CN109275409A - A kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control and top dressing move back fertilizing method - Google Patents
A kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control and top dressing move back fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109275409A CN109275409A CN201811472048.7A CN201811472048A CN109275409A CN 109275409 A CN109275409 A CN 109275409A CN 201811472048 A CN201811472048 A CN 201811472048A CN 109275409 A CN109275409 A CN 109275409A
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- tobacco
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- potassium
- fertilizer
- top dressing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
This application discloses a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall controls and top dressing to move back fertilizing method, comprising the following steps: 1), applies base fertilizer, when fertilizing time is that tobacco seedlings are transplanted, dose is the 45~55% of amount of potassium applied；2), first time topdressing, fertilizing time are 15~25 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, and the amount of imposing is the 15~25% of amount of potassium applied；3), second of top dressing, fertilizing time are 35~40 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, and the amount of imposing is the 15~25% of amount of potassium applied；4), third time top dressing: fertilizing time is 60~65 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, and topdressing amount is the 5~15% of amount of potassium applied.The present invention can precision application of potash fertilizer, meet demand of the cigarette strain different growth stage to potassium, can effectively solve the problems, such as tobacco grower's blindness application of potash fertilizer, increase yield of tobacco simultaneously, improve quality of tobacco, saves potash fertilizer, improve the economic benefit and potassium utilization rate of tobacco leaf planting.
Description
Technical field
The present disclosure relates generally to agriculture production technologies, and in particular to a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control and top dressing move back fertilising
Method.
Background technique
Tobacco is a kind of important industrial crops, and very important effect, tobacco seed are occupied in local revenue
Plant is also one of some effective of poverty-stricken area peasant programme.Reasonable nutrient management is to determine yield of tobacco, the output value
Factor I, contribution rate are only second to kind to the contribution of quality of tobacco, reach 25%, certain respectively up to 39% and 47%
Ecological environment and kind under the conditions of, nutrient management be regulate and control yield of tobacco and quality core technology.Tobacco is typically to like
Potassium crop, sufficient Potassium status not only can guarantee the normal physiological metabolism of cigarette strain and robust growth, but also can also improve tobacco leaf
Color, identity, improve the flammability of tobacco leaf, reduce releasing content of coke tar, improve the quality and safety of tobacco leaf.It is generally acknowledged that excellent
Matter potassium content of tobacco leaf should be higher than that 2.5%, and the potassium content of the most regional tobacco leaves in China is 1%~2%, and potassium content of tobacco leaf is lower
The key constraints further promoted as China's quality of tobacco.
Analysis is compiled using document by the tobacco field potassium circulation to the multiple areas in China, the results showed that tobacco field is applied
Potassium amount is higher and potash fertilizer utilization efficiency is very low, therefore controlling Potassium Fertilizer total amount is to improve effective way of fertilizer utilization efficiency
Through.By when the test result of Sichuan cigarette district also indicates that tobacco planting potash fertilizer utilization efficiency with Potassium Fertilizer increase present
The trend gradually decreased out, tobacco potash fertilizer this season utilization rate change between 24.5%~33.1%, average out to 29.2%, much
Lower than the potassium utilization rate 40%~50% of other crops.Potassium is produced as the biggish element of tobacco growing aequum in tobacco
It is played an important role in amount and quality responses, shortage can have an adverse effect to tobacco production and quality.
In addition, tobacco is a kind of fear-chlorion crop, forbid applying cheap potassium chloride fertilizer in production, and applies higher cost
Potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate, due to " the gold fertilizer " of the expensive leaf tobacco production that is otherwise known as of both fertilizer.Therefore, tobacco leaf
Potassium content of tobacco leaf and save the cost can be improved, improve potash fertilizer utilization efficiency, increase the economic effect of plantation by being badly in need of one kind in production
The potash fertilizer application method of benefit.
Summary of the invention
In view of drawbacks described above in the prior art or deficiency, it is intended to provide a kind of according to tobacco target output and Soil Available
Potassium nutrition test value determines amount of potassium applied, the different demands feature of potassium is determined potash fertilizer base fertilizer and chased after according to cigarette strain growth and development
The ratio of fertilizer and the tobacco potash fertilizer application method of top dressing Dressing date.
In a first aspect,
According to technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application, a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control and top dressing move back fertilising side
Method, the following steps are included:
1), apply base fertilizer, when fertilizing time is that tobacco seedlings are transplanted, dose is the 45~55% of amount of potassium applied；
2), first time topdressing, fertilizing time be tobacco seedlings transplanting after 15~25 days, the amount of imposing be amount of potassium applied 15~
25%；
3), second of top dressing, fertilizing time be tobacco seedlings transplanting after 35~40 days, the amount of imposing be amount of potassium applied 15~
25%；
4), third time top dressing: fertilizing time is 60~65 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, and topdressing amount is the 5~15% of amount of potassium applied.
In the present invention, further, the dose of the base fertilizer is the 50% of amount of potassium applied；The first time topdressing imposes
Amount is the 20% of amount of potassium applied；The amount of imposing of second of top dressing is the 20% of amount of potassium applied；The topdressing amount of the third time top dressing
It is the 10% of amount of potassium applied.
In the present invention, further, in the step 1), the base fertilizer one of applies mode using row replacement, cyclic annular nest
It applies fertilizer.
In the present invention, further, in the step 2), when first time topdressing, in such a way that fertilizer is watered pouring into
Row fertilising.
In the present invention, further, in the step 3), second of top dressing, which combines, takes off ridging completion in compartment on film, using ring
The mode that shape nest is applied is applied fertilizer.
In the present invention, further, in the step 4, third time top dressing is applied fertilizer in such a way that cyclic annular nest is applied.
In this technique, the dose, the amount of imposing, topdressing amount are the fertilizer total amount for putting fertilizer each time, and amount of potassium applied
Percentage in as each fertilizer total amount, when such as applying base fertilizer, when fertilizing time is that tobacco seedlings are transplanted, dose is amount of potassium applied
45~55%；Such as this 10kg of dose, then, amount of potassium applied 4.5kg-5.5kg.
In conclusion the above-mentioned technical proposal of the application passes through
1, dose determines that method is advanced.Become from the past dose that is empirically determined according to target output and soil speed
Potassium nutrition test value is imitated to determine amount of potassium applied, reaches precision application of potash fertilizer.
2, fertilizing method is innovated.Change the mode that Potassium Fertilizer in the past payes attention to base fertilizer, light spraying fertilizer, meets cigarette strain difference
Demand of the growthdevelopmental stage to potassium.
3, significant effect of the present invention.The present invention can effectively solve the problems, such as tobacco grower's blindness application of potash fertilizer, while increase tobacco leaf
Yield improves quality of tobacco, saves potash fertilizer, improves the economic benefit and potassium utilization rate of tobacco leaf planting.
Detailed description of the invention
By reading a detailed description of non-restrictive embodiments in the light of the attached drawings below, the application's is other
Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is different fertilization Soil Available potassium content dynamic change；
Fig. 2 is the variation of flue-cured tobacco Different Organs Interspecific competition；
Fig. 3 is flue-cured tobacco Different Organs potassium absorption amount dynamic change.
Specific embodiment
The application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is used only for explaining related invention, rather than the restriction to the invention.It also should be noted that in order to
Convenient for description, part relevant to invention is illustrated only in attached drawing.
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
One, the determination of potash fertilizer total control method
Analysis is compiled using document by the tobacco field potassium circulation to the multiple areas in China, the results showed that tobacco field is applied
Potassium amount is higher and potash fertilizer utilization efficiency is very low, therefore controlling Potassium Fertilizer total amount is to improve effective way of fertilizer utilization efficiency
Through.By we when the test result of Sichuan cigarette district also indicates that tobacco planting potash fertilizer utilization efficiency with Potassium Fertilizer increase
The trend gradually decreased is showed, tobacco potash fertilizer this season utilization rate changes between 24.5%~33.1%, average out to 29.2%,
Well below the potassium utilization rate 40%~50% of other crops.Potassium is as the biggish element of tobacco growing aequum, in cigarette
It is played an important role in Herbage harvest and quality responses, shortage can have an adverse effect to tobacco production and quality；Another party
Face does not apply the potassium chloride fertilizer of the type containing chlorine since tobacco is fear-chlorion crop in tobacco leaf production, and applies the sulphur of higher cost
Sour potassium and potassium nitrate, therefore both fertilizer are also known as " the gold fertilizer " of leaf tobacco production, it is ensured that in the case of the high-quality suitable production of tobacco leaf
It reduces Potassium Fertilizer, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, this is save the cost, some effective for improving tobacco leaf planting economic benefit.
Investigating and analysing and dissect cigarette strain by typical tobacco field needs potassium characteristic, it is proposed that " target produces potash fertilizer in tobacco leaf production
Amount combine soil nutrients variability determine dose " total control method.Overall control is tobacco field potash fertilizer Nutrition resources management
The foundation of core, overall control is the appropriate production capacity of tobacco field production system, therefore can be surveyed according to target output and soil nutrient
Examination value determines that amount of potassium applied, calculation formula are as follows:
Specific yield nutrients uptake amounts are, every production 100kg dry tobacco leaf need from soil Amount of potassium absorbed be 5.82~
7.67kg, target output are calculated as, and target output (kg/ mus)=(1+ progressive increase rate) × preceding 3 annual per unit area yield (kg/ mus) is passed
Gaining rate is generally 5%~10%, and between 0.50~0.85, potash fertilizer this season utilization rate is the correction coefficient of Soil Available potassium nutrition
24.5%~33.1%.
Two, traditional tobacco production attention potash fertilizer bottom application causes later period soil available nitrogen insufficient
As shown in Figure 1, by the way that Sichuan difference cigarette district tobacco grower Potassium Fertilizer, the survey showed that, by 80% when tobacco grower applies fertilizer
The potash fertilizer of left and right is applied as base fertilizer, and only 20% potash fertilizer is applied as top dressing, is shown to pay attention to bottom application, is despised applying for top dressing
Fertile phenomenon.Seminar in 2014 carries out peasant habit in Liangshan State of Sichuan Province Mianning County typical case's tobacco leaf planting area and potash fertilizer moves back examination
It tests, the results showed that, 7 days before topping, peasant habit processing causes soil effective K content to be higher than potash fertilizer due to paying attention to base fertilizer
Processing is moved back, habits fertilization processing Soil Available potassium content is moved back than potash fertilizer averagely increases 9.5%；And after Topping Stage,
Potash fertilizer moves back processing Soil Available potassium content higher than the processing of tobacco grower's habit, averagely increases 58.9%；Illustrate to move back by potash fertilizer
Cigarette strain late growth stage Soil Potassium ability can be improved, and tobacco grower's habits fertilization causes the de- fertilizer of later period tobacco field.
Three, potassium demand increases after tobacco group's phase
We using the method for crushing sampling to Production of Large Fields under the conditions of, the growth and development of cigarette strain and potassium characteristic is needed to carry out
Research.Fig. 2 the result shows that, transplant preceding 40 days, leaf growth is slow, transplant 40~68 days, leaf growth is rapid, transplanting 68 days
Afterwards, leaf growth tends to be steady；Stalk and Root System Growth Characteristics are closely similar, and transplanting first 40 days in slowly growth, transplanting 40
~89 days, stalk and root growth were rapid, and after transplanting 89 days, stalk and root growth tend to be steady；And cigarette strain growth and development
3 stages can be divided into, belongs to slow growth period from transplanting to 40 days after cultivation, belongs to fast-growth within 40~89 days after transplanting
Phase, transplanting belonged to stable growth period after 89 days.From cigarette strain potassium demand characteristics (Fig. 3) it is found that demand of the cigarette strain to potassium can also
3 stages are divided into, it is less to 40 days cigarette strain potassium demands after cultivation from transplanting, belong to the nutrient slow demand phase；40 after transplanting
Cigarette strain is larger to the demand of potassium within~68 days, belongs to the nutrient wilderness demand phase；And demand of the cigarette strain to potassium after transplanting 68 days
It is relatively stable, belong to nutrient and maintains the demand phase.To cigarette strain growth and development and potassium demand characteristic analysis shows, after transplanting 40 days
(i.e. after group's phase) cigarette strain increases the demand of potassium.Therefore, adaptation to local conditions progress potash fertilizer moves back, it is ensured that later period soil potassium
The supply of nutrient abundance increases potash fertilizer uptake, improves quality of tobacco, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Four, the overall control of tobacco potash fertilizer and top dressing move back the benefit of fertilizing method
1), the determination of potash fertilizer total amount
It tests and carried out in 2014 in the village Shi Gu of the Liangshan State of Sichuan Province Mianning County township Hui Long, soil available nitrogen test before testing
Value is 108.1mg/kg, determines that target output is 205.4kg/ mus according to progressive increase rate, every production 100kg dry tobacco leaf is needed from soil
Middle Amount of potassium absorbed is 6.7kg, and the correction coefficient of Soil Available potassium nutrition takes 0.50, and potash fertilizer this season utilization rate is 30%.According to public affairs
Formula:
Amount of potassium applied is 18.8kg/ mus when calculating tobacco leaf production.
2), potash fertilizer moves back application
Base fertilizer K Amounts are the 50% of amount of potassium applied when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and practical amount of application is 9.4kg/ mus, using ring-type
The mode that nest is applied；First time topdressing is 15~25 days after transplanting, and topdressing amount is the 20% of amount of potassium applied, and practical amount of application is
3.76kg/ mus, fertilizer is watered pouring cigarette strain；Second of top dressing is 35~40 days after transplanting, and imposing potash fertilizer amount is amount of potassium applied
20%, practical amount of application is 3.76kg/ mus, in such a way that cyclic annular nest is applied；Third time top dressing is top dressing 60~65 days after transplanting
Amount is applies the 10% of potassium, and practical amount of application is 1.88kg/ mus, in such a way that cyclic annular nest is applied.
3), the benefit applied
Show tobbaco phase tobacco grower by arrangement tobacco grower habit and the technology of the present invention field comparison test, test result
Habits fertilization tobacco plant height is 97.30cm, effective blade number is 17.40, diameter encloses for 11.20cm, pitch 5.59cm, maximum leaf
Area is 975.21cm2, tobacco plant height of the present invention is 116.30cm, effective blade number is 20.10, diameter encloses for 12.40cm, pitch
For 5.79cm, maximum leaf area 1253.14cm2.Yield of tobacco of the present invention and the output value be respectively 186.87kg/ mus and
4658.67 yuan/mu, yield improve 7.27% than tobacco grower's habit, and the output value increases 13.75%.Tobacco leaf average price of the present invention
(24.93 yuan/kg) are accustomed to (23.51 yuan/kg) than tobacco grower and improve 6.04%.Tobacco grower's habit and better-than-average cigarette institute of the invention accounting
Example is respectively 90.58% and 92.90%, and the better-than-average cigarette proportion of the present invention improves 2.56% than tobacco grower's habit.Meanwhile this
Invention improves 11.26 percentage point of potassium utilization rate, saves potassium 10.48%, realizes the high-quality suitable production of tobacco leaf and utilizes with nutrition efficient
Coordination, achieve significant economic benefit and social benefit, promote the sustainable development of tobacco grower increased income with tobacco industry.
Above description is only the preferred embodiment of the application and the explanation to institute's application technology principle.Those skilled in the art
Member is it should be appreciated that invention scope involved in the application, however it is not limited to technology made of the specific combination of above-mentioned technical characteristic
Scheme, while should also cover in the case where not departing from the inventive concept, it is carried out by above-mentioned technical characteristic or its equivalent feature
Any combination and the other technical solutions formed.Such as features described above has similar function with (but being not limited to) disclosed herein
Can technical characteristic replaced mutually and the technical solution that is formed.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control and top dressing move back fertilizing method, characterized in that the following steps are included:
1), apply base fertilizer, when fertilizing time is that tobacco seedlings are transplanted, dose is the 45~55% of amount of potassium applied；
2), first time topdressing, fertilizing time are 15~25 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, and the amount of imposing is the 15~25% of amount of potassium applied；
3), second of top dressing, fertilizing time are 35~40 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, and the amount of imposing is the 15~25% of amount of potassium applied；
4), third time top dressing: fertilizing time is 60~65 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting, and topdressing amount is the 5~15% of amount of potassium applied.
2. a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control according to claim 1 and top dressing move back fertilizing method, it is characterized in that: described
The dose of base fertilizer is the 50% of amount of potassium applied；The amount of imposing of the first time topdressing is the 20% of amount of potassium applied；It is described to chase after for the second time
The amount of imposing of fertilizer is the 20% of amount of potassium applied；The topdressing amount of the third time top dressing is the 10% of amount of potassium applied.
3. a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control according to claim 1 and top dressing move back fertilizing method, it is characterized in that: described
In step 1), the base fertilizer one of applies mode using row replacement, cyclic annular nest and applies fertilizer.
4. a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control according to claim 1 and top dressing move back fertilizing method, it is characterized in that: described
In step 2), when first time topdressing, apply fertilizer in such a way that fertilizer is watered pouring.
5. a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control according to claim 1 and top dressing move back fertilizing method, it is characterized in that: described
In step 3), second of top dressing, which combines, takes off ridging completion in compartment on film, applies fertilizer in such a way that cyclic annular nest is applied.
6. a kind of tobacco potash fertilizer overall control according to claim 1 and top dressing move back fertilizing method, it is characterized in that: described
In step 4, third time top dressing is applied fertilizer in such a way that cyclic annular nest is applied.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111630996A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-08 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for determining fertilization amount of Honghuadajinyuan and corresponding fertilization scheme |
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| CN107879792A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-06 | 河南在田农业科技有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer management method for improving potassium content of tobacco leaf |
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2018
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| CN105993346A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-10-12 | 云南省烟草公司普洱市公司 | Fertilizing method for NC71 flue-cured tobacco variety |
| CN107879792A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-06 | 河南在田农业科技有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer management method for improving potassium content of tobacco leaf |
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| CN111630996A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-08 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for determining fertilization amount of Honghuadajinyuan and corresponding fertilization scheme |
| CN111630996B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-07-12 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Method for determining fertilization amount of Honghuadajinyuan and corresponding fertilization scheme |
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Application publication date: 20190129 |