CN103875398A - Method for lowering content of chromium in tobacco - Google Patents
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- CN103875398A CN103875398A CN201410092267.8A CN201410092267A CN103875398A CN 103875398 A CN103875398 A CN 103875398A CN 201410092267 A CN201410092267 A CN 201410092267A CN 103875398 A CN103875398 A CN 103875398A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for lowering the content of chromium in tobacco. According to the method for lowering the content of chromium in the tobacco, piriformospora indica is grown on the root of the tobacco in a parasitic manner so as to reduce heavy metal chromium residuals in the tobacco. The method for lowering the content of chromium in the tobacco specifically comprises the steps that (1) ZnSO4 7 H2O in an original Kafer culture medium is replaced by nanometer material zinc oxide, and 10 mg of nanometer material zinc oxide is added to each liter of culture medium; (2) activated Piriformospora indica is inoculated to the Kafer culture medium obtained in the step (1) to be cultured, then mycelia are collected, piriformospora indica hypha liquid is prepared, the prepared piriformospora indica hypha liquid is then poured to the root of a tobacco seedling, and root-irrigation treatment is conducted, so that the piriformospora indica is colonized on the root of the tobacco seedling; (3) after the piriformospora indica is colonized on the root of the tobacco seedling, the tobacco seedling is transplanted to a land, and then conventional water and fertilizer management is conducted to make the tobacco seedling grow normally. According to the method for lowering the content of chromium in the tobacco, the growth condition of the tobacco can be improved, the amount of heavy metal chromium which transfers from the root of the tobacco to the overground part of the tobacco is reduced, the heavy metal chromium residuals in the tobacco are reduced, the method is easy to master, the cost is low, the method is easy and practical, environmental friendliness is achieved, and secondary pollution can not be caused.
Description
Technical field
The utilization and the agricultural product quality and safety technical field that the present invention relates to microbial resources, relate in particular to a kind of method that reduces tobacco leaf chromium content.
Background technology
Along with using in a large number of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and developing rapidly of industry, environmental pollution is day by day serious.Chromium is a kind of poisonous heavy metal, is also one of main environmental contaminants.Tobacco is one of important economic crops of China, and cultivated area, yield of flue-cured tobacco and the output of China tobacco all occupy first place in the world.In recent years, often there is the report of the quality security problems such as tobacco heavy metals exceeding standard, wherein cadmium, chromium, plumbous comparatively serious on the impact of tobacco growing and quality.The hysteresis that pollution of chromium in soil causes the slow of tobacco growing and grows, reduce the content of total nitrogen, nicotine, total Soluble Sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco, have a strong impact on the quality (Shi Hongzhi of tobacco leaf, Liu Guoshun, Chang Simin, Deng. tobacco heavy metal present Research and agriculture harm reduction countermeasure. Chinese tobacco journal, 2011,17 (3): 89-94).Heavy metal becomes affects one of key factor of China's Flue-cured tobacco Quality safety, in the 9th the Asia-Pacific tobacco that on October 7th, 2010 holds at Sydney, AUS and healthy meeting, issue the result of study of a China and other countries' tobacco contrast: the cigarette of 13 plates of China detects the content of beary metal such as chromium and Canadian cigarette comparison, the highest exceeding more than 3 times.In tobacco leaf, chromium content overproof has had a strong impact on the quality of tobacco leaf, certainly will have influence on competitiveness and the sound development of China's tobacco industry.Therefore, how to reduce chromium accumulation in tobacco leaf and become main task of tobacco business.
In tobacco, heavy metal is mainly from tobacco-growing soil, and the content of beary metal of tobacco that also can cause lack of standardization of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals is too high simultaneously.The major measure of administering tobacco-growing soil heavy metal pollution has the methods such as engineering measure, physico chemistry reparation, phytoremediation and rhizospheric microorganism reparation, but operability, validity, broad spectrum activity and the safety of said method to heavy metal pollution of soil reparation is all left to be desired and improves.At present, the measure of the most frequently used reduction tobacco heavy-metal residual is to use various modifying agents, as inorganic amendments such as lime, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, clay minerals, and (the Hu Zhongsheng such as various fertilizers such as feces of livestock and poultry, Zhang Gangya, Wang Guangzhi, etc. renovation agent absorbs the improvement of arsenic in contaminated soil to tobacco. soil, 2006,38 (2): 200-205; Zhou Zeqing, recruits and opens cypress, Zhu Weixing, etc. heavy metal pollution tobacco-planting soil conditioner original position is repaired progress. Agriculture of Anhui science, 2009,37 (11): 5100-5102.).Chinese invention patent (CN1017M405A) has been invented a kind of soil conditioner that reduces crops cadmium, lead pollution, mainly comprises Ca (OH)
2, Na
2siO
7deng organic components such as inorganic component and rice straw, mountain green soy bean casts.For various reasons, the large area of these modifying agents is often used and is restricted, as larger on the impact of soil property in lime, clay mineral, and often contains heavy metal in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, feces of livestock and poultry.Therefore the technical measures that, propose a kind of more economical practicality just seem very necessary for effectively reducing tobacco heavy-metal residual.
Chinese patent application 201310104049.7 discloses trichoderma reesei and has combined the application of companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop in cadmium pollution agricultural land soil is repaired, and microbial inoculum using method is to apply trichoderma reesei FS10-C zymotic fluid or microorganism formulation at companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop seedling rhizosphere; Chinese patent application 201210137704 discloses a kind of method of utilizing arbuscular mycorrhiza restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, and bacterial classification using method is that arbuscular mycorrhiza is inoculated in to barnyard grass root.Above-mentioned two patents are to improve host and absorb the ability of heavy metal in soil with biological inoculum, remove subsequently host plant, complete the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil.These class methods can reduce the content of beary metal in soil, but have also reduced the cropping index of ploughing simultaneously, and how to process host plant be also the difficult problem in production reality.Chinese patent application 20121007120 and 201010525189 all discloses a kind of method of utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to reduce tobacco heavy-metal residual, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and tobacco form arbuscular mycorrhiza, promote tobacco growing, reduce tobacco heavy-metal residual.But arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can not grow on artificial synthetic medium, be unfavorable for the large-scale promotion application of this bacterium.
India's pyriform spore is a kind of root endogenetic fungus; there is host range widely; energy Promoting plant growth; improve the resistance of host to biological and abiotic stress; and can on synthetic medium, cultivate, for this bacterium provides possibility (Lou Binggan, Sun Chao in the large-area applications of agricultural and horticulture; Cai great Guang. several functions and the application prospect thereof of India's pyriform spore. plant protection journal .2007,34 (6): 653-656).Therefore, by developing India pyriform spore, under the prerequisite that does not affect yield of tobacco and quality, reduce tobacco leaf in the content of content of beary metal, especially chromium, be with a wide range of applications.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing for solving above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that reduces cadmium content in tobacco leaf, utilizes biological method to reduce in tobacco leaf heavy metal chromium residual.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
Reduce a method for chromium content in tobacco leaf, it is residual that utilization reduces tobacco heavy metal chromium at the parasitic India of tobacco root pyriform spore.
Further, the method for described reduction tobacco leaf chromium content specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of India's pyriform spore medium:
The nano material zinc oxide that is 30nm with particle diameter replaces the ZnSO in former Kafer medium
47H
2o adds nano material zinc oxide 10mg in 1 liter of medium, and in the Kafer medium of described new configuration, every liter contains: 2.00g peptone, 1.00g yeast extract, 1g caseinhydrolysate, 0.6gNaNO
3, 0.52gKCl, 0.52gMgSO
47H
2o, 1.52gKH
2pO
4, 10mgZnO, 10mgH
3bO
3, 5mgMnSO
4h
2o, 1.6mgCoCl5H
2o, 1.6mgCuSO
45H
2o, 1.1mg (NH
4)
6mO
7o
24, 1.3mgFeSO
4, 1.8mgEDTA, 0.1mg thiamine, 0.04mg glycine, 0.01mg nicotinic acid and 0.01mg pyridoxine;
(2) India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid irrigating root is processed cigarette shoot root portion
India's pyriform spore after activation is inoculated in to cellar culture in the described liquid Kafer medium of step (1), then collects mycelium, preparation India pyriform spore mycelia liquid, waters in cigarette shoot root portion, carries out root irrigation, and India's pyriform spore is grown surely in cigarette shoot root portion;
(3) transplanting of tobacco seedling and the management in later stage
Tobacco seedling after India's pyriform spore is grown is surely transplanted, and carries out afterwards conventional water and fertilizer management, makes cigarette seedling normal growth.
Further, the condition of culture of India's pyriform spore is that 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, 100rpm-120rpm shaking table lucifuge are cultivated in described step (2), after 5-7d, filters, and collects mycelium, is made into the mycelia liquid that concentration is 2g/L-4g/L with distilled water.
Further, in step (2), the mode of India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid processing tobacco seedling is: India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid is watered in tobacco seedling root; Or add tobacco seedling device to grow seedlings to tobacco India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid; Or tobacco seed is carried out to seed pelleting with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid, can also be stained with root processing to tobacco seedling with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid.
Further, watering when the tobacco seedling root with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid measure that every seedling waters in step (2) is 50mL.
Further, in step (2), cigarette seedling is that 4 Ye Qishiyong India pyriform spore mycelia liquid water in tobacco seedling root.
With respect to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, compared with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in prior art, India of the present invention pyriform spore can be grown on medium, and application is convenient; And can improve the nutrition condition of tobacco, there is the function of bio-fertilizer, promote the growth of tobacco, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer.
2, to adopt particle diameter be that the nano material zinc oxide of 30nm replaces the ZnSO in former Kafer medium in the present invention
47H
2o, in 1 liter of medium, add nano material zinc oxide 10mg, at India's pyriform spore of the Kafer medium culture containing nano material ZnO (30nm) 0.01mg/L, its rate of growing of determining at tobacco root significantly improves, bring up to 95.0% by original 80.0%, can improve significantly biological tobacco amount, promote the growth of tobacco, reduce the migration of heavy metal from root system to aboveground part of tobacco at its, thereby it is residual to reduce tobacco heavy metal chromium.Test confirms to use the inventive method can reduce significantly chromium content in Mature Tobacco Leaves, makes the content of chromium in water planting, potted plant and land for growing field crops Mature Tobacco Leaves decline respectively 31.4-54.2%, 27.9-41.3%, 32.9-55.3%.
3, the present invention reduces in tobacco that the method for heavy-metal residual is easy to grasp, cost is lower, simple and practical, and environmental protection, can not cause secondary pollution; It is not only applicable to the plantation of tobacco in heavy-metal contaminated soil, can use for uncontamination soil yet.
4, in the present invention, the using method of India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid is various, India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid can be watered in tobacco seedling root, can also add tobacco seedling device to grow seedlings to tobacco, can also carry out seed pelleting to tobacco seed with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid, can also be stained with root processing to tobacco seedling.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention program is described in further details:
Reduce a method for chromium content in tobacco leaf, it is residual that utilization reduces tobacco heavy metal chromium at the parasitic India of tobacco root pyriform spore, and India of the present invention pyriform spore is so kind as to give by Ajit professor Varma of Ai De university of India.
Further, the method for described reduction tobacco leaf chromium content specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of India's pyriform spore medium:
The nano material zinc oxide that is 30nm with particle diameter replaces the ZnSO in former Kafer medium
47H
2o adds nano material zinc oxide 10mg in 1 liter of medium, and in the Kafer medium of described new configuration, every liter contains: 2.00g peptone, 1.00g yeast extract, 1g caseinhydrolysate, 0.6gNaNO
3, 0.52gKCl, 0.52gMgSO
47H
2o, 1.52gKH
2pO
4, 10mgZnO, 10mgH
3bO
3, 5mgMnSO
4h
2o, 1.6mgCoCl5H
2o, 1.6mgCuSO
45H
2o, 1.1mg (NH
4)
6mO
7o
24, 1.3mgFeSO
4, 1.8mgEDTA, 0.1mg thiamine, 0.04mg glycine, 0.01mg nicotinic acid and 0.01mg pyridoxine;
(2) India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid irrigating root is processed cigarette shoot root portion
India's pyriform spore after activation is inoculated in to cellar culture in the described liquid Kafer medium of step (1), then collects mycelium, preparation India pyriform spore mycelia liquid, waters in cigarette shoot root portion, carries out root irrigation, and India's pyriform spore is grown surely in cigarette shoot root portion;
(3) transplanting of tobacco seedling and the management in later stage
Tobacco seedling after India's pyriform spore is grown is surely transplanted, and carries out afterwards conventional water and fertilizer management, makes cigarette seedling normal growth.
Further, the condition of culture of India's pyriform spore is that 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, 100rpm-120rpm shaking table lucifuge are cultivated in described step (2), after 5-7d, filters, and collects mycelium, is made into the mycelia liquid that concentration is 2g/L-4g/L with distilled water.
Further, in step (2), the mode of India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid processing tobacco seedling is: India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid is watered in tobacco seedling root; Or add tobacco seedling device to grow seedlings to tobacco India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid; Or tobacco seed is carried out to seed pelleting with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid, can also be stained with root processing to tobacco seedling with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid.
Further, watering when the tobacco seedling root with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid measure that every seedling waters in step (2) is 50mL.
Further, in step (2), cigarette seedling is that 4 Ye Qishiyong India pyriform spore mycelia liquid water in tobacco seedling root.
Embodiment 1
Utilize India's pyriform spore to reduce water planting tobacco heavy metal chromium residual, comprise the steps:
The activation of bacterial classification: the India's pyriform spore bacterial classification being kept in refrigerator is inoculated on Kafer medium (KM) flat board, is placed in lucifuge in 28 DEG C of insulating boxs and cultivates 7 days.India's pyriform spore colony edge punching that the card punch that is 5mm with diameter is activating.
The cultivation of bacterium liquid: obtaining liq Kafer medium and the liquid Kafer medium (the nano material ZnO taking particle diameter as 30nm replaces ZnSO4) containing nano material ZnO (30nm) 0.01g/L, with the packing of 250mL triangular pyramidal bottle, every bottled 150mL medium, sterilizing is for subsequent use.Under aseptic condition, India's pyriform spore mycelia piece is added in the triangular pyramidal bottle that above-mentioned medium is housed to every bottle of 6 ferfas silk pieces; Be placed in constant-temperature table 120rpm, 28 DEG C of lucifuge shaken cultivation 5-7 days.
Mycelial collection: in conical flask, mycelia is placed in 250mL centrifugal bottle, the centrifugal 20min of 8000rpm, removes supernatant, collects mycelium, is placed in 4 DEG C of preservations, for subsequent use;
The preparation of cigarette seedling: will after tobacco seed sterilization, sow in the seedling-cultivating tray of hole, thinning after seed sprouting, 1 of every Kong Liumiao, carries out normal water and fertilizer management.
Mycelia liquid is poured onto rice shoot root: water is the India pyriform spore mycelia mycelia liquid that to be made into containing mycelial concentration be 4g/L, by mycelia liquid water in 4 the leaf phase cigarette shoot root portion, establish 2 processing and contrast with 1.Process the 1 India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid for the liquid Kafer medium culture containing nano material ZnO (30nm), processing 2 is India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid of common liq Kafer medium culture, the water of contrast pouring same volume.
Mycelia liquid waters latter 15 days, detect determine the grow situation of India's pyriform spore in cigarette shoot root portion by the micro-Microscopic observation of Trypan Blue, the rate of growing of determining of result Graphics Processing 1 is 93%, the rate of growing of determining of processing 2 is 81%, and result shows obviously to improve in the rate of growing of determining of cigarette shoot root portion containing the India pyriform spore mycelia of the liquid Kafer medium culture of nano material ZnO (30nm).
(1) cigarette seedling is moved to and in Plastic Drum, carries out water planting: select process 1 and contrast in the consistent cigarette transplantation of seedlings of growing way to Plastic Drum (volume is 4L), it is the Hoagland nutrient solution 4L containing 5.0mg/L that chromium concn is housed in bucket, cultivate 4 strains of cigarette seedling, contrast and process each 3 barrels for every barrel.
Measure the chromium content in tobacco leaf: sampling (maximum leaf) in 2 weeks after water planting, measure chromium constituent content, result is that processed group tobacco leaf chromium content has reduced 43.1%(table 1 than contrast).
Table 1 chromium is processed chromium content in the water planting tobacco leaf of inoculating and do not inoculate India's pyriform spore for 2 weeks
Note: process the 1 India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid for the liquid Kafer medium culture containing nano material ZnO (30nm) (table 2, table 3 are together)
(2) cigarette seedling is moved in flowerpot, carry out potted plant: select process 1 and contrast in the consistent cigarette transplantation of seedlings (end diameter 20cm, high 27cm) to plastic basin of growing way, (the NO containing Cr is housed in basin
3)
2concentration is the field soil 10kg of 200mg/kg, and 1 strain of every basin plantation cigarette seedling, contrasts and process each 3 strains.
Measure the chromium content in tobacco leaf: sampling (maximum leaf) in potted plant latter 50 days, measure chromium constituent content, result is that processed group tobacco leaf chromium content has reduced 27.9%(table 2 than contrast).
Table 2 chromium is processed the content of rear Tobacco Root and Ye Zhongge
(3) cigarette seedling is moved to large Tanaka's cultivation: select and process the 1 cigarette transplantation of seedlings extremely large Tanaka consistent with growing way in contrast, after 70 days, carry out chromium Stress treatment: centered by tobacco stem base portion, 10cm is radius, the pouring concentration chromium nitrate solution 500mL that is 4.0g/L, with the water that waters 500mL in contrast.Each 10 strains of each processing; The climax leaves of gathering after 50 days, measure the content of chromium in tobacco leaf.
Measure the chromium content in tobacco leaf: chromium is processed the Mature Tobacco Leaves of gathering after 50 days, measures chromium constituent content, and result is that processed group tobacco leaf chromium content has reduced 32.9%(table 3 than contrast).
Table 3 chromium is processed chromium content in the Mature Tobacco Leaves of rear land for growing field crops
Embodiment 2
Make India's pyriform spore mycelia piece in embodiment 1 into India pyriform spore spore liquid, be inoculated in containing in the liquid Kafer medium of 10mg/LZnO, in constant-temperature table 120rpm, 25 DEG C of lucifuge shaken cultivation 7 days, all the other are equal to example 1, and in final water planting, potted plant and field production tobacco leaf, the content of chromium declines respectively 54.2%, 41.2%, 51.4%.
Embodiment 3
Change India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid concentration in embodiment 1 into 2g/L, all the other are equal to example 1, and in final water planting, potted plant and field production tobacco leaf, the content of chromium declines respectively 50.2%, 41.0%, 50.9%.
Embodiment 4
India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid in embodiment 1 is watered and makes India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid in tobacco seedling root and add tobacco seedling device to grow seedlings to tobacco, all the other are equal to example 1, and in final water planting, potted plant and field production tobacco leaf, the content of chromium declines respectively 31.4%, 40.9%, 31.3%.
Embodiment 5
India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid in embodiment 1 is watered and makes India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid in tobacco seedling root tobacco seedling is stained with to root processing, all the other are equal to example 1, and in final water planting, potted plant and field production tobacco leaf, the content of chromium declines respectively 52.2%, 41.3%, 55.3%.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and any variation of expecting without creative work or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claims were limited.
Claims (6)
1. a method that reduces chromium content in tobacco leaf, is characterized in that, it is residual that utilization reduces tobacco heavy metal chromium at the parasitic India of tobacco root pyriform spore.
2. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the method for described reduction tobacco leaf chromium content specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of India's pyriform spore medium:
The nano material zinc oxide that is 30nm with particle diameter replaces the ZnSO in former Kafer medium
47H
2o adds nano material zinc oxide 10mg in 1 liter of medium, and in the Kafer medium of described new configuration, every liter contains: 2.00g peptone, 1.00g yeast extract, 1g caseinhydrolysate, 0.6gNaNO
3, 0.52gKCl, 0.52gMgSO
47H
2o, 1.52gKH
2pO
4, 10mgZnO, 10mgH
3bO
3, 5mgMnSO
4h
2o, 1.6mgCoCl5H
2o, 1.6mgCuSO
45H
2o, 1.1mg (NH
4)
6mO
7o
24, 1.3mgFeSO
4, 1.8mgEDTA, 0.1mg thiamine, 0.04mg glycine, 0.01mg nicotinic acid and 0.01mg pyridoxine;
(2) India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid irrigating root is processed cigarette shoot root portion
India's pyriform spore after activation is inoculated in to cellar culture in the described liquid Kafer medium of step (1), then collects mycelium, preparation India pyriform spore mycelia liquid, waters in cigarette shoot root portion, carries out root irrigation, and India's pyriform spore is grown surely in cigarette shoot root portion;
(3) transplanting of tobacco seedling and the management in later stage
Tobacco seedling after India's pyriform spore is grown is surely transplanted, and carries out afterwards conventional water and fertilizer management, makes cigarette seedling normal growth.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), the condition of culture of India's pyriform spore is 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, the cultivation of 100rpm-120rpm shaking table lucifuge, after 5-7d, filters, collect mycelium, be made into the mycelia liquid that concentration is 2g/L-4g/L with distilled water.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the mode of India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid processing tobacco seedling is: India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid is watered in tobacco seedling root; Or add tobacco seedling device to grow seedlings to tobacco India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid; Or tobacco seed is carried out to seed pelleting with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid, or tobacco seedling is stained with to root processing with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, watering when the tobacco seedling root with India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid India's pyriform spore mycelia liquid measure that every seedling waters in step (2) is 50mL.
6. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (2), cigarette seedling is that 4 Ye Qishiyong India pyriform spore mycelia liquid water in tobacco seedling root.
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CN111849856A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Indoca chlamydospore, P.indoca spore bacterial agent and preparation method thereof |
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