CN115362895A - Efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in tobacco harvesting period - Google Patents
Efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in tobacco harvesting period Download PDFInfo
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- CN115362895A CN115362895A CN202210547756.2A CN202210547756A CN115362895A CN 115362895 A CN115362895 A CN 115362895A CN 202210547756 A CN202210547756 A CN 202210547756A CN 115362895 A CN115362895 A CN 115362895A
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- interplanting
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title claims description 6
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- RPASNPADOARUAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium tetranitrate Chemical compound [Mg++].[Ca++].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O RPASNPADOARUAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
An efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in a tobacco harvesting period is characterized in that the potatoes are interplanted in the tobacco harvesting period planted in Yunnan area of Yunnan province of China, and the potatoes are harvested before a frost period, and the specific method comprises the following steps: ditching, laying and dripping irrigation, applying base fertilizer, sowing potatoes and covering soil beside tobacco in the tobacco harvesting period, performing secondary soil covering and topdressing in the bud period when the potatoes are in the seedling period, strengthening prevention and control of late blight in the period, and harvesting before the frost period. The method makes full use of sufficient rainwater, proper temperature and short physiological period of interplanting the potatoes in the tobacco harvesting period at the end of 7 months in Yunnan, fills the market shortage of the processed potatoes in the period, has high land resource utilization rate and does not influence the tobacco quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in a tobacco harvesting period.
Background
The southwest area of China is a core production area for tobacco planting, tobacco in Yunnan province is an important post industry, and is also the largest high-quality flue-cured tobacco production area in the whole world, the perennial planting area is about 500 ten thousand mu, and accounts for about 45% of the whole country, wherein the elevation of the Yunnan province (stone forest, mueller and other counties) is 1400-1900m, which is the high-quality tobacco main production area of the whole country, the tobacco planting area is stabilized in hundreds of thousands mu of a year, the soil is mostly red soil, the soil quality is loose, and the range from subacidity to neutral, the production level of the area is high, the tobacco water matching project is complete, the consciousness and the cultivation technology are advanced, the method is suitable for developing and planting potato industry, but under the form that the comparative benefit of the tobacco planting industry is gradually reduced, the land utilization rate is improved, a new mode for planting the potato after-smoking is explored, and the planting mode has important significance for providing tobacco growers income and the regional industry.
The tobacco planting area in Yunnan province is large, the idle land limits the output of the land after the tobacco is harvested, the income of tobacco growers is seriously restricted, if the vegetable planting can increase the input of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil, the quality of the flue-cured tobacco is influenced, and therefore a proper interplanting plant and interplanting mode need to be selected to improve the income of the tobacco growers and not influence the quality of the flue-cured tobacco.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides the efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in the tobacco harvesting period, which has the advantages of high utilization rate of land resources, short growth period of the interplanted potatoes and no influence on tobacco quality.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in a tobacco harvesting period is characterized in that the potatoes are interplanted in a tobacco harvesting period planted in Yunnan region of Yunnan province in China, and the potatoes are harvested before a frost period comes, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Interplanting and soil covering: 7, successively harvesting upper leaves of tobacco at the end of 7 months, when 3-4 leaves remain on the upper part of the tobacco plant, ditching 10-15cm away from the tobacco plant beside a tobacco ridge, wherein the depth of the ditch is 8-10cm, and paving, carrying out drip irrigation, applying base fertilizer, sowing potatoes, ridging and covering soil;
(2) Seedling stage management: in the tobacco harvesting stage, covering soil for the second time when the potatoes are in the seedling stage;
(3) Topdressing and epidemic disease prevention and treatment: topdressing is carried out in the bud stage of the potatoes, wherein 15-20 kg/mu of special high-potassium fertilizer for the potatoes is additionally applied;
(4) Harvesting of potatoes: in the middle of 11 months, potatoes were harvested just before the frost period.
Further, it is characterized in that the seeded potato is one whole seeded potato.
Further, the sown potatoes are potato varieties of Yunya 304.
Further, the additional fertilizer is formed by uniformly applying a water-soluble fertilizer by adopting drip irrigation.
According to the method, the potatoes are fully interplanted in the Yunnan middle area of China at the end of 7 months in the tobacco harvesting period, the rainwater is sufficient and appropriate, the potatoes are scientifically and reasonably interplanted in the tobacco harvesting period, the temperature is high in the period, the seedlings of the potatoes are fast to emerge, the rainwater is sufficient, the temperature is appropriate, the growth requirement of the potatoes is completely met, the growth period of the potatoes is only about 100 days, the potatoes are harvested before the frost period in the middle ten days of 11 months, the market shortage of the vacant period of processing the potato raw materials in the southwest of 11 months to the next 1 month is filled, and the efficient planting of the interplanted potatoes in the tobacco harvesting period is realized; meanwhile, the tobacco and the potato belong to the same solanaceae crop, so that the growth is promoted, and the planting quality of the tobacco is not influenced.
Detailed Description
An efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in a tobacco harvesting period is characterized in that the potatoes are interplanted in the tobacco harvesting period planted in Yunnan area of Yunnan province of China, and the potatoes are harvested before a frost period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Interplanting and soil covering: and (3) harvesting the upper leaves of the tobacco at the end of 7 months, and when 3-4 leaves remain on the upper part of the tobacco plant, combining the crop growth rule and the climate characteristic of the potato, and utilizing the ridge planting and close planting cultivation technology, wherein the planting density is more than 5000 plants/mu, the planting density is large, the ridge spacing is 1.2 meters, the moisture surface is 80cm, the height is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm, so that the guarantee is provided for realizing high and stable yield. Spreading drip irrigation, applying base fertilizer, sowing potatoes, ridging and covering soil; in 7-11 months in Yunnan, the water distribution is uneven, the rainwater at the early stage is sufficient, the rainfall at the middle and later stages is less, the potato blocks are expanded at the middle and later stages, and the potato seeds are sown when 3-4 leaves are left in the tobacco harvesting stage, so that the growth period of the potatoes is sufficient, and frost is avoided after the harvesting stage is pushed; the whole potato can also be selected as a seed for sowing, so that the cut caused by cutting is avoided, the emergence of seedlings can be ensured, the soil-borne diseases are prevented from being easy to occur due to high temperature and humidity of soil in the period, and the occurrence of the diseases is reduced; the tobacco and potato belong to solanaceae crops, diseases can be infected interactively, rainwater is large in 7-9 months, the diseases are serious, the selection of disease-resistant varieties is a key link, and a large number of experimental identification results show that the potato 304 is high in late blight resistance, X mosaic virus resistance and Y mosaic virus resistance; the evaluation result of the late blight resistance of the main potato variety shows that the late blight resistance of the Yunshi potato 304 is stronger than that of the main potato varieties of Yunnan provinces such as ' Cooperation 88 ', ' Hui-2 ', ' Lishu No. 6 ', ' Xuanyao 2 ', ' Qingshu 9 ', ' Yunshi potato 401 ', ' Lishu No. 7 ', ' Yunshi potato 301 ', ' Yunshi potato 101 ', ' Yunshi potato 201 ', ' Yunshi potato 103 ', ' Yunshi potato 506 ', ' Ziyun No. 1 ' and ' Zhenshi potato No. 1 ', the plant growth potential of the Yunshi potato 304 is strong, the leaf color is dark green, the corolla is pink, the tuber is round and is yellowish-skinned and is light yellow, aiming at the processing type potato market demand of our province, the Yunshi potato 304 ' is selected as the exemplary variety, and the characteristics of good quality, high yield and strong disease resistance of the processed product are realized, and the Yunshi potato 304 is selected as the potato variety with strong disease resistance.
(2) Seedling stage management: during tobacco harvesting, covering soil for the second time when the potatoes are in the seedling stage;
(3) Topdressing and epidemic disease prevention and treatment: topdressing is carried out on potatoes in the bud stage, and prevention and control of late blight are enhanced in the bud stage; in 7-11 months in Yunnan, the water distribution is uneven, the rainwater in the early stage is sufficient, the rainfall in the middle and later stages is less, the potato blocks are expanded just in the middle and later stages, the water management is carried out by utilizing the drip irrigation, the watering is uniform, and the water is saved. Meanwhile, the additional fertilizer can be uniformly applied by drip irrigation, so that the nutrient requirement of plant growth is met, and the guarantee is provided for yield increase. The fertilizer is applied by combining seed manure and additional fertilizer, namely applying 100kg of special loss-control potato fertilizer for seed manure strips, and applying urea when the additional fertilizer is about 10cm high: 1, calcium magnesium nitrate, 1, performing mixed topdressing, performing 2 times of foliar topdressing by adopting monopotassium hydrogen phosphate and calcium magnesium nitrate of golden potato in a bud stage, and if drip irrigation facility conditions exist, performing 4 times of balanced 17-17-17, 4 times of high potassium 15-5-25 and 10 kg/time of calcium magnesium nitrate for 2 times in a water management period, wherein each of the two water soluble fertilizers is 10 kg/mu/time. The fertilizer application plays an important role in providing the potato tubers with large and high yield, and simultaneously provides sufficient fertilizer supply for the growth of tobacco seedlings in the next season. Yunnan agricultural university and Yunnan chemical group limited company cooperate to jointly develop the special compound fertilizer for potatoes of 15-10-20+ TE, and combine the fertilizer requirement rule and the drip irrigation technology of the potatoes to develop the balanced type 17-17-17 and high-potassium type 15-5-25 water soluble fertilizer during the potato growing period, thereby realizing the water and fertilizer integrated management mode of the potatoes. In the aspect of fertilizer and water management, the application of the drip irrigation technology saves water consumption by 50 percent, and meanwhile, the use of the water-soluble fertilizer improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer by more than 30 percent, greatly reduces production investment and increases the yield by 500-800 kg/mu.
(4) Harvesting of potatoes: in the middle of 11 months, potatoes were harvested just before the frost period.
Demonstration planting yield measurement results: the field test and production are carried out according to the method (trial) of establishing, testing and accepting national food high yield by Ministry of agriculture. Yield conditions: the planted variety is 'Yushu 304', 3 points are actually measured, and each point is 12m 2 Total 36m 2 133.10 kg of fresh potatoes are produced in the total sample point, wherein 116.00 kg of commercial potatoes are produced, the three-point sampling is converted into 2465.90 kg of average yield per mu, and the commercial potato yield is 87.15 percent. Benefit situation: the sample potato rate is 87.15%; the small potato rate is 12.85 percent; the yield per mu reaches 4336.96 yuan per mu according to the calculation of the purchase price of an order (1.90 yuan/kg for large potatoes and 0.80 yuan/kg for small potatoes).
The efficient planting method provided by the invention develops field demonstration work in Shilin county of Yunnan province in 2021, demonstrates and popularizes 200 mu, obtains a better demonstration effect, has a yield of more than 2.5 tons per mu, increases income of farmers by 3750 yuan per mu, obtains the harvest of two products, has obvious economic benefit, and realizes efficient planting of interplanting potatoes in a tobacco harvesting period. The invention has the advantages of high land resource utilization rate, good method for increasing both production and income, and good popularization prospect.
Claims (4)
1. An efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in a tobacco harvesting period is characterized in that the potatoes are interplanted in the tobacco harvesting period planted in Yunnan area of Yunnan province of China, and the potatoes are harvested before a frost period, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) Interplanting and covering soil: 7, successively harvesting upper leaves of tobacco at the end of 7 months, when 3-4 leaves remain on the upper part of the tobacco plant, ditching 10-15cm away from the tobacco plant beside a tobacco ridge, wherein the depth of the ditch is 8-10cm, and paving, carrying out drip irrigation, applying base fertilizer, sowing potatoes, ridging and covering soil;
(2) Seedling stage management: in the tobacco harvesting stage, covering soil for the second time when the potatoes are in the seedling stage;
(3) Topdressing and epidemic disease prevention and treatment: topdressing is carried out in the bud stage of the potatoes, wherein 15-20 kg/mu of special high-potassium fertilizer for the potatoes is additionally applied;
(4) Harvesting of potatoes: in mid 11 months, potatoes were harvested just before the frost period.
2. The method for efficiently planting interplanted potatoes during the tobacco harvesting period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of sowing the potatoes is to sow one complete potato.
3. The efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes during tobacco harvesting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sown potatoes are of the variety Yunya 304.
4. The method for efficiently planting the interplanted potatoes in the tobacco harvesting period as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the additional fertilizer is formed by uniformly applying a water-soluble fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210547756.2A CN115362895A (en) | 2022-05-18 | 2022-05-18 | Efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in tobacco harvesting period |
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| CN202210547756.2A CN115362895A (en) | 2022-05-18 | 2022-05-18 | Efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in tobacco harvesting period |
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| CN202210547756.2A Pending CN115362895A (en) | 2022-05-18 | 2022-05-18 | Efficient planting method for interplanting potatoes in tobacco harvesting period |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104041277A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-17 | 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司 | Crop rotation and no-tillage method for reducing chlorine ion content of tobacco leaves in field tobacco planting area |
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2022
- 2022-05-18 CN CN202210547756.2A patent/CN115362895A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104041277A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-17 | 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司 | Crop rotation and no-tillage method for reducing chlorine ion content of tobacco leaves in field tobacco planting area |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 付思明: "烤烟地如何套种秋马铃薯", 致富天地, no. 07, pages 29 * |
| 孙川川;郑元红;郭国雄;陈祖瑶;牟东岭;王立新;: "不同播期对留茬膜侧马铃薯产量的影响", 上海蔬菜, no. 02 * |
| 张时军;王世敏;胡明成;: "云南省昭通市烤烟后期套种秋马铃薯播期研究", 安徽农业科学, no. 35 * |
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