CN108476874A - The implantation methods of cyperus and its cyperus of plantation - Google Patents
The implantation methods of cyperus and its cyperus of plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108476874A CN108476874A CN201810268519.6A CN201810268519A CN108476874A CN 108476874 A CN108476874 A CN 108476874A CN 201810268519 A CN201810268519 A CN 201810268519A CN 108476874 A CN108476874 A CN 108476874A
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- cyperus
- implantation methods
- sowing
- vernalization
- harvest
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of cyperus, which is characterized in that breeding method includes the following steps：Seed selection：Full grains is selected, the cyperus not gone mouldy is as cyperus kind；Seed soaking：Cyperus kind is placed in normal-temperature water to impregnate 4~8 days or cyperus kind is placed in hot 0~50 DEG C of hot water and is impregnated 2~6 days；Vernalization：Vernalization is carried out to the cyperus kind after seed soaking；Sowing：Cyperus kind is sowed on plantation arable land, sowing condition is 20 DEG C of temperature or more, 14~16 DEG C of ground temperature；Harvest：Harvest cyperus finished product.The implantation methods of above-mentioned cyperus, it passes through seed soaking and vernalization, be conducive to the germination of cyperus and appear ahead of time, shorten the whole crop cycle of cyperus, further control sowing condition, suitable sowing condition can make the yield and stay in grade of cyperus, finally harvest the cyperus of high-quality, high yield, the dry fruit per mu yield of cyperus is made to be stably maintained at 1000kg or more.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant variety breeding method technical fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods and its kind of cyperus
The cyperus of plant.
Background technology
Cyperus also known as Cyperus esculentus L. Var. Sativus Baeck originate in African northeast, are known as the laudatory title of " underground walnut ", be China's sixties from
A kind of novel crops integrating grain, oil, feed that Africa is introduced, economic value are very high.But after introducing, due to lacking
The domestication stringent to seed, screening, in addition do not cause planting technology enough attention, cause cyperus per mu yield and
Quality is very unstable.For many years, the development of cyperus plantation is undesirable always, causes the product gradually by institute of vast plantation peasant household
It abandons.The high and stable yields for how realizing cyperus are that there is an urgent need for solve the problems, such as at present.
Invention content
The present invention for the yield and the unstable problem of quality of cyperus, provide a kind of cyperus implantation methods and
Its cyperus prepared.
A kind of implantation methods of cyperus provided by the invention, the breeding method include the following steps：
Seed selection：Full grains is selected, the cyperus not gone mouldy is as cyperus kind；
Seed soaking：The cyperus kind is placed in normal-temperature water and impregnates 4~8 days or the cyperus kind is placed in heat 0~50
It is impregnated 2~6 days in DEG C hot water；
Vernalization：Vernalization is carried out to the cyperus kind after seed soaking；
Sowing：The cyperus kind is sowed on plantation arable land, sowing condition is 20 DEG C of temperature or more, ground temperature 14
~16 DEG C；
Harvest：Harvest cyperus finished product.
The germination accelerating method of the vernalization step is accumulation vernalization or casting bed vernalization, vernalization bud in one of the embodiments,
It is long to be less than or equal to 0.5cm.
In one of the embodiments, in the sowing step, seeding method is 3~5cm of depth of planting, sows line-spacing 25
~35cm, 15~25cm of sowing spacing in the rows.
Plantation area of the frost-free period less than 140 days, the seeding method are transplanted using young crops in one of the embodiments,
Seeding method.
It is further comprising the steps of in one of the embodiments, before the sowing step：
It applies fertilizer to the subsoil：It is micro- that 500~2000kg farm manures, 100~800kg organic-biologicals are applied per acre to plantation arable land
Fertilizer, 30~150kg composite fertilizers.
The breeding method is further comprising the steps of in one of the embodiments,：
Field management：After cyperus kind emergence, according to nitrogen：Phosphorus：The ratio of potassium is 1:1:0.5~1:2:0.5 chases after
30~120kg of fertilizer.
The sowing arable land is sand ground in one of the embodiments,.
The harvest condition of the harvest step is cyperus overground part leaf color after the Autumnal Equinox in one of the embodiments,
When starting jaundice.
In one of the embodiments, in the seed selection step, selective cyperus is middle grain cyperus kind, described
Middle grain cyperus through screen, plant experimentally, screen again and large area plantation obtain.
The present invention also provides the implantation methods that cyperus kind described in a kind of cyperus kind uses cyperus as described above
It plants.
The implantation methods of above-mentioned cyperus are conducive to the germination of cyperus and do sth. in advance by seed soaking and vernalization
The whole crop cycle of cyperus is shortened in face, further controls sowing condition, and suitable sowing condition can make cyperus
Yield and stay in grade, finally harvest high-quality, high yield cyperus, make cyperus dry fruit per mu yield stablize maintain
In 1000kg or more.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with specific implementation mode pair
The present invention is further described.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but simultaneously
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The cyperus implantation methods of an embodiment provided by the invention include the following steps：
Seed selection：Full grains is selected, the cyperus not gone mouldy is as cyperus kind；
Seed soaking：Cyperus kind is placed in normal-temperature water and impregnates 4~8 days or cyperus kind is placed in hot 40~50 DEG C of hot water
It impregnates 2~6 days；
Vernalization：Vernalization is carried out to the cyperus kind after seed soaking；
It applies fertilizer to the subsoil：The micro- fertilizer of 500~2000kg farm manures, 100~800kg organic-biologicals, 30 are applied per acre to plantation arable land
~150kg composite fertilizers；
Sowing：Cyperus kind is sowed on plantation arable land, sowing condition is 20 DEG C of temperature or more, ground temperature 14~16
℃；
Field management：After the emergence of cyperus kind, according to nitrogen：Phosphorus：The ratio of potassium is 1:1:0.5~1:2:0.5 top dressing 30
~120kg；
Harvest：Harvest cyperus finished product.
The implantation methods of above-mentioned cyperus are conducive to the germination of cyperus and do sth. in advance by seed soaking and vernalization
The whole crop cycle of cyperus is shortened in face, further controls sowing condition, and suitable sowing condition can make cyperus
Yield and stay in grade, finally harvest high-quality, high yield cyperus, make cyperus per mu yield dry fruit amount stablize maintain
In 1000kg or more.
Wherein, seed soaking step is the key that promote cyperus germination and raising emergence rate.Cyperus stem tuber skin depth is hard,
Absorption is slower, and it is one of the necessary condition that its stem tuber is sprouted to absorb enough moisture.In the implantation methods of the present invention, oil is husky
Beans pass through seed soaking, impregnate 4~8 days in normal-temperature water or are impregnated 2~6 days in 40~50 DEG C of hot water.With traditional cyperus
Seed soaking mode --- clear water impregnates 6~12h and compares in room temperature, or extends soaking time, or improves soaking temperature simultaneously
And extend soaking time, by experiments have shown that, extend soaking time or improving soaking temperature will not only cause cyperus rotten
Rotten, damage can further promote the germination of cyperus and improve emergence rate instead.
In step of choosing seeds, selective cyperus be middle grain cyperus kind, middle grain cyperus through screening, planting experimentally, again
Screening and large area plantation obtain.In the planting process of cyperus, the selection most critical of cyperus kind will not only select son
Grain is full, the cyperus not gone mouldy as seed, and selective cyperus need to plant experimentally by stringent screening--
The process of screening-large area plantation, so that cyperus kind property is stablized, it is ensured that the high yield of cyperus, stable yields.Husky beans kind is very
More, length, round flat, of different sizes, inventor is by constantly under different regions, different edaphic condition, weather conditions, leading to
It crosses and plants experimentally, tests repeatedly, selecting, eliminating, selected in one kind of suitable China's most area growth grain cyperus as planting
Son, oil yield is high, and per mu yield cyperus dry fruit reaches 1000kg.
The purpose of vernalization makes after planting early emergence first, promoting cyperus stem tuber to send out ahead of time is good for bud；Second is that cyperus is made to give birth to
Long-term seedling is neat and full stand, avoids lacking yellow disconnected ridge.There are many germination accelerating methods, and optionally, the present invention is using accumulation vernalization or casting bed
Vernalization.It should be noted that in the vernalization step of Summer-sowing, because temperature is higher, it should be noted that ventilation moisturizing avoids temperature mistake
High fever bud and avoid humidity is too low from leading to dead seedling.Optionally, vernalization bud length is no more than 0.5cm, long that seedling body can be made to be easy folding
It is disconnected.
It sows in step, suitable sowing condition is to ensure that the important measures of cyperus high yield, stable yields.The present invention is by anti-
Retrial is tested, and combines the cyperus kind of weather conditions in all parts of the country and selection, by making sowing condition be 20 DEG C of temperature
More than, 14~16 DEG C of ground temperature can make cyperus stem tuber neatly emerge under this condition, and the quality of cyperus finished product is excellent
It is good.Further, since China various regions weather conditions differ larger, by north orientation south, weather is warmer, and sowing beginning period is more early,
It is also wider to sow the time limit.When different regions are sowed, sowing condition proposed by the present invention is selected, it can be ensured that cyperus emergence is whole
Together, stable yield and quality of finished are good.
Further, it sows in step, suitable seeding method is also one of the important measure for maintaining cyperus stable yields.Make
For a kind of optional embodiment, seeding method is 3~5cm of depth of planting, sows 25~35cm of line-spacing, sowing spacing in the rows 15~
25cm.This kind of sowing condition can further make cyperus stable yield in conjunction with the implantation methods of the present invention.Usually plant
Arable land, sowing line-spacing can be 30cm, and sowing spacing in the rows can be 20cm.The poor plantation arable land of edaphic condition, can suitably carry
High thickness of sowing is sowed spacing in the rows Xuanwei 15cm, but unconfined cannot be carried to ensure that yield, such as sowing line-spacing are selected as 25cm
High thickness of sowing, thickness of sowing, which crosses senior general, causes the quality decline of cyperus serious.
Optionally, sowing using trench digging drilling or bunch planting seeding method, per two, cave seed, mu grain weight 7~
15kg。
As a kind of optional embodiment, plantation area of the frost-free period less than 140 days, seeding method is using young crops transplanting
Seeding method.It in the area that frost-free period is relatively short, carries out nursery and moves the seeding method cut out, sowing time can be adjusted and extended and given birth to
For a long time, wherein seedling stage generally not top dressing.
It applies fertilizer to the subsoil, usually, applies per acre according to the actual conditions in plantation arable land as a kind of optional embodiment
Add the micro- fertilizer of 500~2000kg farm manures, 100~800kg organic-biologicals, 30~150kg composite fertilizers.
As a kind of optional embodiment, include the following steps：
Field management：After the emergence of cyperus kind, according to nitrogen：Phosphorus：The ratio of potassium is 1:1:0.5~1:2:0.5 top dressing 30
~120kg.
Cyperus is in the typically no disease pest harm of entire growth period.Requirement to fertilizer is, after cyperus emerges, low fertilizer
Sandy soil are according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio 1:2：0.5 30~120kg of top dressing, medium sandy soil are according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio 1:1:0.5 chases after
30~120kg of fertilizer.Furthermore, it is noted that uprooting weeds in growth early period and mid-term, cyperus is shallow root system plant, in especially growing
Phase, hoeing up weeds is advisable with shallow, cannot be uprooted deeply.Deep-rootedness weeds should be pulled out by hand, when plant enters prosperous long-term, leaf covering ground
When should not just hoe up weeds again.
Optionally, cyperus sowing arable land is sand ground.
Further, the harvest condition of step is harvested after the Autumnal Equinox, when cyperus overground part leaf color starts jaundice, to harvest
Underground core shape rhizome fruit, weeds out fine earth and handstone, picks ratchel and sundries, temporarily can store or eluriate, and when elutriation removes
Remove other impurity, so that it may clean cyperus fruit is obtained, using drying or dry, you can to obtain cyperus finished product.
In the cyperus seed that Dingzhou City in Hebei Province is chosen seeds with the method for the present invention, 100 mu of plantation is test group；With without tight
For the introduction adventive cyperus of lattice seed selection as seed, 20 mu of plantation cyperus is contrast groups, constant in other planting conditions,
Comparing result is as shown in table 1.
1 cyperus of table seed selection comparing result
| Group | Dry fruit average yield per mu (kg) | Average oil yield (%) | Growth time (day) |
| Test group | 1020 | 18 | 132 |
| Contrast groups | 730 | 17 | 136 |
From table 1 it follows that not only dry fruit per mu yield is high for the cyperus kind screened of the present invention, oil productivity is high, Er Qiesheng
It is short to produce the period.
Use the cyperus that the method for the present invention is screened as seed in Dingzhou City in Hebei Province.Different seed-soaking methods is selected to distinguish
10 mu of progress check experiments of plantation, test result are as shown in table 2.
The comparing result of the different seed-soaking methods of table 2
From table 2 it can be seen that soaking seed compared to traditional normal-temperature water time, implantation methods of the present invention pass through change seed soaking item
Part can be obviously promoted hair cyperus germination, bud ratio be improved, so as to improve the yield of cyperus and be that yield is steady
It is fixed, moreover it is possible to further shorten crop cycle.
By a large amount of planting experiment, the implantation methods of cyperus of the invention, the general per mu yield fresh fruit of cyperus 1500~
2600kg, 1000~1300kg of dry fruit.And with other implantation methods, 600~1500kg of general per mu yield fresh fruit, dry fruit 300~
750kg.And the stable yield of implantation methods of the present invention, fluctuating range is little and best in quality up and down for yield.And use other
Technology plants cyperus, and since budding and emergence rate are uncontrolled, yield is generally unstable, and yield is high sometimes, sometimes low output,
Its per mu yield is very unstable
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, changes, replacing and modification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantation methods of cyperus, which is characterized in that the breeding method includes the following steps：
Seed selection：Full grains is selected, the cyperus not gone mouldy is as cyperus kind；
Seed soaking：The cyperus kind is placed in normal-temperature water and impregnates 4~8 days or the cyperus kind is placed in hot 0~50 DEG C of heat
It is impregnated 2~6 days in water；
Vernalization：Vernalization is carried out to the cyperus kind after seed soaking；
Sowing：The cyperus kind is sowed on plantation arable land, sowing condition is 20 DEG C of temperature or more, ground temperature 14~16
℃；
Harvest：Harvest cyperus finished product.
2. the implantation methods of cyperus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the germination accelerating method of the vernalization step is
Vernalization or casting bed vernalization are accumulated, vernalization bud length is less than or equal to 0.5cm.
3. the implantation methods of cyperus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the sowing step, seeding method
For 3~5cm of depth of planting, 25~35cm of line-spacing, 15~25cm of sowing spacing in the rows are sowed.
4. the implantation methods of cyperus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that frost-free period is less than 140 days planting sites
Area, the seeding method use the seeding method of young crops transplanting.
5. the implantation methods of cyperus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before the sowing step, also wrap
Include following steps：
It applies fertilizer to the subsoil：The micro- fertilizer of 500~2000kg farm manures, 100~800kg organic-biologicals, 30 are applied per acre to plantation arable land
~150kg composite fertilizers.
6. the implantation methods of cyperus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the breeding method further includes following step
Suddenly：
Field management：After cyperus kind emergence, according to nitrogen：Phosphorus：The ratio of potassium is 1:1:0.5~1:2:0.5 top dressing 30
~120kg.
7. the implantation methods of cyperus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sowing arable land is sand ground.
8. the implantation methods of cyperus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described harvest step harvest condition be
After the Autumnal Equinox, when cyperus overground part leaf color starts jaundice.
9. the implantation methods of the cyperus according to claim 1 to 8 any one, which is characterized in that the seed selection step
In, selective cyperus is middle grain cyperus kind, and the middle grain cyperus is through screening, planting experimentally, screen again and large area
Plantation obtains.
10. a kind of cyperus kind, which is characterized in that the cyperus kind is using the oil as described in claim 1 to 9 any one
The implantation methods of husky beans are planted.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810268519.6A CN108476874A (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2018-03-29 | The implantation methods of cyperus and its cyperus of plantation |
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| CN201810268519.6A CN108476874A (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2018-03-29 | The implantation methods of cyperus and its cyperus of plantation |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109197475A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-15 | 湖南敦伦农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cyperue esculentus |
| CN113179872A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-07-30 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandy area |
| CN115039647A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-09-13 | 石河子大学 | Water and fertilizer management method for high-yield planting of cyperus esculentus in aeolian sandy soil |
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| CN102017851A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-04-20 | 菁华昱创（北京）新技术发展有限公司 | Cyperus planting and harvesting technology |
| CN103907451A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2014-07-09 | 全龙浩 | Cyperus planting and harvesting technology |
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| CN102017851A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-04-20 | 菁华昱创（北京）新技术发展有限公司 | Cyperus planting and harvesting technology |
| CN103907451A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2014-07-09 | 全龙浩 | Cyperus planting and harvesting technology |
| CN106386049A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 茂名华绿农牧科技有限公司 | Method for planting cyperus esculentus |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109197475A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-15 | 湖南敦伦农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cyperue esculentus |
| CN113179872A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-07-30 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandy area |
| CN115039647A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-09-13 | 石河子大学 | Water and fertilizer management method for high-yield planting of cyperus esculentus in aeolian sandy soil |
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Application publication date: 20180904 |