CN109496816B - Seedling raising method for improving emergence rate of fructus aurantii - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for improving emergence rate of fructus aurantii Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496816B CN109496816B CN201910011407.7A CN201910011407A CN109496816B CN 109496816 B CN109496816 B CN 109496816B CN 201910011407 A CN201910011407 A CN 201910011407A CN 109496816 B CN109496816 B CN 109496816B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention provides a seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange, and relates to the technical field of rootstock seedling raising. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a moist surface in a nursery garden, and sequentially spreading fine sand, a coconut husk-peat mixture, bitter orange seeds and river sand on the moist surface; the thickness of the fine sand is 3-6 cm; the thickness of the coconut coir-turf mixture is 8-15 cm, and the thickness of the river sand is 2-5 cm. The method for raising seedlings can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds on a seedbed and reduce the weeding cost; meanwhile, the germination of the seeds of the bitter orange is facilitated, so that the germination rate of the seeds of the bitter orange and the growth potential of seedlings are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rootstock seedling culture, and particularly relates to a seedling culture method for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange.
Background
Important species of Citrus in Citrus of Rutaceae, such as the regions of southwest of China, southwest of Myanmar and eastern region of southern foot of Himalaya mountain, in the citrus planting industry of the world, the Citrus limon occupies the third place, and at present, 60 countries are planted in the world.
The high-quality lemon seedlings have important significance for the healthy development of the lemon industry, and the high-quality lemon seedlings are divided into an overground part (scions) and an underground part (rootstocks). The fructus aurantii is widely used as the rootstock of the fructus aurantii because the fructus aurantii has strong resistance and can promote the early bearing and high yield of the lemon. However, the seedling raising method has a great influence on the cultivation of the excellent bitter orange rootstocks, and the data statistics result for many years shows that: the difference of different seedling raising methods on the emergence rate and the cost of the bitter orange rootstocks is large, and the conventional cultivation of the bitter orange rootstocks needs a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources to carry out management on weeding and the like on seedbeds after sowing.
The matrix is used as a 'hotbed' for the germination and growth of the seeds of the bitter orange, and has important significance for improving the germination rate of the seeds and reducing the seedling cost. At present, substrates commonly used in production are mixed according to a certain formula proportion by virtue of sand, indigenous soil, organic matters and the like, but the problems of low germination rate of bitter orange seedlings, more seedbed weeds and the like caused by the traditional seedling culture method are solved, the emergence rate of bitter orange stocks is obviously reduced, the production cost is improved, the industrial production of high-quality bitter orange stocks is seriously influenced, and the enterprise burden is aggravated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of fructus aurantii, which can solve the problems of low germination rate and high cost in the production of fructus aurantii stocks, improve the production of high-quality fructus aurantii stocks and the production efficiency of good lemon seedlings, and also reduce the production cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange, which comprises the following steps: arranging a moist surface in a nursery garden, and sequentially spreading fine sand, a coconut husk-peat mixture, bitter orange seeds and river sand on the moist surface; the thickness of the fine sand is 3-6 cm; the thickness of the coconut coir-turf mixture is 8-15 cm, and the thickness of the river sand is 2-5 cm.
Preferably, the width of each furrow surface is 1.0-1.5 m, and the distance between every two adjacent furrow surfaces is 0.3-0.8 m.
Preferably, in the coconut coir-peat mixture, the coconut coir is saturated with water, and the weight ratio of the saturated coconut coir to the peat is (5-9): 3.
Preferably, the fructus aurantii seeds are subjected to pregermination treatment and disinfection treatment.
Preferably, the pregermination treatment comprises a first pregermination and a second pregermination, wherein the first pregermination is to soak the bitter orange seeds in water at 50 ℃ for 8-12 min; and the second germination accelerating step is to soak the seeds subjected to the first germination accelerating step in water at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 25-40 min.
Preferably, the disinfection is to soak the seeds of the bitter orange which are subjected to the pregermination treatment in a disinfectant; the disinfectant is a mixed aqueous solution of metalaxyl-hymexazol and carbendazim; the soaking time is 10-15 h.
Preferably, the seeding rate of the bitter orange seeds is 12000-13000 seeds/m2。
Preferably, the bitter orange seeds are watered once every 5-7 days after sowing.
Preferably, after the fructus aurantii seeds germinate, 600 times of hymexazol or 600 times of chlorothalonil liquid is sprayed once every 10 days.
The invention provides a seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange, which comprises the steps of arranging a moisture surface in a seedling raising garden, and sequentially spreading fine sand, a coconut husk-peat mixture, bitter orange seeds and river sand on the moisture surface; the thickness of the fine sand is 3-6 cm; the thickness of the coconut coir-turf mixture is 8-15 cm, and the thickness of the river sand is 2-5 cm. According to the seedling method, the 'sandwich' combination of clean river sand, coconut coir, turf and river sand with higher thickness is utilized, so that the growth of weeds on a seedbed is effectively inhibited, and the weeding cost is reduced; all in oneThe germination of the seeds of the bitter orange is facilitated, so that the germination rate of the seeds of the bitter orange and the growth potential of seedlings are obviously improved. In the present example, at 40 days after sowing, on average, 7992 seedlings/m emerged2The height of the plant is 1.6-4.3 cm, and no weed exists.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the emergence of the fruit of trifoliate orange in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the emergence of fructus Aurantii in the comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange, which comprises the following steps: arranging a moist surface in a nursery garden, and sequentially spreading fine sand, a coconut husk-peat mixture, bitter orange seeds and river sand on the moist surface; the thickness of the fine sand is 3-6 cm; the thickness of the coconut coir-turf mixture is 8-15 cm, and the thickness of the river sand is 2-5 cm.
According to the seedling raising method, the soil moisture surface is arranged in the seedling raising nursery, and the surface layer of the seedling raising nursery is soil. The width of the dead surface is preferably 1.0-1.5 m, more preferably 1.1-1.3 m, and most preferably 1.2 m. The distance between two adjacent dead surfaces is preferably 0.3-0.8 m, more preferably 0.4-0.6 m, and most preferably 0.5 m.
Firstly, spreading fine sand on the dead surface, wherein the thickness of the fine sand is preferably 4-5 cm. The source of the fine sand is not particularly limited in the present invention, and is preferably derived from fine river sand or river washing sand. The fine sand provided by the invention can keep moisture, ventilate and reduce weeds.
According to the invention, the fine sand is paved with the coconut coir-turf mixture, and the thickness of the coconut coir-turf mixture is preferably 9-13 cm, and more preferably 10-11 cm. In the coconut husk-peat mixture of the present invention, the coconut husk is preferably saturated with water. The method for the coconut husk to absorb water and saturate is not particularly limited, and the compressed coconut husk is preferably sprayed with clean water in a mass ratio of 6:1 so as to fully absorb water. The weight ratio of the coconut coir and the turf which are saturated after water absorption is preferably (5-9) to 3, more preferably (6-8): 3, most preferably 7: 3. The coconut husk and the turf which are saturated in water are uniformly mixed and then spread on the fine sand. The mixing method is not particularly limited in the present invention. The source of the coconut coir and the peat is not particularly limited, and the conventional materials in the field can be utilized. The coconut coir-turf mixture can increase the porosity of soil. According to the invention, after the coconut husk-turf mixture is paved, watering is preferably carried out once.
According to the method, the bitter orange seeds are sown in the coconut husk-turf mixture, and the sowing amount of the bitter orange seeds is preferably 12000-13000 granules/m2. Before sowing, the seeds of the bitter orange are preferably subjected to germination accelerating treatment and disinfection treatment, the germination accelerating treatment preferably comprises first germination accelerating and second germination accelerating, the first germination accelerating is preferably carried out by soaking the seeds of the bitter orange in water at 50 ℃ for 8-12 min, more preferably for 9-11 min, and most preferably for 10 min. In the second pregermination method, the seeds subjected to the first pregermination are preferably soaked in water at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 25-40 min, more preferably for 28-35 min, and most preferably for 30 min. In the invention, the germinated fructus aurantii seeds are preferably disinfected after being drained, and the disinfected seeds are preferably soaked in disinfectant. The disinfectant is preferably a mixed aqueous solution containing metalaxyl and carbendazim, and the concentration of the metalaxyl in the disinfectant is preferably 600 times of that in the disinfectant; the concentration of the carbendazim is preferably 600 times of the solution. The soaking time in the disinfection process is preferably 10-15 h, more preferably 11-13 h, and most preferably 12 h.
According to the method, river sand is paved on the bitter orange seeds, and the thickness of the river sand is preferably 3-4 cm. The source of the river sand is not particularly limited in the present invention. After the river sand is paved, a flat film and an arch film are preferably paved on the river sand.
After the seeds of the bitter orange are sowed, watering is preferably carried out once every 5 to 7 days, and the moisture of the soil moisture surface is kept to be about 87 percent. According to the invention, after sowing for one month, the seeds of the fructus aurantii begin to germinate, and the preferable spraying amount of the hymexazol or chlorothalonil is 8.1mL/m, wherein 600 times of the hymexazol or 600 times of the chlorothalonil is sprayed once every 10 days2Or 8.2g/m2。
The seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of fructus aurantii provided by the invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the method is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
And (3) coconut chaff peat treatment and uniform mixing: firstly, spraying clean water on compressed coconut coir according to the mass ratio of 6:1 to ensure that the coconut coir fully absorbs water; after the full water absorption is finished, adding the turf according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly stirring and storing for later use;
and (3) carrying out germination acceleration and disinfection treatment on the bitter orange seeds: 1) accelerating germination, namely adjusting the water temperature to 50 ℃, pouring the seeds of the fructus aurantii into the mixture, soaking the seeds for 10min, adjusting the water temperature to 55 ℃, soaking the seeds for 30min, fishing out the seeds and draining the seeds; 2) sterilizing, soaking the seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment in an aqueous solution of 600 times diluted hymexazol and carbendazim for 12 hours, taking out and draining water for sowing;
and (3) moisture surface finishing: the width of the furrow surface is 1.2m, and the distance between the furrow surfaces is 0.5 m;
preparing a seeding table: firstly, spreading fine sand 5cm above the moist soil surface, then spreading the processed coconut chaff peat substrate 10cm above the sand surface, and watering the table top after spreading;
sowing: the seeding density is about 12000-13000 grains/m2And after sowing, spreading fine sand 5cm, and covering with flat film and arched film.
After sowing, regularly checking the moisture of the moisture surface, and replenishing water once every 5-7 days; one month after sowing, the seeds of the bitter orange begin to germinate, and 600 times of hymexazol or 600 times of chlorothalonil liquid is sprayed once every 10 days; meanwhile, the number of the rootstock seedlings of the bitter orange in a unit area and the growth vigor of the total plant height are counted regularly, and the results are shown in figure 1 and table 1, so that the bitter orange seedling-growing seedlings have no weeds.
Comparative example 1
In the experiment, bitter orange seeds sowed in a field are used as materials, traditional matrix sowing and new matrix sowing are carried out, in 11 months in 2018, the statistics of the germination number within 15cm multiplied by 15cm and the determination of the plant height of random 20 seedlings are randomly completed 40 days after sowing, and the results are shown in table 1 and figure 2, and the weed amount is large.
TABLE 1 influence of different seedling raising methods on germination number, seedling height and weed number of fructus Aurantii seeds
As can be seen from the above, the average number of seedlings of 7999 plants/m after sowing was 40 days by the method of the present invention2Compared with comparative example 1, the improved seedling raising rate is improved by 1.43 times, the plant height is 1.6-4.3 cm, the average plant height is improved by 1.6-7.0 times, and no weed is generated in the seedling raising process.
The invention provides a seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of fructus aurantii, which severely inhibits the growth of weeds on a seedbed and reduces the weeding cost; meanwhile, the germination of the seeds of the bitter orange is facilitated, so that the germination rate of the seeds of the bitter orange and the growth potential of seedlings are obviously improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of fructus aurantii is characterized by comprising the following steps: arranging a moist surface in a nursery garden, and sequentially spreading fine sand, a coconut husk-peat mixture, bitter orange seeds and river sand on the moist surface; the thickness of the fine sand is 3-6 cm; the thickness of the coconut coir-turf mixture is 8-15 cm, and the thickness of the river sand is 2-5 cm;
in the coconut husk-turf mixture, the coconut husk is saturated with water, and the weight ratio of the saturated coconut husk to the turf is (5-9): 3;
the bitter orange seeds are subjected to pregermination treatment and disinfection treatment;
the germination accelerating treatment comprises first germination accelerating and second germination accelerating, wherein the first germination accelerating is to soak the bitter orange seeds in water at 50 ℃ for 8-12 min; the second germination accelerating step is that the seeds subjected to the first germination accelerating step are soaked in water at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 25-40 min;
the seeding quantity of the bitter orange seeds is 12000 to 13000 particles/m2。
2. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the furrow surface is 1.0-1.5 m, and the distance between two adjacent furrow surfaces is 0.3-0.8 m.
3. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the disinfection is to soak the seeds of the bitter orange subjected to the pregermination treatment in a disinfectant; the disinfectant is a mixed aqueous solution of metalaxyl-hymexazol and carbendazim; the soaking time is 10-15 h.
4. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the bitter orange seeds are watered every 5 to 7 days after being sown.
5. A seedling raising method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the fructus Aurantii seed is germinated by spraying 600 times of hymexazol or 600 times of chlorothalonil every 10 days.
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| CN110100712A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-09 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings inhibiting Fructus Aurantii seedling blight |
| CN110367107A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-10-25 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Aurantii seedling |
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| CN105104054A (en) * | 2015-08-08 | 2015-12-02 | 龚卫新 | Method for cultivating teak seedling |
| CN105142393A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2015-12-09 | 迈克尔·茨温佛 | Planting system |
| CN105850430A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-17 | 江西樟树天齐堂中药饮片有限公司 | Fructus aurantii disease-resistant high-yield cultivation technology |
| CN207744514U (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-08-21 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of soilless culture bed |
| CN108967018A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-11 | 重庆三峡农业科学院 | A kind of fast breeding method of citrus fruit seedling |
| CN109006352A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-18 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | A kind of bletilla seed sowing bioactivity seedling medium configuration method |
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- 2019-01-07 CN CN201910011407.7A patent/CN109496816B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105142393A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2015-12-09 | 迈克尔·茨温佛 | Planting system |
| CN105104054A (en) * | 2015-08-08 | 2015-12-02 | 龚卫新 | Method for cultivating teak seedling |
| CN105850430A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-17 | 江西樟树天齐堂中药饮片有限公司 | Fructus aurantii disease-resistant high-yield cultivation technology |
| CN207744514U (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-08-21 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of soilless culture bed |
| CN108967018A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-11 | 重庆三峡农业科学院 | A kind of fast breeding method of citrus fruit seedling |
| CN109006352A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-18 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | A kind of bletilla seed sowing bioactivity seedling medium configuration method |
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