseudomonas into a culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components: KNO3 1.0g，KH2PO4 1.0g，MgSO4·7H2O 1.0g，FeCl3·6H2O 0.05g，CaCl2·2H20.2g of O, 5.13g of trisodium citrate and 1000ml of distilled water.
The strain was activated by shaking culture at 30 ℃ and 150rpm for 24 hours. Then transferring the strain into a new culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1 percent, and culturing for 24 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain seed liquid.
Inoculating the seed solution into a fermentation tank (containing a new culture medium) according to the inoculation amount of 1% for amplification culture, culturing for 16 hours at the temperature of 28 ℃, and collecting the obtained bacterial suspension, namely the soil passivator.
Example two: application of soil passivator (effect display of cadmium pollution water quality water planting wheat improved by soil passivator)
A greenhouse water culture test was carried out using a culture solution containing heavy metal Cd (5mg/L) as a substrate. After wheat seeds germinate in clear water and are exposed to the white, seeds with normal germination and insignificant difference among groups are selected and placed in a germination basket with colonized cotton, then the colonized cotton is soaked in a culture solution containing heavy metal Cd, and 1% of the soil passivator prepared in the first embodiment is inoculated to serve as an experimental group; meanwhile, 4 replicates of each experimental group are set by taking a control group without adding a soil passivator; meanwhile, clear water containing 5mg/L of Cd is used as a blank group. The greenhouse culture conditions were 12 hours day, 12 hours night, and 80% relative humidity. After 30 days, wheat plants are collected for various index analysis. The specific treatment conditions and Cd content in the rhizome are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Each group of effect display table
After 10 days of culture, the wheat in the blank group is inhibited by cadmium and grows slowly, and even stops growing. The strain inoculated with the soil passivator has a developed root system and grows quickly, the content of Cd in the rootstocks is detected after 20 days, and the Cd in the rootstocks of an experimental group is reduced remarkably. The soil passivator has an excellent effect of preventing wheat from absorbing heavy metals in water culture.
Example three: preparation of soil composite passivator
1. And (3) preparing the calcium citrate iron-based material. Ferrous sulfate, anhydrous sodium carbonate and citric acid are mixed according to a molar ratio of 1: 1:1, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the pH value to 8.0 by using sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide to obtain a substance A; citric acid and calcium oxide are mixed according to a molar ratio of 2: 3, adjusting the pH value to 8.0 by using sodium hydroxide, washing by water, and filtering to obtain a white precipitate B. Mixing the B of the step 2 with the substance A of the step 1 according to a mass ratio of 2: 1, uniformly mixing and drying to obtain the calcium citrate iron-based material.
2. And (3) preparing a mercapto bentonite material. Mixing cysteine hydrochloride and bentonite according to a mass ratio of 1: 30, adding water to prepare a suspension, and stirring the suspension on a stirrer for 5 hours. After 5 hours of reaction, the pH was adjusted to 8.0 with sodium hydroxide. Filtering to obtain a filter cake, drying at 60 ℃, and grinding to obtain the powdery mercapto-bentonite material.
3. And (3) preparing a carrier passivation material. And uniformly mixing the calcium citrate iron-based material and the mercapto bentonite material according to the mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain the carrier passivation material.
4. And (3) preparing a composite passivator. Mixing the soil passivator prepared in the first embodiment and the carrier passivating material according to a mass ratio of 1: 35, mixing uniformly and naturally airing to obtain the soil composite passivator.
Example four: application of soil composite passivant (potted plant experiment aiming at rice)
The pot experiment of soil remediation is carried out by taking rice soil seriously polluted by cadmium in a certain area of Sichuan as a matrix. Collecting contaminated soil, naturally drying, crushing, removing stones, plant roots and the like, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, and subpackaging in 2L beakers, wherein each beaker is filled with 2kg of soil. The experiment set up 3 treatments, 3 replicates each. The soil composite passivator used the sample prepared in example three. The specific experimental setup was as follows: treatment 1: 4g/kg of soil composite passivator; and (3) treatment 2: 6g/kg of soil composite passivator; and (3) treatment: the soil composite passivator is 8g/kg, and the soil without any treatment is used as a blank control. An equal amount of N, P compound fertilizer (purchased from hongda gmbh, Sichuan) of the same variety was added for each treatment. And (3) applying a soil composite passivator to each treatment, then uniformly mixing, performing flooding, maintaining for 7d, taking a soil sample, and detecting the content of the effective Cd in the soil through natural drying, grinding, sieving and the like. Then planting rice seedlings and growing under natural conditions. And respectively measuring the cadmium content in the roots, stems and leaves and rice of each group of rice in a harvest period (after 127 d); each group was repeated three times and the average was taken. The results are shown in Table 2, where the units of each group are mg/kg.
Table 2 Each group of effect display table
As can be seen from the table above, compared with the blank control, the soil composite passivator has an obvious passivation effect on the available Cd in the soil. The passivation effect is more remarkable with the increase of the added amount, and when the added amount is 6g/kg, the difference is not remarkable compared with 8 g/kg. In conclusion, compared with a control group, the soil composite passivator provided by the invention can reduce the content of effective cadmium in soil by 54.25-63.68%; the lowest cadmium content in the rice is 0.64-0.78 mg/kg, and the Cd content of the rice is reduced by 78-82%.
Example five: application of soil composite passivant (aiming at wheat pot experiment)
The treatment before potting of the cadmium contaminated soil is the same as that of the fourth embodiment. And (3) putting the screened soil into a 2L beaker according to the volume of 1.5 kg/pot, and supplementing water to ensure that the water content in the beaker is 10-20%. Then adding soil composite passivators with different masses into each beaker; and (4) uniformly mixing. Wheat was again sown at 5 grains per beaker. The method comprises the following steps of (1) dividing treatment into 3 treatment steps: the treatment 1 is as follows: 4g/kg of soil composite passivator; the treatment 2 comprises the following steps: 6g/kg of soil composite passivator; and (3) treatment: the soil composite passivator is 8g/kg, and the soil without any treatment is used as a blank control. N, P compound fertilizer is added in each treatment; growing under natural conditions. Sowing from 2018.12 months to 2019.5 months, harvesting, growing for more than 5 months, and respectively measuring the cadmium content in the root, stem and leaf of each group of wheat and the wheat flour in the harvesting period; each group was repeated three times and the average was taken. And (3) taking a soil sample, and detecting the content of the available Cd in the soil through natural drying, grinding, sieving and the like. The results are shown in Table 3, where the units of each group are mg/kg.
Table 3 Each group of effect display table
As can be seen from Table 2, the passivation efficiency of the soil composite passivator on dry land soil is obviously reduced. The passivation rate is 20-32%. With the increase of the dosage, the passivation rate is slightly increased. Compared with a control group, the concentration of Cd in the wheat rhizome and wheat flour is obviously reduced, and the total Cd content in the root is reduced by 51-75%; the total Cd in the stems and leaves is reduced by 66 to 73 percent; the total Cd in the wheat flour is reduced by 59-69%. Although the soil composite passivator has a low passivation effect in soil, the soil composite passivator still has the effect of blocking heavy metal from being absorbed in wheat bodies.
Claims (5)
1. A soil composite passivator is characterized in that: the soil composite passivator comprises the following components: soil passivator, carrier passivation material;
the soil passivator is a microbial agent, and the viable count of pseudomonas in the soil passivator is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 109cfu/ml or more than or equal to 1.0X 109cfu/g；
The pseudomonas is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) at 1 month and 2 days in 2008, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 2318;
the carrier passivation material at least comprises a calcium citrate iron-based material and a mercapto bentonite material; the calcium citrate iron-based material at least comprises calcium citrate and an iron-containing compound, and the preparation method of the calcium citrate iron-based material comprises the following steps:
ferrous sulfate: anhydrous sodium carbonate: citric acid is added according to a molar ratio of 1: 1:1, mixing, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0-8.0 to obtain a substance A;
mixing citric acid and calcium oxide according to a molar ratio of 2: 3, mixing, adjusting the pH to 7.0-8.0, washing with water, and filtering to obtain a precipitate B;
uniformly mixing the substance A and the precipitate B according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-4, and drying to obtain the compound B;
the preparation method of the mercapto bentonite material comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing cysteine salt and bentonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 20-50, adding water to prepare a suspension, and adjusting the pH to 8.0-8.5;
and centrifuging the reacted material, removing supernatant, drying and grinding to obtain the mercapto bentonite material.
2. The method for preparing the soil composite passivator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the soil passivator comprises the following steps:
(1) recovery and activation of strains: inoculating the pseudomonas into a culture medium, culturing at 25-30 ℃ for 16-24 hours to activate strains, transferring the strains into a new culture medium according to 1-5% of inoculum size, and culturing at 25-30 ℃ for 16-24 hours to obtain a seed solution;
wherein the formula of the culture medium is as follows: KNO3 1.0g，KH2PO4 1.0g，MgSO4·7H2O 1.0g，FeCl3·6H2O 0.05g，CaCl2·2H20.2g of O, 5.13g of trisodium citrate and 1000ml of distilled water;
(2) and inoculating the seed solution into a new culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1-5% for amplification culture to obtain a bacterial suspension, namely the required soil passivator.
3. The preparation method of the soil composite passivator according to claim 2, characterized in that: and after the bacterial suspension is obtained, adding a protective agent with the mass of 2-5% of the total mass of the bacterial suspension into the bacterial suspension, uniformly mixing, and freeze-drying to obtain bacterial powder, wherein the bacterial powder is the required soil passivator.
4. The preparation method of the soil composite passivator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the preparation method of the soil composite passivator comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the calcium citrate iron-based material and the mercapto bentonite material according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-3 to obtain the carrier passivation material;
(2) uniformly mixing the soil passivator and the carrier passivating material according to a mass ratio of 1: 10-50; and then naturally drying to obtain the soil composite passivator.
5. A method of improving soil using the soil composite passivator of claim 1, wherein: applying the soil composite passivator into a soil shallow layer, uniformly mixing the soil shallow layer and the soil, and spraying water to enable the water content of the soil to reach 60% of the saturated water holding capacity; keeping for 7-15 days, and then sowing or transplanting seedlings.
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