CN108651208B - Method for reducing chromium content in tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Method for reducing chromium content in tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN108651208B CN108651208B CN201810310880.0A CN201810310880A CN108651208B CN 108651208 B CN108651208 B CN 108651208B CN 201810310880 A CN201810310880 A CN 201810310880A CN 108651208 B CN108651208 B CN 108651208B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a method for effectively reducing the content of heavy metal chromium in tobacco leaves. The method utilizes the technical principle that molybdenum antagonizes chromium, applies trace element molybdenum in the planting process of tobacco, and accordingly antagonizes the absorption and utilization of the tobacco to the chromium, and specifically comprises the following steps: after tobacco seeds are normally sown and raised, before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted and ridged, uniformly spraying (or directly dissolving in irrigation water) soluble molybdenum salt into cultivation soil; performing cultivation management according to conventional field management measures in the later stage; the using amount of the soluble molybdenum salt is as follows: the application amount in the soil is as follows according to 700-1100 mg/L: 400-600L/mu, i.e., 0.28-0.66 kg/mu. The method for reducing the chromium content in the tobacco leaves has the characteristics of low cost, simplicity, practicability and reliability, can be used for fundamentally reducing the chromium content in the tobacco leaves, and can lay a foundation for improving and improving the quality of the tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a method for effectively reducing the content of heavy metal chromium in tobacco leaves.
Background
In recent years, with the attention on the research of heavy metal pollution, a great deal of research is done on the behavior of heavy metals in tobacco and the control aspect of heavy metals at home and abroad. The existing research considers that in the tobacco smoking process, heavy metals absorbed in tobacco can enter human bodies through mainstream smoke, and then smoking becomes one of important sources for smokers to absorb certain heavy metals.
Some researches believe that chromium belongs to one of main chemical elements polluting tobacco in tobacco planting, and the tobacco belongs to plants easy to absorb and enrich heavy metals, so when heavy metals in tobacco leaves are excessive, the heavy metals can enter human bodies in the form of aerosol or metal oxides through mainstream smoke in the smoking process, and harm is caused to human health. With the emphasis on harm reduction in the tobacco industry, research on heavy metals in tobacco is more and more generally concerned, and the reduction of toxic and harmful substances in tobacco leaves becomes a key for improving the quality and safety of the tobacco leaves. Heavy metals not only affect important physiological and biochemical indexes such as tobacco photosynthetic property, enzyme activity, protein and amino acid content, but also can cause serious reduction of tobacco quality and yield when the concentration is too high. Therefore, the effective control of the chromium content in the tobacco and the tobacco products has important significance for reducing the health risk of smokers.
In the growth of plants, a large amount of chemical elements are needed to participate in the growth of the plants, and the chemical elements can be simply divided into two types of major elements and trace elements according to the amount of the required plants. Due to the difference of the soil environment for plant growth, the contents of different chemical elements in the soil are also different. In order to adapt to different growing environments, plants have certain substitution and selectivity among the required amount of chemical elements according to the content of different elements in the soil environment, so that the completeness of the growing history is ensured. However, in general, such substitutability and selectivity are different according to different plant species and growth environments, and lack of uniform rules, so that the growth rules of different plants in different growth environments need to be studied separately.
In terms of tobacco planting, due to the fact that tobacco is strong in adaptability, part of tobacco is planted in chromium-polluted soil, the content of chromium in tobacco plants is high, tobacco quality is reduced, and meanwhile potential hazards are brought to the health of tobacco smoking crowds. In order to reduce the risk, it is necessary to combine the growth rule of tobacco, improve the planting mode of tobacco, and reduce the chromium content in tobacco plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a method for effectively reducing the content of heavy metal chromium in tobacco leaves, thereby laying a foundation for improving and stably promoting the quality of tobacco.
The technical solution adopted in the present application is detailed as follows.
The application discloses a method for reducing the content of heavy metal chromium in tobacco leaves, which utilizes the technical principle of molybdenum antagonism chromium, and applies trace element molybdenum in the planting process of tobacco so as to antagonize the absorption and utilization of the tobacco to chromium, and specifically comprises the following steps:
after tobacco seeds are normally sown and raised, before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted and ridged, uniformly spraying (or directly dissolving in irrigation water) soluble molybdenum salt into cultivation soil; performing cultivation management according to conventional field management measures in the later stage;
the using amount of the soluble molybdenum salt is as follows: after dissolving the molybdenum salt in water, the molybdenum salt is applied to the soil according to the application amount of 700-1100 mg/L (preferably prepared into the concentration of 900-1000 mg/L): 400-600L/mu, namely 0.28-0.66 kg/mu (the preferable application amount is 360-540 g/mu);
the soluble molybdenum salt is, for example, calcium molybdate, ammonium molybdate or the like, and sodium molybdate (Na) is preferred2MoO4·2H2O）；
In the cultivation soil, the chromium content in the soil is over-standard soil, and the specific chromium content in the soil is 21 mg/kg; meanwhile, the molybdenum content in the soil is lower than the critical level required by crops (currently, most regions in Henan are molybdenum-deficient soil), and particularly, the molybdenum content in the soil can be effectively utilized and is not higher than 0.03 mg/kg.
The application of soluble molybdenum salt in the tobacco cultivation process is used for antagonizing the absorption and utilization of chromium by tobacco.
The existing research shows that molybdenum is a component of nitrate reductase in crops, participates in the reduction process of nitrate nitrogen and can promote nitrogen metabolism; molybdenum is also beneficial to improving the content and stability of chlorophyll, and is beneficial to normal photosynthesis and enhancement of photosynthesis; molybdenum also improves the ability of carbohydrates, especially sucrose, to flow from the leaf to the stem and reproductive organs, facilitating the formation and conversion of sugars. Therefore, the chemical element molybdenum is one of essential trace elements in the growth of most plants, especially tobacco.
For tobacco planting, a large number of researches show that the growth and development of tobacco and the product quality are directly influenced by the content of molybdenum in soil. The proper amount of molybdenum supplement in the soil can increase the oil content of tobacco leaves, reduce the nicotine content and improve the yield and quality of tobacco and the first-class tobacco ratio. However, in view of the fact that nutrient components in soil in China are combined, except soil near molybdenum ore, the molybdenum content in most cultivation soil is low, and additional supplement and addition are needed. On the other hand, for tobacco planting, it is reported that there is no detailed study on whether molybdenum can antagonize chromium absorption, and how to effectively use molybdenum salt.
The method has the advantages that the trace element molybdenum salt is additionally added, so that the trace element requirement of tobacco growth is supplemented, the tobacco growth is promoted, the absorption of the tobacco leaves on chromium elements is effectively antagonized, and the content of chromium in the tobacco leaves is reduced.
In general, the method for reducing the chromium content in the tobacco leaves has the characteristics of low cost, simplicity, feasibility, practicability and reliability, can fundamentally reduce the chromium content in the tobacco leaves, can lay a foundation for stabilizing and improving the quality of the tobacco leaves, and has good practical value and popularization and application significance.
Detailed Description
The present application is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
In order to test the feasibility of the method for reducing the content of the heavy metal chromium in the tobacco leaves, the inventor carries out corresponding planting experiments and briefly introduces the following steps.
An experimental field: detection of the content of partial metals in soil in tobacco bases in Xuchang Xiang county, Henan, shows that the content of chromium in the soil in the bases is 21mg/kg, and the content of effective molybdenum in the soil is 0.03 mg/kg;
tobacco variety: the tobacco 100 in the main cultivated variety of the Henan tobacco area is selected, and the tobacco has the advantages of strong adaptability, high yield, strong easiness in baking and the like;
planting time: 4-10 months in 2016;
experimental setup: the method is carried out by adopting a field plot experiment mode, and the area of each plot (single experiment group) is 30m2Two treatment groups, blank control group and experimental group, were included, each group was 5 replicates.
The experimental process comprises the following steps:
firstly, normally cultivating tobacco seedlings; sodium molybdate (Na) is added before transplanting tobacco seedlings in the early 5 months2MoO4·2H2O) preparing 900mg/L sodium molybdate aqueous solution, then uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surface of the soil according to different spraying amounts, after the soil is naturally air-dried, normally transplanting, ridging and covering films, and performing field management according to tobacco production specifications;
the treatment modes of the experimental groups are as follows:
experimental group, spray 16L sodium molybdate aqueous solution (equivalent to Na)2MoO4·2H2O0.36 kg/mu)
And (5) spraying 24L of clear water as a blank control group.
And (4) collecting tobacco plants after the tobacco leaves are mature at the beginning of 10 months, respectively collecting lower leaves, middle leaves and upper leaves in batches when the tobacco plants are collected, and detecting related indexes.
(1) Determination of the Metal content
Drying the picked sample in a dry oven to constant weight, grinding, pulverizing, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, digesting with concentrated nitric acid, and detecting the contents of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) in the digestive juice by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results after summary of the tests are listed below:
TABLE 1 Cr and Mo contents (mg/kg) of different parts of tobacco leaves
Note: the data in the table are summarized for the tobacco sample detection results collected by each repeated treatment group.
According to the measurement results in Table 1, the average value of the Cr content in each treatment group is taken to calculate the Cr reduction rate, and the calculation formula is as follows:
reduction rate = (blank control group Cr content-treated group Cr content)/blank control group Cr content;
the calculation results are as follows:
TABLE 2 reduction rate of heavy metal Cr in tobacco by sodium molybdate
Note: in the same column, "+" indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05) and "+" indicates a significant difference (p < 0.01) compared to the control group.
Analysis of the data in the table 2 shows that the spraying of the sodium molybdate solution can obviously reduce the chromium content in the tobacco leaves, the effect of reducing the Cr in the lower leaves and the middle leaves is gradually enhanced, but the effect of reducing the Cr in the upper leaves is lower than that of the lower leaves and the middle leaves. The experiment shows that the application of sodium molybdate with a certain concentration can effectively reduce the content of Cr in tobacco leaves, but the reduction effect is different along with different tobacco leaf parts.
Further, due to the additional application of molybdenum salt, it is necessary to further determine the content of Mo in the tobacco leaves, and the specific detection results are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Mo content in tobacco leaves after sodium molybdate use
Note: in the same column, "+" indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05) and "+" indicates a significant difference (p < 0.01) compared to the control group.
Analysis of the data in table 3 above shows that the molybdenum content in the tobacco leaves is significantly increased after the sodium molybdate is applied in the test field.
(2) Determination of conventional chemical composition
Measuring the total nitrogen content of the collected middle and upper flue-cured tobacco samples by using a hydrogen peroxide-sulfuric acid digestion method; the method comprises the steps of determining total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, chlorine and potassium by an AA3 type flow analyzer according to YC/T159-162-2002 tobacco and tobacco product chemical component continuous flow methods. The specific test results are listed below:
TABLE 4 chemical composition change of middle leaves after sodium molybdate administration
Note: in the same column, different letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 4, the total sugar content in the middle leaves was lower than that in the control group; the content of reducing sugar is obviously lower than that of a control group; the nicotine content test group and the control group have no significant difference; the potassium content treatment is obviously higher than that of the control, which shows that the molybdenum application can improve the potassium content of the middle leaves of the flue-cured tobacco; the potassium-chlorine ratio analysis shows that the potassium-chlorine ratio of the experimental group is obviously higher than that of the control group; the nitrogen-alkali ratio treatment is obviously superior to the contrast and is more close to the content range of high-quality flue-cured tobacco.
TABLE 5 Change in chemical composition of the upper leaves after sodium molybdate administration
Note: in the same column, different letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 5, the upper leaf total sugar content test group is significantly smaller than the blank group, and the reducing sugar content test group is significantly lower than the blank control group; the nicotine content of the control group and the experimental group has no significant difference; the chlorine content test group is obviously lower than the control group; the potassium content experimental group is obviously higher than that of the control group; through potassium-chlorine ratio analysis, the experimental group is obviously higher than the control group, and the application of the molybdenum fertilizer is favorable for improving the potassium-chlorine ratio of the upper leaves of the flue-cured tobaccos.
The experiment results are combined, and the molybdate is applied to the cultivation soil, so that the enrichment of chromium in tobacco can be obviously antagonized, the content of Cr in the tobacco leaves can be reduced, the content of potassium in the tobacco leaves can be increased, and the content of chlorine can be reduced, thereby being beneficial to ensuring the quality of the tobacco leaves and obviously improving the quality of the tobacco leaves. The related using method is simple and convenient and easy to popularize, so the method has important significance for promoting the growth and development of the tobacco and enhancing the disease resistance of the tobacco and shows better practical value.
Claims (4)
1. A method for reducing the content of heavy metal chromium in tobacco leaves is characterized in that trace element molybdenum is applied in the planting process of the tobacco, so that the absorption and utilization of the tobacco to the chromium are antagonized, and specifically:
after tobacco seeds are normally sown and raised, before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted and ridged, soluble molybdenum salt is uniformly sprayed into cultivation soil or is directly dissolved in irrigation water and irrigated into the cultivation soil;
the using amount of the soluble molybdenum salt is as follows: after dissolving the molybdenum salt in water, the application amount in the soil is as follows according to 700-1100 mg/L: 400-600L/mu, i.e., 0.28-0.66 kg/mu.
2. The method for reducing the content of heavy metal chromium in tobacco leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soluble molybdenum salt is applied in the soil in an amount of 360-540 g/mu.
3. The method for reducing the content of heavy metal chromium in tobacco leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soluble molybdenum salt is selected from calcium molybdate, ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate.
4. The method for reducing the content of heavy metal chromium in tobacco leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation soil is soil with over-standard chromium content, and the chromium content is not lower than 21 mg/kg; meanwhile, the soil is molybdenum-deficient soil, and the content of molybdenum in the soil can be effectively utilized and is not higher than 0.030 mg/kg.
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