CN113179872A - Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandy area - Google Patents

Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandy area Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113179872A
CN113179872A CN202110583623.6A CN202110583623A CN113179872A CN 113179872 A CN113179872 A CN 113179872A CN 202110583623 A CN202110583623 A CN 202110583623A CN 113179872 A CN113179872 A CN 113179872A
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cyperus esculentus
planting
sowing
seeds
drip irrigation
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Inventor
周杰
黄彩变
曾凡江
李向义
李利
鲁艳
李磊
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting cyperus esculentus in an extremely arid windy desert area, and relates to the technical field of economic crop cultivation. The planting method provided by the invention is used for solving the problems that the cyperus esculentus is damaged by sand wind in the early growth stage and seedlings are difficult to survive from the aspects of soil preparation, base fertilizer, sowing, pipe arrangement and film covering. By applying the planting method disclosed by the invention, the cyperus esculentus plant height, the forage grass yield and the tuber yield can be obviously improved. Meanwhile, the cyperus esculentus can effectively inhibit the sand wind migration on the ground surface after being mature, and the wind erosion harm is reduced. If underground tubers are not harvested and forage grass is mainly obtained, the oil sand beans still can germinate and grow in the spring of the second year after withering in autumn, and the protective effect on wind and sand damage can be achieved all the time.

Description

Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandy area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of economic crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method of cyperus esculentus in an extremely arid windy desert area.
Background
Cyperus esculentus (Cyperus esculentus L.) belongs to perennial herbaceous plants of Cyperus genus of Cyperaceae family, and the main harvest is underground nuclear tuber. The tuber of the cyperus esculentus is rich in grease, starch, sugar, protein, dietary fiber, various vitamins and minerals. The oil content of the cyperus esculentus is 20-32%, the yield per unit is higher than that of oil crops such as soybean, rape, peanut and the like, the yield of underground dry fruits is 2 times of that of the peanut and 3-4 times of that of the rape, and the cyperus esculentus is called as the king of the oil crops. The cyperus esculentus stems and leaves are rich in nutrition and are excellent feed. The fresh grass can be directly eaten by herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep, horses, rabbits, geese, etc.; the hay is ground into powder and can be used as an auxiliary formula of the feed, so that the nutritional ingredients of the feed are enriched.
The cyperus esculentus has the advantages of more tillers, thin and long leaves, no stems, leaf length of 55-75 cm, width of 0.3-1.0 cm, and capacity of producing 45000kg of fresh grass per hectare. The regeneration capacity of the stems and leaves on the cyperus esculentus ground is high, the stems and leaves on the ground can be mowed twice in each season, and the length of the mowed stems and leaves can reach 55-65 cm after 20-30 days. The cyperus esculentus is drought and barren resistant and is particularly suitable for growing on sandy soil. The roots are developed and connected with each other, the fibrous roots are more, the soil can be loosened after planting, the drought resistance and the soil moisture conservation can be realized, the weeds can be inhibited, and the water and soil loss can be prevented. Meanwhile, the cyperus esculentus grows fast, can cover sandy land fast when being planted in sandy soil, and has the functions of naturally preventing wind and fixing sand.
However, in an extremely arid windy desert area, the wind-eroded desertified land is poor in soil, arid in climate and serious in windy desert damage, and is not suitable for planting cyperus esculentus, and no new planting method for ensuring the planting survival rate of the cyperus esculentus in the extremely arid windy desert area exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a cyperus esculentus planting method in an extremely arid sand-blown area, which can inhibit the harm of local sand-blown area, protect the ecological environment, harvest underground cyperus esculentus and overground stalks, generate certain economic benefit, and promote the sustainable development of local ecology and economy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a cyperus esculentus planting method in an extremely arid windy desert area, which comprises the following steps: taking an area capable of implementing drip irrigation in an extremely arid wind-sand area as a planting land, and carrying out rotary tillage to soil preparation after applying a base fertilizer;
(2) sowing cyperus esculentus seeds in the middle ten days of the 4 th month to the last 6 th month of the year, laying a drip irrigation tape and covering a film; the sowing amount of the cyperus esculentus seeds is 8-12 kg/mu, the sowing depth is 4-5 cm, and the row spacing is 30 cm.
Preferably, the area of step (1) comprises desertified degraded land or newly reclaimed sandy land.
Preferably, the base fertilizer application in the step (1) comprises applying 1.0-1.5 tons of farmyard manure, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of humic acid and 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu of base fertilizer.
Preferably, the land is prepared by rotary tillage after the base fertilizer is applied in the step (1), and the depth of the rotary tillage is not less than 20 cm.
Preferably, the cyperus esculentus seeds in the step (2) further comprise pretreatment before sowing, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds in water for 48-72 h.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the cyperus esculentus seeds in the step (2) is 8 kg/mu in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, and is 10-12 kg/mu in 5-6 months.
Preferably, the drip irrigation tape in the step (2) adopts a laying mode of 2 rows and 1 drip irrigation tape, the distance between capillaries is 90cm, and the flow rate of the drippers is 1.8-2.6L/h.
Preferably, the mulching film in the step (2) comprises 2.5-3 kg/mu of sprayed liquid mulching film.
Preferably, after the film covering in the step (2), irrigation, additional fertilization, weeding, mowing and seed collection are further included.
Preferably, the single irrigation quantity of the irrigation is 15-20 m per mu3The total amount of the drip irrigation is 320-380 m per mu3
The top dressing comprises 1 time of top dressing in a tuber-free period, 2 times of top dressing in an initial tuber period and 3 times of top dressing in a full tuber period;
the fertilizer is applied along with water during each topdressing, and the total amount of 6 topdresses is as follows: 25-30 kg/mu of urea, 15-20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 7 kg/mu of potassium fulvate.
The invention provides a method for planting cyperus esculentus in an extremely arid sand-blown area, which solves the problems that cyperus esculentus is damaged by sand wind in the early growth stage and seedlings are difficult to survive from the aspects of soil preparation, base fertilizer, sowing, pipe distribution and film covering. By applying the planting method disclosed by the invention, the cyperus esculentus plant height, the forage grass yield and the tuber yield can be obviously improved. Meanwhile, the cyperus esculentus can effectively inhibit the sand and wind migration on the ground surface after being mature, and reduce the risk of wind erosion. If underground tubers are not harvested and forage grass is mainly obtained, the oil sand beans still can germinate and grow in the spring of the second year after withering in autumn, and the protective effect on wind and sand damage can be achieved all the time.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cyperus esculentus planting method in an extremely arid windy desert area, which comprises the following steps: taking an area capable of implementing drip irrigation in an extremely arid wind-sand area as a planting land, and carrying out rotary tillage to soil preparation after applying a base fertilizer;
(2) sowing cyperus esculentus seeds in the middle ten days of the 4 th month to the last 6 th month of the year, laying a drip irrigation tape and covering a film; the sowing amount of the cyperus esculentus seeds is 8-12 kg/mu, the sowing depth is 4-5 cm, and the row spacing is 30 cm.
The invention takes the area which can carry out drip irrigation in the extreme drought wind sand area as the planting land, and carries out rotary tillage and soil preparation after applying base fertilizer. In the extreme drought and wind-sand area, the drought area is divided according to a drought index, the drought index is an index reflecting the drought degree of the climate, and is generally defined as the ratio of the annual evaporation capacity to the annual precipitation, namely: r is E0/P, wherein r is drought index; e0 is annual evaporation capacity, and is usually replaced by E-601 water surface evaporation capacity, mm; p is annual precipitation, mm. When r <1.0, the evaporation capacity of the area is smaller than the precipitation amount, the area is in a humid climate, when r >1.0, the evaporation capacity exceeds the precipitation amount, the area is biased to be dry, and the larger r, the more the evaporation capacity exceeds the precipitation amount, the more severe the drying degree is.
In the embodiment of the invention, a Jiya county-village new village in Xinjiang and Tian is taken as a test field, the south edge of a Takraima dry desert in the region belongs to a warm-zone continental desert climate, the annual average temperature is 13.1 ℃, the whole year is dry and rainless, the average relative humidity is 41%, the annual sunshine hours is 2662h, the annual average precipitation is 30mm, the annual average evaporation capacity is 2600mm, and the drought index r can reach 87, so that the test field belongs to an extremely arid region. The annual average sand storm day of the area is more than 200 days, the annual average floating dust weather reaches 263 days, the sand storm frequency is 10.3-34.9 days, and the sand storm activity is frequent. The region of the present invention preferably includes a desertified or newly reclaimed sandy land.
The base fertilizer application preferably comprises applying 1.0-1.5 tons of farmyard manure, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of humic acid and 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu of base fertilizer. After the base fertilizer is applied, the soil is ploughed and prepared in a rotary mode, and the depth of the rotary tillage is not less than 20 cm. The rotary tillage is preferably carried out for 2 times before the sowing, the cyperus esculentus is a fibrous root system crop, and the rotary tillage is favorable for root system growth and rapid formation and development of underground tubers.
Sowing cyperus esculentus seeds in the middle ten days of the current year from 4 months to 6 months, laying a drip irrigation tape and covering a film; the sowing amount of the cyperus esculentus seeds is 8-12 kg/mu, the sowing depth is 4-5 cm, and the row spacing is 30 cm.
In the sowing process, different sowing amounts are preferably utilized in different months, such as 8 kg/mu in the middle and last ten days of 4 months and 10-12 kg/mu in the 5-6 months. The cyperus esculentus seeds of the invention preferably further comprise a pretreatment before sowing, wherein the pretreatment comprises: and soaking the seeds in water for 48-72 hours to improve the germination rate of the seeds. The sowing method is not specially limited, machine strip-shaped sowing is preferably adopted, and in the sowing process, the row spacing of 30cm can improve the capability of blocking wind and sand erosion by the plants, so that the population expansion is facilitated; in addition, the illumination in the extreme drought wind-blown sand area is strong, the influence of the shielding effect generated by the increase of the population density of the cyperus esculentus on the growth of individuals is small, and the plant height, the forage grass yield, the tuber yield and the root biomass of the cyperus esculentus are all maximized under the treatment of 30cm row spacing.
According to the method, drip irrigation tapes are laid and covered with films after the sowing, the laying mode of 2 rows of 1 drip irrigation tape is preferably adopted, the distance between capillary tubes is 90cm, and the flow rate of drippers is 1.8-2.6L/h. The film covering method preferably comprises the step of spraying the liquid mulching film for 2.5-3 kg/mu, and the spraying effect is the best in 4-5 months.
After the film is coated, the method preferably further comprises irrigation, additional fertilizer, weeding, mowing and seed collection. The method is characterized in that dry seeding and wet seeding are preferably adopted during seeding, sufficient moisture water is dripped after seeding, drip irrigation frequency is timely dripped according to weather conditions, and the single irrigation quota is 15-20 m per mu3The total amount of the drip irrigation is controlled to be 320-380 m per mu3. The top dressing of the invention is preferably applied with water for 6 times, namely 1 top dressing in a tuber-free period, 2 top dressings in an initial tuber period and 3 top dressings in a full tuber period, wherein the total amount of the 6 top dressings is as follows: 25-30 kg/mu of urea, 15-20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 7 kg/mu of potassium fulvate.
The invention preferably needs to weed regularly during the growth of the cyperus esculentus, and particularly prevents the reeds from regrowing. The mowing of the invention preferably comprises: the cyperus esculentus is planted for the purpose of harvesting the fruit tubers, and the cutting frequency is not too high; when the cyperus esculentus is planted for harvesting pasture, 1-2 times of mowing can be carried out according to growth conditions. The seed collection of the invention preferably comprises the steps of collecting seeds when the seeds are fully ripe from the end of 9 months to the middle of 10 months in the year, screening the collected seeds, removing mechanical damage, diseases and mildewing, leaving the seeds with full grains, fully airing, storing at normal temperature, and carrying out moisture-proof treatment.
The method for planting cyperus esculentus in an extremely arid aeolian desert provided by the invention is described in detail by combining the following examples, but the method cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method takes a Jiyaxiang-reunion new village in Xinjiang and Tian city as a test field, the south edge of the Takrama dry desert in the area belongs to a continental desert climate in a warm temperature zone, the annual average temperature is 13.1 ℃, the whole year is arid and rainless, the annual average precipitation is 30mm, the annual average evaporation rate is 2600mm, the average relative humidity is 41%, and the annual sunshine duration is 2662 h. The area is newly reclaimed desert land, and the soil type is aeolian sandy soil.
Land preparation: selecting desertification degraded land capable of implementing drip irrigation or newly reclaimed sand land as planting land, and carrying out rotary tillage 2 times before sowing, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 30 cm;
base fertilizer application: before rotary tillage, applying 1.5 tons of farmyard manure, 20kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of humic acid and 20kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to each mu of base;
sowing steps: sowing the seeds from the bottom of 5 months in the year, and soaking the seeds for 48 hours before sowing. Sowing in a strip mode by adopting a machine, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 12kg, the using amount is calculated by dry seeds, the sowing depth is 4-5 cm, and the row spacing is 30 cm;
arranging a dropper belt: laying drip irrigation pipes on the selected land, adopting a laying mode of 2 rows and 1 drip irrigation tape, wherein the distance between capillary pipes is 90cm, and the flow rate of drippers is 2.3L/h;
spraying a liquid mulching film: after the drip irrigation tape is laid, 2.5-3 kg of liquid mulching film is sprayed per mu, and the spraying effect is optimal after the liquid mulching film is sowed at the bottom of 5 months.
Irrigation step: wet sowing is adopted, sufficient moist water is dripped after sowing, drip irrigation is carried out at proper time according to weather conditions, and the single irrigation quota is 15-20 m per mu3The total amount of the drip irrigation is controlled to be 320-380 m per mu3
And (3) topdressing step: 25kg of urea, 20kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 7kg of potassium fulvate are applied to each mu of land. The application is carried out in 6 times along with water in equal amount, namely 1 time in the tuber-free period, 2 times in the initial period of the tuber and 3 times in the full-growth period of the tuber;
weeding: in the process of growing cyperus esculentus, regular weeding is needed, and particularly, the reeds are prevented from growing again;
and (4) mowing: the cyperus esculentus is planted with the aim of harvesting fruits, and the mowing frequency is not too high. And (3) planting the cyperus esculentus aiming at harvesting the forage grass, and mowing for 1-2 times according to the growth condition.
Seed collection: and (4) harvesting the seeds when the seeds are fully mature from the bottom of 9 months to the middle of 10 months, screening the harvested seeds, removing mechanical damage, diseases and mildewed seeds, leaving the seeds with full grains, fully airing, storing at normal temperature, and performing moisture-proof treatment.
Comparative example 1
The same parameters as in example 1 were used except that the row spacing for the cyperus esculentus was 60 cm.
Comparative example 2
The parameters were the same as in example 1 except that the row spacing for the cyperus esculentus was 90 cm.
Comparative example 3
The same parameters as in example 1 were used except that the row spacing for the cyperus esculentus was 120 cm.
The planting of the examples and comparative examples 1-3 were performed separately, and the experimental results were counted after harvesting, with specific results as shown in table 1: the cyperus esculentus of the embodiment has the maximum plant height, forage grass yield, tuber yield and root system biomass.
TABLE 1 influence of the examples and comparative examples 1 to 3 on the growth and yield of Cyperus esculentus
Figure BDA0003086426430000061
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for planting cyperus esculentus in an extremely arid windy desert area is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) taking an area capable of implementing drip irrigation in an extremely arid wind-sand area as a planting land, applying a base fertilizer, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(2) sowing cyperus esculentus seeds in the middle ten days of the 4 th month to the last 6 th month of the year, laying a drip irrigation tape and covering a film; the sowing amount of the cyperus esculentus seeds is 8-12 kg/mu, the sowing depth is 4-5 cm, and the row spacing is 30 cm.
2. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein the area of step (1) comprises a desertified or newly reclaimed sandy land.
3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer application in the step (1) comprises applying 1.0-1.5 tons of farmyard manure, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of humic acid and 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu of base fertilizer.
4. The planting method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the soil is prepared by rotary tillage after the base fertilizer is applied in the step (1), and the depth of the rotary tillage is not less than 20 cm.
5. The method for planting according to claim 1, wherein the cyperus esculentus seeds of step (2) further comprise a pretreatment before sowing, the pretreatment comprising: soaking the seeds in water for 48-72 h.
6. The planting method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the sowing amount of the cyperus esculentus seeds in the step (2) is 8 kg/mu in the middle and last ten days of 4 months and 10-12 kg/mu in 5-6 months.
7. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation tapes in the step (2) are laid in a mode of 2 rows and 1 strip drip irrigation tapes, the distance between capillary tubes is 90cm, and the flow rate of drippers is 1.8-2.6L/h.
8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the mulching in the step (2) comprises spraying 2.5-3 kg/mu of liquid mulching film.
9. The planting method according to claim 1 or 8, further comprising irrigating, topdressing, weeding, mowing and seed collecting after the mulching in step (2).
10. The planting method according to claim 9, wherein the single irrigation amount of the irrigation is 15-20 m per mu3The total amount of the drip irrigation is 320-380 m per mu3
The top dressing comprises 1 time of top dressing in a tuber-free period, 2 times of top dressing in an initial tuber stage and 3 times of top dressing in a full tuber stage;
the fertilizer is applied along with water during each topdressing; the total amount of 6 applications is: 25-30 kg/mu of urea, 15-20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 7 kg/mu of potassium fulvate.
CN202110583623.6A 2021-05-27 2021-05-27 Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandy area Pending CN113179872A (en)

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CN113892409A (en) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-07 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 High-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid region
CN114271162A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-04-05 吉林省农业科学院 Band-shaped interval harvesting method for cyperus esculentus
CN114617036A (en) * 2022-04-01 2022-06-14 石河子大学 Planting method for increasing coarse fat content and diameter of tuber of cyperus esculentus
CN115039647A (en) * 2022-04-01 2022-09-13 石河子大学 Water and fertilizer management method for high-yield planting of cyperus esculentus in aeolian sandy soil
CN115119702A (en) * 2022-07-07 2022-09-30 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Tigeria esculenta no-tillage fertilizing planting method in windy and sandy semi-arid region
CN115581180A (en) * 2022-09-09 2023-01-10 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandstorm region

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113892409A (en) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-07 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 High-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid region
CN114271162A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-04-05 吉林省农业科学院 Band-shaped interval harvesting method for cyperus esculentus
CN114617036A (en) * 2022-04-01 2022-06-14 石河子大学 Planting method for increasing coarse fat content and diameter of tuber of cyperus esculentus
CN115039647A (en) * 2022-04-01 2022-09-13 石河子大学 Water and fertilizer management method for high-yield planting of cyperus esculentus in aeolian sandy soil
CN115119702A (en) * 2022-07-07 2022-09-30 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Tigeria esculenta no-tillage fertilizing planting method in windy and sandy semi-arid region
CN115581180A (en) * 2022-09-09 2023-01-10 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandstorm region

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