CN104718962B - Simplified efficient 'deep scarification, deep fertilization and shallow sowing' wheat cultivation method used in Huang-Huai-Hai region - Google Patents
Simplified efficient 'deep scarification, deep fertilization and shallow sowing' wheat cultivation method used in Huang-Huai-Hai region Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation in a Huang-Huai-Hai region and particularly provides a simplified efficient 'deep scarification, deep fertilization and shallow sowing' wheat cultivation method used in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. According to the wheat cultivation method, a cultivation technology optimizing a wheat cultivation method and selecting applicable varieties to improve the wheat yield and comparative benefit of grain production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and needed matched agricultural machines and tools are adopted. Based on the basis that complicated field operation difficulty is reduced and for the purpose of increasing wheat production comparative benefit, links including wheat land preparation, sowing, fertilization, compaction and the like are optimized and integrated to achieve the systemic effects of technology simplification, high-efficiency resource utilization, improvement of soil fertility and steady yield increase. According to the technical scheme, the wheat cultivation method adopts multi-spike wheat varieties with high tillering capacity, 2BMTFS-12-6 no-tillage planters manufactured by a Shandong Yuncheng Technology Co., Ltd. are adopted for sowing, and weed and disease and insect pest prevention and control work is carried out at the right moment, so that the utilization efficiency of main agricultural production resources including moisture, nutrients and the like is effectively improved, and the comparative benefit of wheat grain production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district wheat cultivation, little especially by optimizing
Wheat cultural method and selection applicable variety are raw to improve Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district's wheat yield and grain
Produce cultivation technique and the supporting farm implements of needs, specially Huang-Huai-Hai Mai Qu of comparative effectiveness
Semen Tritici aestivi " two deep one shallow " simplifies efficient cultivation method.
Background technology
Huang-Huai-Hai Mai Qu include the Yellow River, Huaihe River, the Shandong of Haihe basin middle and lower reaches, Henan complete
Portion, the big portion in Hebei, the middle and south, Shanxi, Guanzhong, Shanxi and Region of Xuhuai, Jiangsu Province, this area
Belong to warm temperate zone grassland climate type, 170-220 days frost-free period, light, temperature aboundresources, water
Resource scarcity and precipitation are concentrated mainly on June to JIUYUE, and in district, physical features is smooth, and soil layer is deep,
Wheat yield level is high, is the Major Wheat producing region of China.The long-term sown area of Semen Tritici aestivi is about
12300000 hectares, accounting for the 53.6% of whole nation Semen Tritici aestivi area, total output accounts for the 64.8% of the whole nation.
One, Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district Wheat Production promotes mainly technology
Intensive cultivation is the main feature of Wheat Production in this region, such as, and wheat precision seeding half essence
Broadcast production technology, Wheat wide seeding technique, wheat bed planting efficient water use technology, they
To ensureing that China's grain security played huge effect during Wheat Production.
1. wheat precision seeding half Precision Seeding production technology
Wheat semi-precision broadcast cultivation technique be soil productivity, rich water preferably on the basis of, suitably drop
Low Basic Seedling, builds Reasonable population, promotes ontogeny, so that fringe foot, fringe are big, grain weight,
Realize highly efficient and productive a set of Technical system.This technology is at soil fertility, fertilizer and water condition relatively
On the basis of Hao, select the stronger kind of tillering ability, suitably reduce Basic Seedling (every mu 80,000～
120000), it is main for relying on Tiller ears, and uses Comprehensive Cultural, makes wheatland colony
Less, team innovation structure comparison is reasonable, improves illumination condition in colony, preferably processes
Colony and individual contradiction, make individual nutrition good, grow stalwartness, so that fringe foot, fringe
Greatly, grain is many, grain is heavy, high yield.
Wheatland, or high fertility slightly late sowing wheatland, seeding technique condition and pipe is watered at medium fertility water
Reason level is poor, and the field such as kind tillering ability is more weak, or as on producing progressively to
One step of Precision Seeding transition, using half Precision Seeding cultivation technique is a reliable approach of high yield.
Main contents: according to local ecological condition and soil fertility basis, from coordinate colony's development and
Ontogenetic contradiction is set out, and determines suitable Basic Seedling (every mu 130,000～180,000), relies on
Stem and part Tiller ears, fringe weight of assaulting the main target on the basis of certain spike number, it is thus achieved that high yield.
2. Wheat wide Precision Seeding high-yield culture technique
Wheat wide Precision Seeding cultivation technique is on the basis of essence amount, semi-accuracy seeding technology, with
Expand sown scope, line increment away from, promote even to broadcast as core, change agricultural machinery and agriculture that intensive drilling is wide cut Precision Seeding
The high-yield culture technique that skill combines.The feature of this technology is: one is to expand sown scope, will broadcast
Width is expanded to 7-8 centimetre by traditional 3-5 centimetre, changes crowded one of traditional intensive drilling seed
Line is broadcast for wide sown scope seeded dispersion formula grain, and beneficially seed is evenly distributed, and improves Phase ofsprouting,
Without the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, occur without pimple Seedling phenomenon.Two are the increase in line-spacing, by line-spacing by traditional
15-20 centimetre increases to 26-28 centimetre, and wider line-spacing beneficially machinery topdresses, Ke Yigai
What Bian Wo district peasant spread fertilizer over the fields falls behind custom, carries out row replacement deep placement, had both saved fertilizer, and also improved
Utilization rate of fertilizer, the biggest space also promotes the efficiency of light energy utilization and improves.Three is seeder
There is suppression function, can play and disposably suppress soil, compacting of raking；Undaform ditch is formed after broadcasting
Ridge, the advantage increasing rainwater accumulation.Four is that the amount of broadcasting is relatively accurate, and the general mu amount of broadcasting controls at 6-9
Within kilogram, be conducive to cultivating healthy and strong individuality, build Reasonable population, have and significantly increase production effect
Really.Five is that agricultural machinery is supporting with agronomy, mainly by using Wheat wide precision seeder to coordinate this
The enforcement of technology.
3. wheat bed planting high-efficiency water-saving technology
Wheat bed planting high-efficiency water-saving technology is at field ridging, and wheat planting is on ridge, and furrow is used
In irrigation fertilization.When the wheatland using this technology to sow is irrigated, broad irrigation change little ditch into
Interior infiltrating irrigation, improves WUEL；Concentrate fertilising in taking ditch during fertilising, fertilizer can be improved
Material utilization rate；Owing to wheat planting is conducive to field ventilation and penetrating light on ridge, reduce field humidity,
Improving canopy miniclimate, suppression disease occurs, and promotes wheat culm healthy growth, energy resistant to lodging
Power strengthens；Be conducive to playing limit row volume increase advantage.
4. move after Winter Wheat Nitrogen and prolong the high-yield culture technique that declines
Postponing nitrogen prolongs the high-yield culturing that declines and applies to strong gluten wheat and middle gluten wheat high yield and high quality
The cultivation technique combined.In High-yielding of Winter Wheat High-quality Cultivation, planning strategies for of nitrogenous fertilizer is generally divided into
Twice, for the first time for a part of nitrogenous fertilizer being ploughed in underground with ploughing before wheat cultivation, the referred to as end
Fertile；Second time is topdressed for combining water spring in the spring carried out.Conventional wheat is cultivated, base fertilizer one
As account for 60%～70%, topdress and account for 30%～40%；Dressing time typically at period of seedling establishment to the phase of standing up.
Increasing when watering winter water before Semen Tritici aestivi is survived the winter of also having once is topdressed.Above-mentioned fertilization time and the end, chase after ratio
Example makes nitrogen manure heavy dressing give birth to early stage at Semen Tritici aestivi, in high-yield field, can cause wheatland colony mistake
Greatly, ineffective tillering increases, and Semen Tritici aestivi bearing desire field is strongly fragrant covers, and lodging danger increases, and the later stage is easy
Senilism, affects yield and quality, and fertilizer utilization efficiency is low.Postponing nitrogen technology is by chemical nitrogen fertilizer
The ratio of base fertilizer be reduced to 50%, proportion of additional fertilizer increases to 50%, the wheatland that soil fertility is high
Base fertilizer ratio is 30%～50%, and proportion of additional fertilizer is 50%～70%；Simultaneously by dressing time in spring
Rear shifting, general after move to the jointing stage, the ground sheet that soil fertility is high uses the product that rate of tillering panicle is high
Kind can be moved to the jointing stage to boot leaf dew point time.After Winter Wheat Nitrogen move prolong the high-yield culture technique that declines can
To efficiently control the too much hypertrophy of ineffective tillering, mould boot leaf and two leaves be good for plant type very, make
Land area of one unit accommodates more spike number；Setting up Post flowering, accumulation of photosynthate is many, to seed
The Optimum population that allocation proportion is big；Can promote to prick under root system, improve deep subsoil root system
Proportion, improves the improving activity of root system of late growth stage, beneficially slow down aging, improves grain weight；Can
Controlling to nourish and grow and reproductive growth is gone forward side by side the plant strain growth in stage, beneficially dry is sane
Accumulation, reduces the consumption of carbohydrate, promotes that individual plant individuality is healthy and strong, beneficially small ear little Hua
Grow, increase grain number per spike；Can after Accelerate bloom the accumulation of photosynthate and photosynthate to product
Product organ operates, and is conducive to improving greatly biological yield and economic coefficient, significantly carries
High grain yield.Albumin in seed, globulin, alcohol soluble protein and glutenin can be improved
Content, improve the big polymeric content of glutelin in seed, improve the quality of Semen Tritici aestivi.Nitrogenous fertilizer
Rear shifting technology is conducive to improving yield of wheat, high-quality, the realization of efficient target.
Meanwhile, various places Agricultural Scientist combine the Ministry of Agriculture promote straw-returning technology and
On the basis of Formula fertilization by soil testing, develop Wheat Production technology the most accordingly.Such as,
Technology and Semen Tritici aestivi standardization seeding technique etc. is suppressed after Semen Tritici aestivi readjust-loss supplementary irrigation technology, Wheat Sowing.
But, sum up current Huang-Huai-Hai Wheat Production and promote mainly scientific discovery, deep before Wheat Sowing
Cultivatedly, the most whole, it is the above-mentioned common feature promoting mainly technology that split application, reinforcement are irrigated.
Two, problem in science analysis
Promoted mainly technology by current China Wheat Production and peasant produces custom and affected that (Semen Tritici aestivi is always
It is the main grain ration of the northern China people), Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district Wheat Production is primarily present following
Two subject matters:
1. Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district peasant generally the most all after harvest corn first by corn straw smashing twice,
Then deep ploughing, rotary tillage, rake, rise furrow, sowing, field operation the most loaded down with trivial details, consumption of i.e. taking a lot of work
Time, add again production cost.It addition, the arable land of Huang-Huai-Hai plain present more than 60% realizes
Semen Tritici aestivi, corn straw all also fields, owing to Semen Maydis season straw amount is big, deep ploughing before Wheat Sowing,
Fine whole ground link is particularly easy to be disturbed by substantial amounts of corn straw, causes Semen Tritici aestivi to be short of seedling disconnected ridge now
As generally occurring, have impact on the normal performance of wheat yield potentiality.
2. fertilization mode is extensive, and fertilizer utilization efficiency is low.Peasant generally will before ploughing soil
Substantial amounts of chemical fertilizer is manured into soil, then real tillage.But Semen Tritici aestivi to pass through from being seeded into jointing
The time of about 200 days (early April in early October to the coming year), Semen Tritici aestivi one in the phase at this moment
Directly being in seedling stage, root system is more weak, and the region absorbing nutrient is less.The nutrient being now manured into soil
Lose in a large number after the leaching loss and Denitrification of irrigation water, not only increase the production of peasant
Cost and cause underground drinking water source height " three nitrogen " pollute.
Deep ploughing or rotary tillage the most year after year cause plough sole solid under topsoil, limit little
The lower bundle of wheat root system.Plough sole typically 12 18 centimetres from earth's surface, thickness about 57 centimetres,
Thickness can reach 20cm.For anthropogenic soil, there is less thick plough sole to keeping nutrient, protect
Water divides or is highly profitable.But it is plough sole blocked up (20cm), solid, to material
Transfer and the transmission of energy, stretch under crop root, and venting and water permeable is the most disadvantageous, this feelings
Condition must take subsoiling, carries out transforming, eliminating plough sole.
Summary of the invention
For produced problem in above-mentioned background technology, " two is deep for Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district of the present invention Semen Tritici aestivi
One is shallow " simplify efficient cultivation method based on reducing complicated field operation, increase Semen Tritici aestivi raw
Product comparative effectiveness is target, optimize and combine wheat ground, sow, apply fertilizer, the link art such as suppression,
Reach technology simplification, resource high-efficiency, improvement of soil fertility, the system effect of volume increase steadily.The method
Use the multi-spike-type wheat breed that tillering ability is strong, skill company limited of Yuncheng in Shandong produce
2BMTFS-12-6 no-tillage seeding machine sow, and carry out in good time weeds and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control work
Technical scheme.This technical scheme can be effectively improved the Main Agricultural resources of production such as moisture, nutrient
Utilization ratio, significantly improves Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district Semen Tritici aestivi grain-production comparative effectiveness.
The technical scheme is that
The Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district Semen Tritici aestivi of the present invention " two deep one shallow " simplifies efficient cultivation method, specifically
Operating procedure is as follows: during wheat breed is selected, Multi spike cultivar that precocious tillering ability is strong, Semen Maydis
Results are directly sowed with 2BMTFS-12-6 no-tillage seeding machine later, debugging seeder Semen Tritici aestivi before sowing
The seed degree of depth is 2-6cm, little line-spacing 4-6cm, wide row space 18-22cm, Basic Seedling controls 180,000/
Mu, application rate computing formula is:
During wheat cultivation, seed manure is applied deep soil by seeder with layered, and fertilizer buried depth is respectively
For 10cm, 15cm and 20cm, wherein at 10cm, apply the 50% of total dose, apply total at 15cm
The 30% of dose, applies remaining 20% at 20cm, every mu of fertilizer amount is by pure N, P2O5、K2O,
Being respectively 15 kilograms, 5 kilograms, 10 kilograms of calculating, fertilizer disposably uses sufficient；April in the coming year 21-25
Jointing water is filled once during, irrigation volume 60 cubic metre/mu, and carry out weeds and pest and disease damage in good time
Preventing and controlling.
The feature of the present invention also has:
Wheat breed is Jimai 22.
Before sowing, the debugging seeder wheat seed degree of depth is 3-5cm.
Before sowing, the debugging seeder wheat seed degree of depth is 3cm.
Debugging seeder wheat seed little line-spacing 5cm before sowing.
Debugging seeder wheat seed wide row space 20-22cm before sowing.
Debugging seeder wheat seed wide row space 20cm before sowing.
After harvest corn, the 2BMTFS-12-6 with the production of skill company limited of Yuncheng in Shandong is no-tillage
Seeder is directly sowed.
The Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district Semen Tritici aestivi of the present invention " two deep one shallow " simplifies efficient cultivation method, specifically
Operating procedure is as follows: wheat breed selects Jimai 22, uses Yuncheng in Shandong's work after harvest corn
The 2BMTFS-12-6 no-tillage seeding machine that power company limited produces directly is sowed, debugging sowing before sowing
The machine wheat seed degree of depth is 3cm, little line-spacing 5cm, wide row space 20cm, Basic Seedling controls 180,000/
Mu, application rate computing formula is:
During wheat cultivation, seed manure is applied deep soil by seeder with layered, and fertilizer buried depth is respectively
For 10cm, 15cm and 20cm, wherein at 10cm, apply the 50% of total dose, apply total at 15cm
The 30% of dose, applies remaining 20% at 20cm, every mu of fertilizer amount is by pure N, P2O5、K2O,
It is respectively 15 kilograms, 5 kilograms, 10 kilograms of calculating, during 21-25 day April in the coming year, fills jointing water one
Secondary, irrigation volume 60 cubic metre/mu.
The invention have the benefit that
The layer by layer manuring technology that this inventive method uses can the most once use sufficient fertilizer, reduces
The link of topdressing in later stage, the fertilizer of layered deep placement disclosure satisfy that the need after Semen Tritici aestivi beginning of spring to nutrient
Want, significantly improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce cargo handling operation, reduce production cost.
This Wheat Production method can significantly improve the utilization ratio of the agricultural production resources such as water, fertilizer,
This technology of what is more important also has significant saving of labor, increases the effect of grain-production comparative effectiveness
Really.This is mainly reflected in four aspects:
1, the rotary tillage of Caulis et Folium Tritici aestivi band decreases the sowing link disturbance to soil, saves soil body storage
Available moisture, it is to avoid the soil moisture brought when turning over runs off.Not only save Wheat Sowing
Front moisture creating link, and avoid the loss of turning over of soil body storage moisture, save and irrigate 1-2
Secondary, irrigation water more than 120 cubic metres can be saved farmland year for every mu.
2, suppress after the present invention implements wheat seed 3cm upper seeding and broadcasts, strong sprout has been effectively ensured
Cultivate.Upper seeding suppression is to realize one of Semen Tritici aestivi nurturing staff essential condition, captures the basic of high yield
Ensure.Stem lays equal stress on into the main path that fringe is High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat with tiller, and upper seeding can be fully
Play the shooting property of Semen Tritici aestivi, promote low position tiller early growth and quick tiller before the winter, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller.As
Carpostrote kind is the deepest, emerges the slowest, and the narrow Seedling of leaf is thin, and tiller is late, and Cheng Suisui is few, it is difficult to obtain height
Produce.
3, the present invention uses seed manure fertile with implementing layered deep placement while broadcasting.Fertilizer buried depth is respectively
10cm, 15cm and 20cm, wherein apply the 50% of total dose, apply and always execute at 15cm at 10cm
The 30% of fertile amount, applies remaining 20% at 20cm.Layered deep placement fertilizer can meet Semen Tritici aestivi not syngenesis
Educate the needs to nutrient in the period, reduce again the nitration denitrification effect of soil microorganism, reduce
The gaseous state of fertilizer and leaching loss loss, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.
4, vibration-type deep soil loosening breaks plough sole.The plant equipment that the present invention uses serves well association
Same mating reaction, the purpose of machinery subsoiling is chesson, breaks plough sole, strengthens rainwater and enters
Infiltration rate degree and quantity, reduce runoff, reduces water evaporates loss.Owing to machinery subsoiling is the most loose
Soil, not digging, make topsoil soils not disorderly after operation, the amount of breaking ground is little, so being particularly suitable for soil
Earth topsoil is obvious, should not plough the soil of operation.
In a word, the cultural method of the present invention, it is accustomed to, the most simply by changing traditional farming
Turning over of traditional mode of production mode is changed into few (exempting from) is ploughed, but selecting supporting machinery, product
Kind and relevant fertilizer practice on is assembled and has been configured, by sowing, whole, suppress and
The common optimum organization of multiple link such as nutrient management forms a series of improvement and innovation, selects
Plant equipment to arrange parameter the most collaborative with each, jointly act on, reach to be obviously improved the Yellow River and Huai He River
The effect of wheat district Wheat Production grain comparative effectiveness.
Wheat Production uses " two deep one shallow " to simplify efficient cultivation method, can carry compared with the control
High nutrient and WUEL are respectively 25% and 36%, and achieve the effect increasing production 5.3%,
Overall Wheat Production comparative effectiveness improves more than 45%.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
2012/2013 year implemented in seed multiplication farm experimental plot, Changqing district of Jinan city, and this plot has
Irrigation conditions, wheat breed of participating in the experiment is that Jimai 22 is (by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences's crop investigations
Institute's selection-breeding) Semen Tritici aestivi produces by skill company limited of Yuncheng in Shandong on October 4th, 2012
2BMTFS-12-6 planting with sowing machine, Wheat Species seed level is 3cm, little line-spacing 5cm, wide row space 20cm,
Basic Seedling 180,000/mu, during sowing, fertilizer amount is pure N, P2O5、K2O, respectively 15 kilograms, 5
Kilogram, 10 kilograms；And layered deep placement is fertile, fertilizer buried depth is respectively 10cm, 15cm and 20cm,
Wherein apply the 50% of total dose at 10cm, apply the 30% of total dose at 15cm, at 20cm
Apply remaining 20%, each layer rate of fertilizer of the good machinery of debugging before sowing.
" two deep one shallow " experimental field of wheat in filling on April 21 jointing water in 2012 once, irrigation volume
60 cubic metres/mu.Before surviving the winter (2012 11 respectively, comparison (traditional cultivation mode) experimental plot
Months 18 days), the jointing stage (on April 21st, 2013) carried out 2 times and irrigated, irrigation volume is respectively
50 cubic metres/mu and 70 cubic metres/mu, the standard of duty is that 0-40 cm layer of soil field is held
The water yield is not less than 95%.It addition, matched group traditional planting technology experimental plot, purity nitrogen consumption 20 kilograms
/ mu.Phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer are identical, respectively 5 kgs/acre and 10 kgs/acre (pure).
Result of the test is as follows:
Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district of the present invention Semen Tritici aestivi " two deep one shallow " simplifies efficient cultivation method test plot
Wheat yield and yield three elements are respectively as follows: mu spike number 48.1 ten thousand, grain number per spike 33.6, mass of 1000 kernel
37.8 grams, per mu yield 519.3 kilograms, WUEL 1.95 (kilograms per cubic meter), N
Fertile agronomy utilization ratio 8.65 (kg/kg)；Traditional planting technology matched group wheat yield and
Yield three elements are respectively as follows: mu spike number 46.8 ten thousand, grain number per spike 35.6, mass of 1000 kernel 33.6 grams, mu
Yield 475.8 kilograms, WUEL 1.6 kilograms per cubic meter, N fertilizer agronomy utilization ratio 7.9
(kg/kg)；Relatively finding, Semen Tritici aestivi " two deep one shallow " cultivation technique is imitated at water utilization
In the case of rate increases by 21.88%, additionally it is possible to obtaining nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy utilization ratio increases by 9.49%, fringe
Grain number increases by 2.78%, and mass of 1000 kernel increases by 12.50%, and yield increases by the effect of increasing production of 9.12%.
Embodiment 2
2013/2014 year was carried out in field tested by the crop investigations of Agriculture in Shandong Province research institute
Implementing, this experimental plot is loam, and long-term Semen Tritici aestivi, yield levels of maize are respectively 450 kgs/acre
With 550 kgs/acre.Wheat breed of participating in the experiment is Jimai 22, by skill company limited of Yuncheng in Shandong
The 2BMTFS-12-6 seeder produced was sowed on October 3rd, 2013, and Wheat Species seed level is 3cm,
Little line-spacing 5cm, wide row space 20cm, Basic Seedling 180,000/mu, during sowing, fertilizer amount is pure N, P2O5、
K2O, respectively 15 kilograms, 5 kilograms, 10 kilograms；And layered deep placement is fertile, fertilizer buried depth is respectively
For 10cm, 15cm and 20cm, wherein at 10cm, apply the 50% of total dose, apply total at 15cm
The 30% of dose, applies remaining 20% at 20cm, each layer fertilizer of the good machinery of debugging before sowing
Amount of application.
" two deep one shallow " experimental field of wheat and control experiment field were in filling on April 21 jointing water in 2014
Once, irrigation volume 60 cubic metre/mu, dose is consistent.
Result of the test is as follows:
Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district of the present invention Semen Tritici aestivi " two deep one shallow " simplifies efficient cultivation method test plot
Wheat yield and yield three elements are respectively as follows: mu spike number 45.61 ten thousand, grain number per spike 35.6, mass of 1000 kernel
38.14 grams, per mu yield 526.39 kilograms, WUEL 2.01 (kilograms per cubic meter), N
Fertile agronomy utilization ratio 8.84 (kg/kg)；Traditional planting technology matched group wheat yield and
Yield three elements are respectively as follows: mu spike number 43.5 ten thousand, grain number per spike 34.1, mass of 1000 kernel 37.5 grams, mu
Yield 472.82 kilograms, WUEL 1.8 kilograms per cubic meter, N fertilizer agronomy utilization ratio
(7.6 kg/kg)；Relatively finding, Semen Tritici aestivi " two deep one shallow " cultivation technique is in moisture profit
In the case of increasing by 11.67% by efficiency, additionally it is possible to obtaining nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy utilization ratio increases
16.32%, grain number per spike increases by 4.85%, and mass of 1000 kernel increases by 1.70%, and yield increases by the increasing of 11.33%
Produce effect.
As can be seen here, the ploughing soil of traditional mode of production mode is not simply changed to by the present invention
Few (exempting from) ploughs, but is assembled selecting and configured in supporting machinery and fertilizer practice,
By the common optimum organization to multiple links such as sowing, fertilising, nutrient management and irrigations, fill
Distribution has been waved the cultivated technology WUEL of Semen Tritici aestivi few (exempting from) and has been obviously improved and reduces production cost
Feature, it is achieved that being obviously improved of Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district's Wheat Production comparative effectiveness.
Claims (9)
1. Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district Semen Tritici aestivi " two deep shallow " simplifies efficient cultivation method, and concrete operation step is such as
Under: during wheat breed is selected, Multi spike cultivar that precocious tillering ability is strong, use after harvest corn
2BMTFS-12-6 no-tillage seeding machine is directly sowed, the debugging seeder wheat seed degree of depth before sowing
For 2-6cm, little line-spacing 4-6cm, wide row space 18-22cm, Basic Seedling controls at 180,000/mu,
Application rate computing formula is:
During wheat cultivation, seed manure is applied deep soil by seeder with layered, and fertilizer buried depth is respectively
For 10cm, 15cm and 20cm, wherein at 10cm, apply the 50% of total dose, apply total at 15cm
The 30% of dose, applies remaining 20% at 20cm, every mu of fertilizer amount is by pure N, P2O5、K2O,
Being respectively 15 kilograms, 5 kilograms, 10 kilograms of calculating, fertilizer disposably uses sufficient；April in the coming year 21-25
Jointing water is filled once during, irrigation volume 60 cubic metre/mu, and carry out weeds and pest and disease damage in good time
Preventing and controlling.
Cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wheat breed is Jimai
No. 22.
Cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that debugging sowing before sowing
The machine wheat seed degree of depth is 3-5cm.
Cultural method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that debugging sowing before sowing
The machine wheat seed degree of depth is 3cm.
Cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that debugging sowing before sowing
Machine wheat seed little line-spacing 5cm.
Cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that debugging sowing before sowing
Machine wheat seed wide row space 20-22cm.
Cultural method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that debugging sowing before sowing
Machine wheat seed wide row space 20cm.
Cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that use after harvest corn
The 2BMTFS-12-6 no-tillage seeding machine that skill company limited of Yuncheng in Shandong produces directly is sowed.
Cultural method the most according to claim 1, concrete operation step is as follows: wheat breed selects
With Jimai 22, with the production of skill company limited of Yuncheng in Shandong after harvest corn
2BMTFS-12-6 no-tillage seeding machine is directly sowed, the debugging seeder wheat seed degree of depth before sowing
For 3cm, little line-spacing 5cm, wide row space 20cm, Basic Seedling controls at 180,000/mu, sows gauge
Calculation formula is:
During wheat cultivation, seed manure is applied deep soil by seeder with layered, and fertilizer buried depth is respectively
For 10cm, 15cm and 20cm, wherein at 10cm, apply the 50% of total dose, apply total at 15cm
The 30% of dose, applies remaining 20% at 20cm, every mu of fertilizer amount is by pure N, P2O5、K2O,
It is respectively 15 kilograms, 5 kilograms, 10 kilograms of calculating, during 21-25 day April in the coming year, fills jointing water one
Secondary, irrigation volume 60 cubic metre/mu, and carry out weeds and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control work in good time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510171422.XA CN104718962B (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2015-04-13 | Simplified efficient 'deep scarification, deep fertilization and shallow sowing' wheat cultivation method used in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
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