CN107652106B - Leaf fertilizer capable of effectively increasing boron content of flue-cured tobacco, preparation method and application method - Google Patents
Leaf fertilizer capable of effectively increasing boron content of flue-cured tobacco, preparation method and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107652106B CN107652106B CN201711210251.2A CN201711210251A CN107652106B CN 107652106 B CN107652106 B CN 107652106B CN 201711210251 A CN201711210251 A CN 201711210251A CN 107652106 B CN107652106 B CN 107652106B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/10—Fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco, a preparation method and an application method thereof, wherein the preparation of the foliar fertilizer mainly comprises the following components: borax, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, fulvic acid, auxin, chelating agent, cosolvent, surfactant and water. The invention can lead the flue-cured tobacco leaf to efficiently adsorb the boron fertilizer, improve the absorption efficiency, effectively improve the related diseases caused by boron deficiency of the flue-cured tobacco and improve the flexibility of the tobacco leaf. Meanwhile, the fertilizer contains organic, inorganic and trace elements, organic combination among nutrients can promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco and the balance of nutrients, and the fertilizer is low in cost and has important significance for improving the quality and the economic benefit of tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a leaf fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco, and a preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
Boron is an essential element for crop growth. Most cultivated soil in China is boron-deficient, and particularly in acid soil regions in the south, due to the fact that the soil is wet and rainy all the year round, the boron leaching loss in the soil is large, and the phenomenon of boron deficiency is common. Factors influencing the effectiveness of boron in soil mainly comprise texture, clay type, element interaction and the like, and boron deficiency can be caused by heavy soil, high-calcium soil or fields with a large amount of potassium fertilizer.
Flue-cured tobacco belongs to crops with moderate boron demand, and boron is mainly present in cell walls and participates in the synthesis of cell walls, nucleic acid and protein, the transportation of carbohydrate, growth regulation reaction and the like. When the tobacco plant is lack of boron, the stem and the petiole are brittle and easy to break, water-soaked spots appear on the leaf, the cell membrane permeability is increased, the photosynthetic capacity is reduced, the growth of the tobacco plant and the sugar-alkali metabolism are obviously hindered, and the quality of the tobacco leaf is seriously influenced.
The phenomenon that the boron content of tobacco leaves is lower (less than or equal to 20 mg/kg) is often encountered in the production of flue-cured tobacco. On one hand, the tobacco planting soil is easy to be fixed by soil and has less available boron due to low boron content and effectiveness in the tobacco planting soil; on the other hand, more nitrogen, potassium and other major element fertilizers are applied in the early growth stage of the flue-cured tobacco, the nitrogen/boron, potassium/boron and calcium/boron ratios in rhizosphere soil are larger, and the boron absorption of the flue-cured tobacco is inhibited. Because the demand range of the flue-cured tobacco on boron is relatively narrow, the boron is released slowly after being applied to soil, and the boron fertilizer is applied in a large amount, so that the aim of efficiently supplementing the boron fertilizer is difficult to achieve, the absorption of nitrogen and potassium is inhibited, the fertilizer waste is caused, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is reduced.
Therefore, how to reasonably apply the boron fertilizer in a vast tobacco area to improve the boron content of the tobacco leaves and simultaneously benefit the maintenance of sugar and alkali levels of the tobacco leaves is a technical problem which needs to be solved in the production of the flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the research and development of a leaf fertilizer and an application method capable of effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco are important strategies for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a leaf fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco, a preparation method of the leaf fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of the flue-cured tobacco, and an application method of the leaf fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of the flue-cured tobacco.
The first purpose of the invention is realized by that the foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.0-5.0 per mill of borax, 1.0-3.0 per mill of boric acid, 0.5-1.0 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3-0.5 per mill of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3 per mill of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.5 per mill of fulvic acid, 0.05-0.08 per mill of plant growth hormone, 0.1-0.3 per mill of chelating agent, 0.2-0.4 per mill of cosolvent, 0.1-0.3 per mill of surfactant and the balance of water.
The second object of the present invention is achieved by comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing aqueous solution from borax, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate according to the formula proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly to form solution A;
(2) then dissolving the auxin, the fulvic acid and the chelating agent in the formula ratio in water in sequence, stirring uniformly, and then adding the cosolvent to fully dissolve the auxin, the fulvic acid and the chelating agent to form a solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, adding a surfactant, and fully dissolving;
(4) and (4) adjusting the pH value of the solution obtained in the step (3) to be between 5.8 and 6.5 by using an alkali solution to obtain the catalyst.
The third purpose of the invention is realized by taking the foliar fertilizer 35-45 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, carrying out foliar atomization spraying by using a sprayer for 2 times at intervals of 7-10 days, wherein the tobacco field in which the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted is a tobacco field with the effective boron content of less than or equal to 0.20 mg/kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a leaf fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco based on the nutrient requirement and absorption rule of flue-cured tobacco, and a preparation method and an application method thereof, and the leaf fertilizer can improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of the flue-cured tobacco to boron fertilizer, maintain the boron level in tobacco leaves and improve the flexibility of the tobacco leaves.
2. The foliar fertilizer has good stability and spreadability, does not generate obvious inhibition effect among various nutrients, can promote and absorb the nutrients in a synergistic way, has high nutrient utilization efficiency, can promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco and the nutrient balance of tobacco plants, and effectively improves various diseases caused by insufficient boron supply.
3. The leaf fertilizer has low cost and obvious effect after application, improves the economic benefit of tobacco leaves, promotes the income increase of tobacco growers, and is suitable for wide tobacco areas with insufficient soil boron supply. The spraying time is selected to effectively delay the air drying speed of the fog drops on the leaf surfaces.
4. The foliar fertilizer uses agricultural borax and boric acid as main components, the agricultural borax and the boric acid are matched and applied, the concentration of the agricultural borax and the boric acid is proper, and the low-concentration monopotassium phosphate added into the foliar fertilizer can effectively prevent possible potassium imbalance caused by insufficient potassium transportation due to the fact that a large amount of boron is absorbed by leaves; ferrous sulfate can partially compensate the phenomenon of blocked photosynthesis and metabolism of flue-cured tobacco caused by boron deficiency, and manganese sulfate can relieve related diseases caused by boron deficiency; the auxin (sodium naphthalene acetate) can relieve the growth inhibition phenomenon caused by the inhibition of the boron deficiency of the stem tip and the root tip, stimulate and promote the growth; the fulvic acid is an organic acid, can promote growth and improve the stress resistance of tobacco plants, has a strong inorganic element complexing function, is beneficial to efficient absorption of nutrients, and relieves symptoms caused by lack of nutrients; the chelating agent (EDTA) has stronger complexing and ion exchange functions, can chelate elements such as Fe, Mn and the like in the leaf fertilizer, and promotes the absorption of the leaf surface of the flue-cured tobacco; the cosolvent (glycerol) can play a good effect of helping dissolution and stabilizing, has the functions of diffusion and permeation, can promote the permeation and diffusion of various nutrient elements on the leaf surfaces of the flue-cured tobaccos, and improves the absorption efficiency; the surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) is easy to be compounded with various additives, so that the tension of the foliar fertilizer is improved, better spreading and dispersing effects are achieved, and the absorption of various nutrients by the tobacco leaves is promoted.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.0-5.0 per mill of borax, 1.0-3.0 per mill of boric acid, 0.5-1.0 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3-0.5 per mill of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3 per mill of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.5 per mill of fulvic acid, 0.05-0.08 per mill of plant growth hormone, 0.1-0.3 per mill of chelating agent, 0.2-0.4 per mill of cosolvent, 0.1-0.3 per mill of surfactant and the balance of water.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.5-4.5 per mill of borax, 1.5-2.5 per mill of boric acid, 0.65-0.85 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 0.35-0.45 per mill of ferrous sulfate, 0.15-0.25 per mill of manganese sulfate, 0.30-0.40 per mill of fulvic acid, 0.06-0.07 per mill of plant growth hormone, 0.15-0.25 per mill of chelating agent, 0.25-0.35 per mill of cosolvent, 0.15-0.25 per mill of surfactant and the balance of water.
Most preferably, the foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: borax 4.0%, boric acid 2.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.75%, ferrous sulfate 0.40%, manganese sulfate 0.20%, fulvic acid 0.35%, auxin 0.065%, chelating agent 0.20%, cosolvent 0.30%, surfactant 0.20%, and water in balance.
The borax is agricultural borax, and the purity is more than or equal to 98%; the purity of the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the purity of the auxin is more than or equal to 98 percent.
The auxin is sodium naphthalene acetate, the chelating agent is EDTA, the cosolvent is glycerol, and the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing aqueous solution from borax, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate according to the formula proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly to form solution A;
(2) then dissolving the auxin, the fulvic acid and the chelating agent in the formula ratio in water in sequence, stirring uniformly, and then adding the cosolvent to fully dissolve the auxin, the fulvic acid and the chelating agent to form a solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, adding a surfactant, and fully dissolving;
(4) and (4) adjusting the pH value of the solution obtained in the step (3) to be between 5.8 and 6.5 by using an alkali solution to obtain the catalyst.
The flue-cured tobacco variety is K326.
The alkali solution in the step (4) is a NaOH solution with the concentration of 1 mol/L.
The application method of the foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the steps of taking the foliar fertilizer 35-45 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, carrying out foliar atomization spraying by using a sprayer for 2 times at intervals of 7-10 days, wherein the tobacco field in which the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted is a tobacco field with the effective boron content of less than or equal to 0.20 mg/kg.
The atomizing and spraying on the leaf surface is to select 10 points before and 5 points after cloudy or sunny days, adjust a sprayer nozzle into fine mist, spray holes are consistent with the wind direction, and spray on the front side and the back side until the leaf surface is moist but does not drip.
Example 1
A foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.5 per mill of agricultural borax, 2.5 per mill of boric acid, 0.70 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 0.30 per mill of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 per mill of manganese sulfate, 0.40 per mill of fulvic acid, 0.06 per mill of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.25 per mill of EDTA, 0.35 per mill of glycerol, 0.10 per mill of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing aqueous solution from agricultural borax, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate according to the formula proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly to form solution A;
(2) sequentially adding sodium naphthalene acetate, fulvic acid and EDTA in the formula ratio into water, uniformly stirring, and adding glycerol to fully dissolve the components to form solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, and fully dissolving;
(4) and (3) adjusting the pH value of the solution to 6.2 by using NaOH (1 mol/L) to obtain a finished product.
The application method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the foliar fertilizer, spraying the foliar fertilizer by using an agricultural sprayer in an atomizing manner on the foliar surface 38 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times at an interval of 7 days.
Example 2
A foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.0 per mill of borax, 3.0 per mill of boric acid, 0.65 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 0.45 per mill of ferrous sulfate, 0.25 per mill of manganese sulfate, 0.2 per mill of fulvic acid, 0.07 per mill of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.30 per mill of EDTA, 0.20 per mill of glycerol, 0.30 per mill of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing borax, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate into an aqueous solution according to the proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly to form a solution A;
(2) sequentially adding sodium naphthalene acetate, fulvic acid and EDTA in corresponding proportion into water, stirring uniformly, and adding glycerol to fully dissolve the sodium naphthalene acetate, fulvic acid and EDTA to form solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, and fully dissolving;
(4) and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 5.8 by using NaOH (1 mol/L) to obtain a finished product.
The application method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the foliar fertilizer, spraying the foliar fertilizer by using an agricultural sprayer for foliar atomization 45 days after flue-cured tobacco transplantation, spraying for 2 times totally, and spacing for 10 days.
Example 3
A foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5.0 thousandth of agricultural borax, 1.0 thousandth of boric acid, 1.0 thousandth of monopotassium phosphate, 0.50 thousandth of ferrous sulfate, 0.15 thousandth of manganese sulfate, 0.30 thousandth of fulvic acid, 0.05 thousandth of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.10 thousandth of EDTA, 0.40 thousandth of glycerol, 0.25 thousandth of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing agricultural borax, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate into an aqueous solution according to the proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly to form a solution A;
(2) sequentially adding sodium naphthalene acetate, fulvic acid and EDTA in corresponding proportion into water, stirring uniformly, and adding glycerol to fully dissolve the sodium naphthalene acetate, fulvic acid and EDTA to form solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, and fully dissolving;
(4) the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 6.5 by NaOH (1 mol/L) to obtain a finished product.
The application method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: and taking the foliar fertilizer, spraying the foliar fertilizer by using an agricultural sprayer for foliar atomization 35 days after flue-cured tobacco transplantation, spraying for 2 times totally and spacing for 9 days.
Example 4
A foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4.0 per mill of agricultural borax, 2.0 per mill of boric acid, 0.75 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 0.40 per mill of ferrous sulfate, 0.20 per mill of manganese sulfate, 0.35 per mill of fulvic acid, 0.065 per mill of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.20 per mill of EDTA, 0.30 per mill of glycerol, 0.20 per mill of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and the balance of water.
The preparation of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing agricultural borax, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate into an aqueous solution according to the proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly to form a solution A;
(2) sequentially adding sodium naphthalene acetate, fulvic acid and EDTA in corresponding proportion into water, stirring uniformly, and adding glycerol to fully dissolve the sodium naphthalene acetate, fulvic acid and EDTA to form solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, and fully dissolving;
(4) and (3) adjusting the pH value of the solution to 6.0 by using NaOH (1 mol/L) to obtain a finished product.
The purity of the agricultural borax is more than or equal to 98 percent; the purity of the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the purity of the auxin is more than or equal to 98 percent.
The application method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the foliar fertilizer, spraying the foliar fertilizer by using an agricultural sprayer for foliar atomization 40 days after flue-cured tobacco transplantation, spraying for 2 times totally and at an interval of 8 days. The atomizing and spraying on the leaf surfaces is to select that before 10 points on a sunny day, a sprayer nozzle is adjusted to be in a fine mist shape, spray holes are consistent with the wind direction, and spraying is carried out on the front side and the back side until the leaf surfaces are moist but do not drip.
Example 5
A foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: borax 4.5 per mill, boric acid 1.5 per mill, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 per mill, ferrous sulfate 0.35 per mill, manganese sulfate 0.3 per mill, fulvic acid 0.5 per mill, auxin 0.08 per mill, chelating agent 0.15 per mill, cosolvent 0.25 per mill, surfactant 0.15 per mill, and water in balance. The borax is agricultural borax, and the purity is more than or equal to 98%; the purity of the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the purity of the auxin is more than or equal to 98 percent. The auxin is sodium naphthalene acetate, the chelating agent is EDTA, the cosolvent is glycerol, and the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing aqueous solution from borax, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate according to the formula proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly to form solution A;
(2) then dissolving the auxin, the fulvic acid and the chelating agent in the formula ratio in water in sequence, stirring uniformly, and then adding the cosolvent to fully dissolve the auxin, the fulvic acid and the chelating agent to form a solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, adding a surfactant, and fully dissolving;
(4) and (4) adjusting the pH value of the solution obtained in the step (3) to be between 5.8 and 6.5 by using an alkali solution to obtain the catalyst.
The flue-cured tobacco variety is K326. The alkali solution in the step (4) is a NaOH solution with the concentration of 1 mol/L.
The application method of the foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the steps of taking the foliar fertilizer 35-45 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, carrying out foliar atomization spraying by using a sprayer for 2 times at intervals of 7-10 days, wherein the tobacco field in which the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted is a tobacco field with the effective boron content of less than or equal to 0.20 mg/kg. The atomizing and spraying on the leaf surfaces is to select that after 5 points in cloudy days, a sprayer nozzle is adjusted to be fine mist, spray holes are consistent with the wind direction, and the spraying is carried out on the front side and the back side until the leaf surfaces are moist but do not drip.
Test example 1-Effect of different boron fertilizer application methods on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco
Test materials: the test group was tobacco plants obtained by the boron fertilizer application method described in example 4, and the control group was tobacco plants obtained by the conventional boron fertilizer application method and field management in the art.
The test method comprises the following steps:
in the spring and street corselet villages in the Hongta area of Yuxi city, a field block with boron deficiency (less than or equal to 0.20 mg/kg) is selected to be provided with a test group and a field plot test of a control group. Seedling raising, transplanting, fertilizing and the like are carried out according to the production mode of high-quality tobacco leaves in Yuxi city. Transplanting tobacco seedlings in 2017 in 4 months and 14 days, and performing film uncovering and hilling in 5 months and 20 days. The test mainly investigates the following items:
(1) observing agronomic characters of different groups of flue-cured tobacco plant heights, stem girth, effective leaf number, maximum waist leaf length, maximum waist leaf width and the like 40 days after the flue-cured tobacco is planted and after the flue-cured tobacco is sprayed (70 days after the flue-cured tobacco is planted);
(2) investigating and determining the SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and other photosynthetic parameters of different groups of flue-cured tobaccos 40 days after the flue-cured tobaccos are planted and 70 days after the flue-cured tobaccos are planted;
(3) after the tobacco leaves are collected and roasted, investigating and measuring the yield and the grade of the flue-cured tobacco of different groups, and calculating the tobacco leaf yield value according to the current purchasing price;
(4) samples of each group of C3F grades (middle tobacco leaves) are collected, and the physical properties (flexibility) and the main chemical components of the tobacco leaves are measured.
And (3) test results:
table 1: agronomic characters of overground parts of flue-cured tobaccos in different treatment groups
As can be seen from Table 1, the tobacco plants in the control group and the test group had little difference in the value of the agronomic performance indexes such as plant height, stem circumference, leaf number, maximum leaf length and leaf width at 40 days after planting (before fertilizer dressing); after the test group is sprayed twice and investigated (70 days after planting), the plant height of the test group is increased by 3.7cm compared with that of a control group, the stem circumference is slightly increased, the effective leaf number is increased by 0.9, the area of each plant leaf is increased by 0.11 square meter, the maximum leaf length and leaf width are also increased, and the tobacco plants in the test group are superior to those in the control group in various indexes of agronomic characters. The test group applies the boron-containing foliar fertilizer to relieve the low boron stress of the tobacco plants, promote the coordination of the nutrients of the tobacco plants and facilitate the growth and development of the tobacco plants.
Table 2: SPAD value and photosynthetic parameter of flue-cured tobacco of different treatment groups
Note: the SPAD values in the table are the average values of the SPAD measurements of 2, 4, 6 and 8 blades; photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2The units of concentration are respectively μmol. m2·s-1、g·m-2·h-1，mmol·m-2·s-1、μmol·mol-1.
As can be seen from Table 2, the average SPAD of the tobacco leaf of the control group and the tobacco leaf of the test group are about 39 at 40 days after planting (before fertilizer dressing), and the photosynthesis parameters such as the photosynthesis rate and the like are not greatly different; the SPAD value of the tobacco plant leaves of the test group reaches 45.6 which is higher than that of the control group by 70 days after the cultivation (after the tobacco plant leaves are sprayed twice); the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, etc. were also significantly higher than the control group. The nutrient of tobacco plants is more coordinated after the boron-containing foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the growth of the tobacco plants and the synthesis of chlorophyll are promoted, and the photosynthetic capacity of leaves is enhanced.
Table 3: yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco of different treatment groups
As can be seen from Table 3, the tobacco grade of the test group is higher than that of the control group (the first-class tobacco ratio is higher than that of the control group by more than 5 percent, and the upper-medium tobacco ratio is higher than that of the control group by more than 4 percent), and the yield is higher than that of the control group by 122.9 kg/hm2The average price is slightly higher than that of the control group, and the final yield is higher than that of the control group of 3129.5 yuan/hm2Amounting to 208.6 yuan per mu. The results show that the application of the boron-containing foliar fertilizer promotes the growth of tobacco plants and the improvement of biomass, the nutrients of the tobacco leaves tend to be more balanced, and the appearance color of the tobacco leaves is obviously improved. The yield of the tobacco leaves after the collection and the baking is increased, the grade is improved, and the yield value is also improved.
Table 4: physical characteristics of middle leaves of flue-cured tobaccos in different treatment groups
As can be seen from Table 4, the thickness of the tobacco leaves (C3F) in the middle of the test group is about 17 μm higher than that of the control group, the weight of a single leaf is increased by about 2g, the leaf surface density is slightly increased, the tensile force is increased by about 30% compared with that of the control group, the elongation, the softness and the like are also obviously improved, and the physical properties of the tobacco leaves in the test group are better and the flexibility of the tobacco leaves is obviously improved. The reason is that after the boron-containing foliar fertilizer is applied in a boron-deficient state, the improvement of the boron content of the tobacco promotes the improvement of the ductility and toughness of the tobacco.
Table 5: chemical composition of middle leaves of flue-cured tobaccos in different treatment groups
As can be seen from table 5, the chemical composition of the middle leaf of the test group is more consistent: the content of total sugar and reducing sugar is improved by about 4 percent, the content of total nitrogen and nicotine is in the content range of high-quality middle tobacco leaves, the content of potassium oxide in the tobacco leaves is obviously improved, the content of total boron is improved to 31.65mg/kg from 16.93mg/kg in a boron deficiency state, the improvement is nearly 1 time, and the content of boron in the tobacco leaves is in a reasonable range. The boron-deficiency phenomenon of tobacco plants caused by insufficient boron supply of soil is obviously improved by spraying the boron-containing foliar fertilizer, and the chemical components of the tobacco leaves tend to be more coordinated.
Analysis of the different treatment groups on fertilizer and human input showed that: the boron fertilizer sprayed twice in the test group is only about 800g (calculated by mu, the same below), the use amounts of monopotassium phosphate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, fulvic acid, a surfactant, auxin, a cosolvent and a chelating agent are less, the cost is reduced to about 80 yuan, the labor cost is reduced to about 30 yuan, and the total cost is reduced to about 110 yuan. The conventional fertilization mode of the control group needs to apply 5-10 kg/mu of borax to the roots during transplanting, which is reduced to about 30 yuan, and the yield value is 208.6 yuan lower than that of the test group. Through comprehensive analysis, the benefit of the test group is increased by about 130 yuan/mu compared with the control group. Not only does not increase the production cost of the flue-cured tobacco, but also improves the economic benefit of the tobacco.
From the test example 1, the invention can effectively improve the boron deficiency symptom of the flue-cured tobacco caused by insufficient boron supply in soil, improve the flexibility of the tobacco leaves, effectively improve the boron content in the flue-cured tobacco leaves, promote the growth of the flue-cured tobacco and the nutrition balance of tobacco plants, improve the economic benefit of the tobacco leaves, promote the income increase of tobacco growers, and has obvious effect and low cost.
Claims (9)
1. The foliar fertilizer for effectively improving the boron content of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.0-5.0 per mill of borax, 1.0-3.0 per mill of boric acid, 0.5-1.0 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3-0.5 per mill of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3 per mill of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.5 per mill of fulvic acid, 0.05-0.08 per mill of plant growth hormone, 0.1-0.3 per mill of chelating agent, 0.2-0.4 per mill of cosolvent, 0.1-0.3 per mill of surfactant and the balance of water; the auxin is sodium naphthalene acetate, the chelating agent is EDTA, the cosolvent is glycerol, and the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; the pH value of the foliar fertilizer is 5.8 to 6.5, and the foliar fertilizer is suitable for tobacco fields with effective boron content less than or equal to 0.20 mg/kg.
2. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 3.5-4.5 per mill of borax, 1.5-2.5 per mill of boric acid, 0.65-0.85 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 0.35-0.45 per mill of ferrous sulfate, 0.15-0.25 per mill of manganese sulfate, 0.30-0.40 per mill of fulvic acid, 0.06-0.07 per mill of plant growth hormone, 0.15-0.25 per mill of chelating agent, 0.25-0.35 per mill of cosolvent, 0.15-0.25 per mill of surfactant and the balance of water.
3. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: borax 4.0%, boric acid 2.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.75%, ferrous sulfate 0.40%, manganese sulfate 0.20%, fulvic acid 0.35%, auxin 0.065%, chelating agent 0.20%, cosolvent 0.30%, surfactant 0.20%, and water in balance.
4. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the borax is agricultural borax, the purity is more than or equal to 98%; the purity of the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the purity of the auxin is more than or equal to 98 percent.
5. Foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the variety of flue-cured tobacco is K326.
6. A process for the preparation of a foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 which comprises the steps of:
(1) preparing aqueous solution from borax, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate according to the formula proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly to form solution A;
(2) then dissolving the auxin, the fulvic acid and the chelating agent in the formula ratio in water in sequence, stirring uniformly, and then adding the cosolvent to fully dissolve the auxin, the fulvic acid and the chelating agent to form a solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, adding a surfactant, and fully dissolving;
(4) and (4) adjusting the pH value of the solution obtained in the step (3) to be between 5.8 and 6.5 by using an alkali solution to obtain the catalyst.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the alkali solution in the step (4) is a 1mol/L NaOH solution.
8. The application method of the foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the application method is to take the foliar fertilizer to spray foliar surface atomizing spray for 2 times with a sprayer 35-45 days after flue-cured tobacco transplantation, with an interval of 7-10 days, and the tobacco field in which the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted is a tobacco field with effective boron content less than or equal to 0.20 mg/kg.
9. The foliar fertilizer application method according to claim 8, wherein the foliar spray is specifically carried out by adjusting a sprayer nozzle into a fine mist state until the foliar surface is moist but does not drip water, with the spray holes being aligned with the wind direction, and spraying on the front and back sides, before or after 10 o 'clock or 5 o' clock on a cloudy or sunny day.
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| CN104945170A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-09-30 | 郑州大学 | Liquid foliar fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106518457A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-03-22 | 云南天禾地生物科技股份有限公司 | Foliar fertilizer capable of promoting layered yellowing of flue-cured tobacco and preparation method foliar fertilizer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104945170A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-09-30 | 郑州大学 | Liquid foliar fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106518457A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-03-22 | 云南天禾地生物科技股份有限公司 | Foliar fertilizer capable of promoting layered yellowing of flue-cured tobacco and preparation method foliar fertilizer |
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| Title |
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| 高硼植烟土壤对烤烟生长发育的影响及其钾肥调控措施;谭小兵，等;《南方农业学报》;20171031(第10期);全文 * |
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