CN109452127B - Seedling raising substrate for improving emergence rate of fructus aurantii and application thereof - Google Patents
Seedling raising substrate for improving emergence rate of fructus aurantii and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109452127B CN109452127B CN201910011280.9A CN201910011280A CN109452127B CN 109452127 B CN109452127 B CN 109452127B CN 201910011280 A CN201910011280 A CN 201910011280A CN 109452127 B CN109452127 B CN 109452127B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a seedling raising substrate for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of rootstock seedling raising. The seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-78 parts of fine sand, 5-10 parts of dried coconut coir and 10-20 parts of grass peat; the fine sand, the coconut husk and the turf are not mixed with each other. The seedling raising substrate provided by the invention is used for raising seedlings, and is beneficial to the germination of bitter orange seeds, so that the germination rate of the bitter orange seeds and the seedling growth potential are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rootstock seedling culture, and particularly relates to a seedling culture substrate for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange and application thereof.
Background
Important species of Citrus in Citrus of Rutaceae, such as the regions of southwest of China, southwest of Myanmar and eastern region of southern foot of Himalaya mountain, in the citrus planting industry of the world, the Citrus limon occupies the third place, and at present, 60 countries are planted in the world.
The high-quality lemon seedlings have important significance for the healthy development of the lemon industry, and the high-quality lemon seedlings are divided into an overground part (scions) and an underground part (rootstocks). The fructus aurantii is widely used as the rootstock of the fructus aurantii because the fructus aurantii has strong resistance and can promote the early bearing and high yield of the lemon. However, the seedling raising method has a great influence on the cultivation of the excellent bitter orange rootstocks, and the data statistics result for many years shows that: the difference of different seedling raising methods on the emergence rate and the cost of the bitter orange rootstocks is large, and the conventional cultivation of the bitter orange rootstocks needs a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources to carry out management on weeding and the like on seedbeds after sowing.
The matrix is used as a 'hotbed' for the germination and growth of the seeds of the bitter orange, and has important significance for improving the germination rate of the seeds and reducing the seedling cost. At present, substrates commonly used in production are mixed according to a certain formula proportion by virtue of sand, native soil, organic matters and the like, but due to improper proportion of all the components, clear organic matter source and different decomposition degrees, the problems of low germination rate, few root systems, serious yellow flowers, weak growth potential and poor disease resistance of bitter orange seedlings in the same formula or proportion are caused, the problems of low viability, slow growth and the like of the transplanted bitter orange seedlings are prominent, the industrial production of high-quality bitter orange stocks is seriously influenced, and the problems of uneven growth potential, low efficiency and the like of the lemon seedlings are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising substrate for improving the emergence rate of fructus aurantii and an application thereof, which can solve the problems of low germination rate, less root systems, serious yellow flowers, weak growth potential, poor disease resistance, low viability of the transplanted fructus aurantii, slow growth and the like of fructus aurantii seedlings.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a seedling raising substrate for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-78 parts of fine sand, 5-10 parts of coconut coir and 10-20 parts of turf; the fine sand and coconut husk, fine sand and turf are not mixed with each other.
Preferably, the fine sand comprises river sand or river sand.
Preferably, the coconut coir is dry coconut coir, and the coconut coir is used for absorbing water, wherein the water absorption amount is 5-7 times of the mass of the dry coconut coir.
Preferably, before the seedling substrate is used, the method further comprises the step of mixing the coconut coir after water absorption with the turf.
The invention also provides application of the seedling raising substrate in improving the emergence rate of the bitter orange.
Preferably, the moisture surface is finished in the nursery garden, and the first fine sand, the mixture of the coconut coir and the peat, the bitter orange seeds and the second fine sand are sequentially paved on the moisture surface.
Preferably, the fructus aurantii seeds are subjected to pregermination treatment and disinfection treatment.
Preferably, the pregermination treatment comprises a first pregermination and a second pregermination, wherein the first pregermination is to soak the bitter orange seeds in water at 50 ℃ for 8-12 min; and the second germination accelerating step is to soak the seeds subjected to the first germination accelerating step in water at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 25-40 min.
Preferably, the disinfection is to soak the seeds of the bitter orange which are subjected to the pregermination treatment in a disinfectant; the disinfectant is a mixed aqueous solution of metalaxyl-hymexazol and carbendazim; the soaking time is 10-15 h.
Preferably, the seeding rate of the bitter orange seeds is 12000-13000 seeds/m2。
The invention provides a seedling raising substrate for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of fine sand, 5-10 parts of dried coconut coir and 10-20 parts of grass peat; the fine sand, the coconut husk and the turf are not mixed with each other. The matrix provided by the invention improves the organic matter content and porosity of the rootstock seedling matrix of the bitter orange, ensures the temperature and humidity required by germination of the bitter orange, and is beneficial to germination of seeds of the bitter orange, thereby obviously improving the germination rate of the seeds of the bitter orange and the seedling growth vigor. In the embodiment of the invention, 6221-7999 seedlings/m are emerged on average 40 days after sowing2The plant height is 1.2-4.3 cm.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a seedling raising substrate for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-78 parts of fine sand, 5-10 parts of coconut coir and 10-20 parts of turf; the fine sand, the coconut husk and the turf are not mixed with each other.
The seedling raising substrate comprises fine sand, and the fine sand is preferably 72-76 parts by weight, and more preferably 74-75 parts by weight. The source of the fine sand is not particularly limited in the present invention, and preferably includes river sand or river sand. In the seedling substrate, the fine sand is moisture-retaining, air-permeable and capable of reducing weeds.
The seedling culture substrate comprises 6-9 parts by weight of coconut coir. The source of the coconut coir is not particularly limited, and the coconut coir can be prepared by utilizing the conventional coconut coir in the field. In the seedling substrate, the coconut coir is preferably dried coconut coir, the dried coconut coir is preferably used before being absorbed with water, and the water absorption amount is preferably 5-7 times, and more preferably 6 times of the mass of the coconut coir. Before the seedling substrate is used, the coconut chaff after water absorption is mixed with the turf. The dried coconut coir can provide the organic matter content and the porosity in the matrix, and the temperature and the humidity of the matrix are adjusted, so that the germination of the bitter orange seeds is facilitated.
The seedling raising substrate comprises grass peat 10-20 parts by weight. The source of the turf is not particularly limited in the invention, and the turf can be prepared by utilizing the conventional turf in the field. In the seedling raising substrate, the turf can provide the organic matter content and the porosity in the substrate, and the temperature and the humidity of the substrate are adjusted, so that the germination of the bitter orange seeds is facilitated.
The invention also provides application of the seedling raising substrate in improving the emergence rate of the bitter orange.
When the fertilizer is applied, the moisture surface is preferably arranged in a nursery garden, and the first fine sand, the mixture of the coconut coir and the peat, the bitter orange seeds and the second fine sand are sequentially paved on the moisture surface.
The amounts of the first fine sand and the second fine sand are preferably equal in the present invention.
The method comprises the step of broadcasting seeds of fructus aurantii on the mixture of coconut coir and turf, wherein the sowing amount of the seeds of fructus aurantii is preferably 12000-13000 seeds/m2. Before sowing, the seeds of the bitter orange are preferably subjected to germination accelerating treatment and disinfection treatment, the germination accelerating treatment preferably comprises first germination accelerating and second germination accelerating, the first germination accelerating is preferably carried out by soaking the seeds of the bitter orange in water at 50 ℃ for 8-12 min, more preferably for 9-11 min, and most preferably for 10 min. In the second pregermination method, the seeds subjected to the first pregermination are preferably soaked in water at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 25-40 min, more preferably for 28-35 min, and most preferably for 30 min. In the invention, the germinated fructus aurantii seeds are preferably disinfected after being drained, and the disinfected seeds are preferably soaked in disinfectant. The disinfectant is preferably a mixed aqueous solution containing metalaxyl and carbendazim, and the concentration of the metalaxyl in the disinfectant is preferably 600 times of that in the disinfectant; the concentration of the carbendazim is preferably 600 times of the solution. The soaking time in the disinfection process is preferably 10-15 h, more preferably 11-13 h, and most preferably 12 h.
According to the invention, after the seeds of the bitter orange are sowed, watering is preferably carried out once every 5-7 days, and the moisture of the moist surface is kept to be about 87%. According to the invention, after sowing for one month, the seeds of the fructus aurantii begin to germinate, and the preferable spraying amount of the hymexazol or chlorothalonil is 8.1mL/m, wherein 600 times of the hymexazol or 600 times of the chlorothalonil is sprayed once every 10 days2Or 8.2g/m2。
The seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate of fructus aurantii provided by the invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the method is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
And (3) coconut chaff peat treatment and uniform mixing: firstly, spraying 5kg of dried coconut coir with clean water according to the mass ratio of 6:1 to ensure that the coconut coir fully absorbs water; after the full water absorption is finished, mixing the mixture with 20kg of turf, uniformly stirring the mixture, and storing the mixture for later use;
and (3) carrying out germination acceleration and disinfection treatment on the bitter orange seeds: 1) accelerating germination, namely adjusting the water temperature to 50 ℃, pouring the seeds of the fructus aurantii into the mixture, soaking the seeds for 10min, adjusting the water temperature to 55 ℃, soaking the seeds for 30min, fishing out the seeds and draining the seeds; 2) sterilizing, soaking the seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment in an aqueous solution of 600 times diluted hymexazol and carbendazim for 12 hours, taking out and draining water for sowing;
and (3) moisture surface finishing: the width of the furrow surface is 1.2m, and the distance between the furrow surfaces is 0.5 m;
preparing a seeding table: firstly, spreading fine sand 5cm above the moist soil surface, then spreading the processed coconut chaff peat substrate 10cm above the sand surface, and watering the table top after spreading;
sowing: the seeding density is about 12000-13000 grains/m2And after sowing, spreading fine sand 5cm, and covering with flat film and arched film.
After sowing, regularly checking the moisture of the moisture surface, and replenishing water once every 5-7 days; one month after sowing, the seeds of the bitter orange begin to germinate, and 600 times of hymexazol or 600 times of chlorothalonil liquid is sprayed once every 10 days; meanwhile, the number of the rootstock seedlings of the bitter orange in a unit area and the growth vigor of the total plant height are counted regularly, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The experiment uses fructus aurantii seeds sowed in a field as materials, traditional matrix sowing and new matrix sowing are carried out, the counting of the germination number within 15cm multiplied by 15cm and the measurement of the plant height of random 20 seedlings are randomly completed in 11 months in 2018 after sowing for 40 days, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of different seedling-raising substrates on the germination number of seeds and the plant height of seedlings of fructus Aurantii
As can be seen from the above, by using the seedling substrate of the present invention, 6221 seedlings/m were evenly emerged after sowing 40 days2Compared with comparative example 1, the strain/m is increased by 3021 strains2The plant height is 1.2-3.86 cm, which is 0.6E compared with comparative example 13.2cm。
Example 2
And (3) coconut chaff peat treatment and uniform mixing: firstly, spraying 10kg of dried coconut coir with clean water according to the mass ratio of 6:1 to ensure that the coconut coir fully absorbs water; after the full water absorption is finished, mixing the mixture with 15kg of turf, uniformly stirring the mixture, and storing the mixture for later use;
and (3) carrying out germination acceleration and disinfection treatment on the bitter orange seeds: 1) accelerating germination, namely adjusting the water temperature to 50 ℃, pouring the seeds of the fructus aurantii into the mixture, soaking the seeds for 10 minutes, adjusting the water temperature to 55 ℃, soaking the seeds for 30 minutes, fishing out the seeds and draining the seeds; 2) sterilizing, soaking the seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment in an aqueous solution of 600 times diluted hymexazol and carbendazim for 12 hours, taking out and draining water for sowing;
and (3) moisture surface finishing: the width of the furrow surface is 1.2m, and the distance between the furrow surfaces is 0.5 m;
preparing a seeding table: firstly, spreading fine sand 5cm above the moist soil surface, then spreading the processed coconut chaff peat substrate 10cm above the sand surface, and watering the table top after spreading;
sowing: the seeding density is about 12000-13000 grains/m2And after sowing, spreading fine sand 5cm, and covering with flat film and arched film.
After sowing, regularly checking the moisture of the moisture surface, and replenishing water once every 5-7 days; one month after sowing, the seeds of the bitter orange begin to germinate, and 600 times of hymexazol or 600 times of chlorothalonil liquid is sprayed once every 10 days; meanwhile, the number of the rootstock seedlings of the bitter orange in a unit area and the growth vigor of the total plant height are counted regularly, and the results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
The experiment uses fructus aurantii seeds sowed in a field as materials, traditional matrix sowing and new matrix sowing are carried out, the statistics of the germination number within 15cm multiplied by 15cm and the determination of the plant height of random 20 seedlings are randomly completed 40 days after sowing in 11 months in 2018, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of different seedling-raising media on the germination number and plant height of fructus Aurantii seeds
As can be seen from the above, 40 days after sowing, the seedling substrate of the invention is utilized to realize the average seedling emergence of 7999 plants/m24710 strains/m higher than that of comparative example 22The plant height is 1.6-4.3 cm, which is 1.6-3.7 cm higher than that of comparative example 2.
The invention provides a seedling raising substrate for improving the emergence rate of bitter orange and application thereof, wherein the substrate is beneficial to the germination of bitter orange seeds, so that the germination rate of the bitter orange seeds and the growth potential of seedlings are obviously improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The application of the seedling raising substrate for improving the emergence rate of the bitter orange is characterized in that a moisture surface is arranged in a seedling raising garden, and first fine sand, a mixture of coconut coir and turf, bitter orange seeds and second fine sand are sequentially paved on the moisture surface;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-78 parts of fine sand, 5-10 parts of coconut coir and 10-20 parts of turf; the fine sand and the coconut coir, the fine sand and the turf are not mixed with each other;
the first fine sand and the second fine sand both comprise river sand or river sand;
the coconut husk is dry coconut husk, and the method also comprises the step of absorbing water by the dry coconut husk before use, wherein the water absorption amount is 5-7 times of the mass of the coconut husk;
before the seedling substrate is used, the coconut chaff after water absorption is mixed with the turf;
the bitter orange seeds are subjected to pregermination treatment and disinfection treatment;
the germination accelerating treatment comprises first germination accelerating and second germination accelerating, wherein the first germination accelerating is to soak the bitter orange seeds in water at 50 ℃ for 8-12 min; the second germination accelerating step is that the seeds subjected to the first germination accelerating step are soaked in water with the temperature of 55 ℃ for 25-40 min;
the disinfection treatment is to soak the seeds of the bitter orange which are subjected to the pregermination treatment in disinfectant; the disinfectant is a mixed aqueous solution of metalaxyl-hymexazol and carbendazim; the soaking time is 10-15 h;
the seeding quantity of the bitter orange seeds is 12000-13000 seeds/m2。
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CN110100712A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-09 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings inhibiting Fructus Aurantii seedling blight |
CN110367107A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-10-25 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Aurantii seedling |
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CN106605470A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2017-05-03 | 重庆庆达药业有限公司 | Fructus aurantii seed treatment method |
CN105309083B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-10-27 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | A kind of Paeonia papaveracea seed accelerating germination method |
CN105850430A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-17 | 江西樟树天齐堂中药饮片有限公司 | Fructus aurantii disease-resistant high-yield cultivation technology |
CN107056434A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-18 | 云南恩润生物科技发展有限公司 | Bletilla striata seeds direct sowing and seedling matrix and preparation method thereof |
CN109006352A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-18 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | A kind of bletilla seed sowing bioactivity seedling medium configuration method |
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