CN102379183B - Fertilization technology of hongda cured tobacco - Google Patents
Fertilization technology of hongda cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN102379183B CN102379183B CN 201110328197 CN201110328197A CN102379183B CN 102379183 B CN102379183 B CN 102379183B CN 201110328197 CN201110328197 CN 201110328197 CN 201110328197 A CN201110328197 A CN 201110328197A CN 102379183 B CN102379183 B CN 102379183B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilization technology of cured tobacco, in particular to a fertilization technology of hongda cured tobacco, which is characterized in that: aged oil cake, aged microbial inoculum, fully aged farmyard manure, aged phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer containing N, P and K and medium and micro fertilizer containing Ca, Mg, Mn and the like are used as base fertilizer, potassium nitrate fertilizer and potassium sulfate fertilizer are used as additional fertilizer, and the total hongda fertilization amount is controlled as follows: N:P2O5:K2O=1:(1.5-2):(6-7.5). The fertilization technology provided by the invention is simple and feasible and improves the yield and quality of the hongda cured tobacco, and the produced tobacco can be baked more easily.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco, especially the fertilizing method of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco cultivars of safflower.
Background technology
The large gold dollar original name of safflower flue-cured tobacco Lu Mei city cigarette, the village tobacco grower of south of road county, Yunnan Province in 1962 Lu Mei city selects from large gold dollar variant, gains the name because pattern is dark red, is one of the main breed in Southwestern China cigarette district.Through baking, " the large gold dollar of safflower " fragrance matter is good, jealous pure, and the delicate fragrance style is outstanding, becomes the raw material that each cigarette enterprise is tried to be the first and rushed to purchase.
" the large gold dollar of safflower " is very harsh to the requirement of soil and weather, susceptible sincere heart disease and black stem.And the well developed root system absorbing capacity is stronger, and is especially comparatively responsive to nitrogenous fertilizer so form drought-enduring not anti-fertilizer, and the characteristic of happiness potassium, and in the too high situation of nitrogen, often to spend the prosperous later stage remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe because of growing way.In addition, the chlorophyll content in leaf blades of " the large gold dollar of safflower " is many, and the maturing stage tobacco leaf falls yellow slow evening removing jaundice time, even more foster greener in the field, and it is low to adopt when roasting the removing jaundice degree.Thereby improper fertilization very easily causes the tobacco flue-curing difficulty, the reduction yield and quality.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provide a kind of simple, improve yield and quality, the large gold dollar Fertilizer Application of Tobacco of the safflower method of the easier baking of tobacco leaf of producing.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the large gold dollar Fertilizer Application of Tobacco of the safflower method that the present invention adopts comprises the steps:
(1) the stay cord fixed point is beaten nest, and the farmyard manure that the oil cake that will become thoroughly decomposed, microbial inoculum fully become thoroughly decomposed, the phosphate fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are made base manure, fully mix fertilizer 500-1000kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 4-6kg/ mu thoroughly with nest soil.
(2) (the fertile company of the prosperous phyllody in Sichuan produces, and wherein N 8%, P will to contain the composite fertilizer of N, P, K
2O
512%, K
2O 30%) and contain Ca, Mg, Mn etc. in little fertilizer (the fertile company of the prosperous phyllody in Sichuan produces) make base manure, 8～10cm place circulating application around the cigarette strain, composite fertilizer 25-40kg/ mu, in little fertile 1-2kg/ mu.
(3) kalium nitrate fertilizer is topdressed, executed at twice, after the cigarette strain is transplanted 5-8 days for the first time, 2-3.5kg/ mu, after transplanting 15～20 days for the second time, 6.5-7.8kg/ mu was executed down apart from four jiaos of cigarette strain 8～10cm place.
(4) potassium sulphate fertilizer is topdressed, executed at twice, for the first time on taking off film, concentrate circulating application to the soil layer of root system comparatively dense during the railway carriage or compartment, execute lower rear covering soil layer＞=10 centimetres, 14-20 kg/acre, taking off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 7-10 days, 4-7 kg/acre, execute down for four jiaos apart from cigarette strain 8～10cm place from the cigarette strain for the second time.
The large gold dollar fertilizing amount of safflower master control is made as: N:P
2O
5: K
2O=1:1.5-2:6-7.5.
Phosphate fertilizer and farmyard manure heap are sealed more than one month and are used.Phosphate fertilizer very easily is difficult to be utilized by soil fixing, and flue-cured tobacco this season availability only is 5～10%, seals to use more than one month with the farmyard manure heap again and increases operation rate.
Phosphate fertilizer can be phosphorus one ammonium, the phosphate fertilizer such as calcium phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Embodiment
Following examples are to further instruction of the present invention, are not limitations of the present invention.
The compound fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco that uses in the following example and in little fertilizer be the large gold dollar compound fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco of safflower that the fertile company of the prosperous phyllody in Sichuan produces, wherein composite fertilizer (N 8%, P
2O
512%, K
2O 30%).
Example 1:
Little fertile 2kg/ mu in farmyard manure 500kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu and the special use of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower is applied and fully mixes thoroughly with nest soil, again with the 70%(21kg/ mu of the large gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower consumption 30kg/ mu
2) be used as base fertilizer, residue 30%(9kg/ mu) stay when taking off on the film railway carriage or compartment and executed.Transplanted rear 7 days, with kalium nitrate fertilizer 3kg/ mu
2Impose, execute down for four jiaos apart from cigarette strain 8cm from the cigarette strain, transplanted rear 15 days, use the same method and execute again 7kg/ mu.When taking off film, with potassium sulphate fertilizer 20 kg/ mus and the large gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 30%(9kg/ mu) concentrate the soil layer of the root system comparatively dense of spreading manuer in holes, go up the railway carriage or compartment in conjunction with ridging, execute lower rear covering 12 cm layer of soil.
Example 2:
With farmyard manure 500kg/ mu
2Fully mix thoroughly with oil cake 20kg/ mu and nest soil, again with the large gold dollar compound fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco of safflower 30kg/ mu
2With little fertile 2kg/ mu in the special use of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower
2Mix, all be used as base manure, disposable having executed.Transplanted rear 7 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer imposes according to 3kg/ mu consumption, apart from cigarette strain 8cm, executes down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.Transplanted rear 15 days, and used the same method and execute again 7kg/ mu.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer in conjunction with the upper railway carriage or compartment of ridging, is executed lower rear covering 12 cm layer of soil according to the soil layer of the concentrated root system comparatively dense of spreading manuer in holes of 20 kg/ mu consumptions.
Example 3:
With farmyard manure 500kg/ mu
2, oil cake 20kg/ mu
2Apply and fully mix thoroughly with nest soil with little fertile 2kg/ mu in the special use of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower, again with the 70%(21kg/ mu of the large gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 30kg/ mu) be used as base manure, residue 30%(9kg/ mu
2) stay when taking off on the film railway carriage or compartment and executed.Transplanted rear 7 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer is according to 3kg/ mu
2Consumption imposes, apart from cigarette strain 8cm, under four jiaos of vertical inserting of cigarette strain.Transplanted rear 15 days, and used the same method and execute again 7kg/ mu.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer is according to 15 kg/ mu consumptions and the large gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 30%(9kg/ mu) concentrate circulating application to the soil layer of root system comparatively dense, in conjunction with the upper railway carriage or compartment of ridging, execute lower rear covering 12 cm layer of soil.Took off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 7-10 days, and pressed 5kg/ mu
2Consumption, apart from cigarette strain 8cm, execute down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.
Example 4:
With little fertile 2kg/ mu in farmyard manure 500kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, phosphorus one ammonium, 5 kg/ mus and the special use of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower behind the mixing stack retting
2Mix thoroughly and apply nest soil, and fully mix thoroughly with nest soil, the larger gold dollar compound fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco of safflower 30kg/ mu is used as all that base manure is disposable have been executed.Transplanted rear 5 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 3kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 8cm, executes down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.Transplanted rear about 15 days, and used the same method and execute again 7kg/ mu.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 20 kg/ mus are concentrated the soil layer of the root system comparatively dense of spreading manuer in holes, and in conjunction with the upper railway carriage or compartment of ridging, have executed rear covering 12 cm layer of soil.
Example 5:
Little fertile 2kg/ mu in the farmyard manure 500kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 kg/ mus and the special use of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower that mix behind the stack retting mixed thoroughly apply nest soil, and fully mix thoroughly with nest soil, again with the 70%(21kg/ mu of the large gold dollar compound fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco of safflower 30kg/ mu) be used as base manure, residue 30%(9kg/ mu) stay when taking off on the film railway carriage or compartment and executed.Transplanted rear 8 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 3kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 8cm, executes down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.Transplanted rear 20 days, and used the same method and execute again 7kg/ mu.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 20 kg/ mus and the large gold dollar compound fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco of safflower 30%(9kg/ mu) concentrate the soil layer of the root system comparatively dense of spreading manuer in holes, go up the railway carriage or compartment in conjunction with ridging, executed rear covering 12 cm layer of soil.
Example 6:
To mix first in farmyard manure 600kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4.5 kg/ mus and the special use of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower behind the stack retting little fertile 2.8kg/ mu mixes thoroughly and applies nest soil, and fully mix thoroughly with nest soil, the larger gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 35kg/ mu all is used as base manure apart from cigarette strain 10 cm circulating application.Transplanted rear 6 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 2.7kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 10cm, vertically executes down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.Transplanted rear 18 days, and used the same method and execute again 7.4kg/ mu.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 15 kg/ mus concentrate circulating application to the soil layer of root system comparatively dense, in conjunction with the upper railway carriage or compartment of ridging, execute lower rear covering 13 cm layer of soil.Took off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 7 days, 5kg/ mu apart from cigarette strain 10cm, is executed down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.
Embodiment 7:
To mix first in farmyard manure 1000kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 kg/ mus and the special use of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower behind the stack retting little fertile 2kg/ mu mixes thoroughly and applies nest soil, and fully mix thoroughly with nest soil, the larger gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 25kg/ mu all is used as base manure apart from cigarette strain 8 cm circulating application.Transplanted rear 7 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 3.5kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 8cm, vertically executes down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.Transplanted rear 15 days, and used the same method and execute again 6.5kg/ mu.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 14kg/ mu concentrates circulating application to the soil layer of root system comparatively dense, in conjunction with the upper railway carriage or compartment of ridging, executes lower rear covering 12 cm layer of soil.Took off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 10 days, 4kg/ mu apart from cigarette strain 8cm, is executed down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.
Embodiment 8:
To mix first in farmyard manure 700kg/ mu, oil cake 20kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6kg/ mu and the special use of the large gold dollar flue-cured tobacco of safflower behind the stack retting little fertile 1kg/ mu mixes thoroughly and applies nest soil, and fully mix thoroughly with nest soil, the larger gold dollar special fertilizer for tobacco of safflower 40kg/ mu all is used as base manure apart from cigarette strain 9 cm circulating application.Transplanted rear 7 days, kalium nitrate fertilizer 2kg/ mu imposes, and apart from cigarette strain 9cm, vertically executes down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.Transplanted rear 15 days, and used the same method and execute again 7.8kg/ mu.When taking off film, potassium sulphate fertilizer 20kg/ mu concentrates circulating application to the soil layer of root system comparatively dense, in conjunction with the upper railway carriage or compartment of ridging, executes lower rear covering 14 cm layer of soil.Took off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 8 days, 7kg/ mu apart from cigarette strain 9cm, is executed down from four jiaos of cigarette strains.
Table 1 the present invention and the generally contrast of fertilizing method maturing stage economical character in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trial
| Experimental group | Plant height (cm) | Pitch (cm) | Stem girth (cm) | Effective blade number (sheet) | Bottom Ye Changkuan (cm) | Middle leaf length and width (cm) | Upper leaf length and width (cm) |
| Example 1 | 76 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 17 | 59×56 | 64×26 | 26×14 |
| Example 2 | 103 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 20 | 84×29 | 78×27 | 29×17 |
| Example 3 | 95 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 20 | 74×28 | 72×28 | 26×15 |
| Example 4 | 84 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 20 | 75×24 | 74×27 | 29×20 |
| Example 5 | 99 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 21 | 89×31 | 79×31 | 31×19 |
| Example 6 | 116 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 22 | 89×34 | 85×32 | 37×22 |
Remarks: the maturing stage plant height is the flue-cured tobacco rear measured value of pinching.
Table 2 the present invention and the generally contrast of fertilizing method economic characters in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trial
| Experimental group | Per mu yield (kg) | Per mu yield value (kg) | First-class cigarette ratio (%) | Medium grade cigarette ratio (%) | Better-than-average cigarette ratio (%) |
| Example 1 | 121.23 | 1340.4 | 23.4 | 34.1 | 57.5 |
| Example 2 | 140.13 | 2020.4 | 30.1 | 45.7 | 75.8 |
| Example 3 | 137.95 | 1845.9 | 28.6 | 43.9 | 72.5 |
| Example 4 | 144.13 | 2056.2 | 31.7 | 43.7 | 75.4 |
| Example 5 | 147.81 | 2120.4 | 34.4 | 42.5 | 76.9 |
| Example 6 | 157.39 | 2274.6 | 38.5 | 42.8 | 81.3 |
Table 3 the present invention and the generally contrast of fertilizing method presentation quality in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trial
| Experimental group | Color | Maturity | Blade construction | Identity | Oil content | Colourity | Integrate score |
| Example 1 | 7.70 | 6.65 | 6.40 | 5.60 | 4.53 | 6.53 | 6.13 |
| Example 2 | 7.97 | 8.30 | 7.53 | 7.47 | 5.97 | 7.07 | 7.24 |
| Example 3 | 8.03 | 7.70 | 6.93 | 7.00 | 6.23 | 6.07 | 7.05 |
| Example 4 | 8.43 | 8.40 | 7.47 | 7.27 | 6.23 | 7.47 | 7.46 |
| Example 5 | 8.43 | 8.40 | 7.57 | 7.67 | 6.80 | 7.47 | 7.68 |
| Example 6 | 8.83 | 8.40 | 8.57 | 7.47 | 7.63 | 7.93 | 8.17 |
Remarks: Appearance Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco overall merit adopts the exponential sum method to calculate, and the index screening of index system, quantification of targets method, authentication method and index weights are determined all with reference to Chinese tobacco plantation zoning achievement in research.
Table 4 the present invention with in general fertilizing method is in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trial in the contrast of chemical quality
| Experimental group | Total nitrogen | Nicotine | Water-soluble Total Sugar | Reducing sugar | Cigarette potassium | The nitrogen base ratio | Sugar alkali ratio |
| Example 1 | 2.16 | 1.66 | 20.44 | 17.25 | 1.34 | 1.19 | 12.31 |
| Example 2 | 2.31 | 1.99 | 23.72 | 20.08 | 1.65 | 1.16 | 11.92 |
| Example 3 | 2.28 | 1.75 | 24.82 | 19.74 | 1.78 | 1.30 | 14.18 |
| Example 4 | 2.68 | 2.18 | 28.74 | 24.52 | 1.83 | 1.18 | 13.18 |
| Example 5 | 2.84 | 2.29 | 27.11 | 23.27 | 1.96 | 1.15 | 11.84 |
| Example 6 | 2.76 | 2.54 | 29.95 | 27.53 | 2.38 | 1.09 | 11.79 |
Claims (3)
1. the large gold dollar Fertilizer Application of Tobacco of safflower method, its feature comprises the steps:
(1) the stay cord fixed point is beaten nest, and the farmyard manure that the oil cake that will become thoroughly decomposed, microbial inoculum fully become thoroughly decomposed, the phosphate fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are made base manure, fully mix fertilizer 500-1000kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 4-6kg/ mu thoroughly with nest soil; Wherein phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus one ammonium, superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
(2) will contain composite fertilizer's base manure of N, P, K and contain Ca, Mg, Mn in little fertilizer make base manure, 8～10cm place circulating application around the cigarette strain, composite fertilizer 25-40kg/ mu, in little fertile 1-2kg/ mu;
(3) kalium nitrate fertilizer is topdressed, executed at twice, after the cigarette strain is transplanted 5-8 days for the first time, 2-3.5kg/ mu, after transplanting 15～20 days for the second time, 6.5-7.8kg/ mu was executed down apart from four jiaos of cigarette strain 8～10cm place;
(4) potassium sulphate fertilizer is topdressed, executed at twice, for the first time on taking off film, concentrate circulating application to the soil layer of root system comparatively dense during the railway carriage or compartment, execute lower rear covering soil layer＞=10 centimetres, 14-20 kg/acre, taking off on the film behind the railway carriage or compartment 7-10 days, 4-7 kg/acre, execute down for four jiaos apart from cigarette strain 8～10cm place from the cigarette strain for the second time.
2. the large gold dollar Fertilizer Application of Tobacco of a kind of safflower according to claim 1 method, it is characterized in that: the large gold dollar fertilizing amount of safflower is controlled to be: N:P
2O
5: K
2O=1:1.5-2:6-7.5.
3. the large gold dollar Fertilizer Application of Tobacco of a kind of safflower according to claim 1 method is characterized in that: phosphate fertilizer and farmyard manure heap are sealed more than one month and are used.
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| CN102379183B true CN102379183B (en) | 2013-04-03 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103210725B (en) * | 2013-04-14 | 2014-07-09 | 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 | Double-layer flue-cured tobacco fertilization method |
| CN103563535B (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-02-03 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of Yun yan85 tobacco leaf puies forward the method for potassium fertilising |
| CN103782788A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Double-row concave type combined ridge tobacco transplant method |
| CN104387211A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-04 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Special nutrient package fertilizer for Honghua Dajinyuan species tobacco and preparation method thereof |
| CN104823586B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-10-27 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | A kind of promotion big gold dollar tobacco leaf of safflower falls the ripe ecological fertilization method of Huang Cheng |
| CN105993342A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Nitrogenous fertilizer applying method for HonghuaDajinyuantobacco |
| CN106489395A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-15 | 西昌学院 | A kind of simple differentiation fertilizing method of the big gold dollar of Flos Carthami |
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| CN1331914A (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2002-01-23 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Breeding method of black leg-resisting tobacco variety 'Honghuadajinyuan' |
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| CN1331914A (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2002-01-23 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Breeding method of black leg-resisting tobacco variety 'Honghuadajinyuan' |
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Inventor after: Wang Changquan Inventor after: Lei Bin Inventor after: Li Qiquan Inventor after: Cai Yan Inventor after: Yuan Dagang Inventor after: Li Bing Inventor after: Du Wei Inventor after: Hu Jianxin Inventor after: Xu Qiang Inventor after: Yang Jie Inventor after: Du Qian Inventor after: Yang Juan Inventor after: Han Lihong Inventor before: Wang Changquan Inventor before: Lei Bin Inventor before: Li Qiquan Inventor before: Cai Yan Inventor before: Yuan Dagang Inventor before: Li Bing Inventor before: Du Wei Inventor before: Hu Jianxin Inventor before: Xu Qiang Inventor before: Yang Jie Inventor before: Du Qian Inventor before: Yang Juan Inventor before: Han Lihong |
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