CN110959480B - High-quality wheat cultivation method - Google Patents
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
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- ZTOKUMPYMPKCFX-CZNUEWPDSA-N (E)-17-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoctadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCCC(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](COC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1 ZTOKUMPYMPKCFX-CZNUEWPDSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-quality wheat cultivation method. A high-quality wheat cultivation method comprises (1) sun-drying seeds for 1-2 days in sunny day; soaking seeds for 2-3 hours at 17-21 ℃ one day before sowing; (2) fine ploughing, preparing land and sowing, wherein the depth of wheat seeds in a sowing machine is adjusted to 6-8 cm before sowing, and the buried depth of seed fertilizers is respectively 10-11cm and 28-30 cm; (3) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the first time from 2 months and 5 days to 2 months and 12 days, and irrigating from 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days; (4) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the second time from 20 days in 3 months to 27 days in 3 months; (5) and spraying foliar fertilizer for the third time from 4 months 15 days to 4 months 22 days, wherein the cultivation method can ensure that the wheat in the arid region is normally grouted, improve the thousand seed weight, increase the yield per mu and improve the grain filling degree of the wheat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-quality wheat cultivation method.
Background
The Huang-Huai-Hai region is the main wheat production region in China, the wheat planting area exceeds 2 hundred million mu, and the total yield exceeds 1 hundred million tons. The annual precipitation of most regions in the region is 500-700 mm, and is mainly concentrated in summer, the precipitation cannot meet the growth and development requirements of wheat during the growth period of the wheat, and high and stable yield can be realized only through supplementary irrigation.
The fertilizer and water management of wheat is an important link for high and stable yield, and in the current wheat production, many farmers do not use the growth characteristics and the group quality of wheat as the basis, use spring festival as time node, and suddenly do work before going out, and irrigate before and after the spring festival, thus easily causing premature water irrigation in spring, increasing the risk of later lodging and wasting water. According to the quality and the structural characteristics of the population, the irrigation is properly delayed, the two-stage differentiation is reasonably regulated and controlled, and the water consumption in spring is reduced.
The invention patent with publication number CN104663239B discloses a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai region, which irrigates the winter wheat from late 11 to early 12 months, and the irrigation is too early, thereby not only wasting moisture, but also increasing the risk of later lodging.
By adopting a reasonable cultivation technology, the yield is increased, the water consumption is reduced, the high-quality cultivation is realized, and the method has important strategic significance for realizing the sustainable production of the wheat and relieving the contradiction between water resource supply and demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-quality wheat cultivation method aiming at the limitation of the existing wheat cultivation technology in Huang-Huai-Hai regions, the cultivation method is based on the basic theory of wheat cultivation physiology, the cultivation method can enable wheat in arid regions to be normally grouted, improve thousand seed weight, increase per mu yield and improve the grain filling degree of wheat.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-quality wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a good wheat variety suitable for local planting, and airing the seeds for 1-2 days in sunny days; soaking seeds for 2-3 hours at 17-21 ℃ one day before sowing, and taking out the seeds after soaking;
(2) fine tillage and land preparation for sowing from 18 days at 8 months to 25 days at 8 months, wherein the depth of wheat seeds in a seeder is adjusted to 6cm-8cm before sowing, and seed fertilizers are simultaneously applied to deep soil layer by the seeder during wheat sowing, and the burying depths of the seed fertilizers are respectively 10-11cm and 28-30 cm;
(3) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the first time from 2 months and 5 days to 2 months and 12 days, and irrigating in the period from 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 30-40 cubic meters per mu;
(4) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the second time from 20 days in 3 months to 27 days in 3 months;
(5) spraying foliar fertilizer for the third time from 15 days in 4 months to 22 days in 4 months, and spraying the pesticide and the bactericide when root diseases and insect pests occur in the period;
further, the seed soaking liquid used for seed soaking in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of sophorolipid, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 4-8 parts of alginate, 28-32 parts of ternary compound fertilizer and 130 parts of water.
Further, the amount of the seed fertilizer used in the step (2) is pure N, P per mu2O5、K2O, calculated for 12 kg, 3 kg and 6 kg respectively; wherein
Applying 25-28% of total fertilizer amount at 10-11cm, and applying the rest fertilizer at 28-30 cm.
Further, the foliar fertilizer in the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5) is prepared by adopting the following method:
(1) adding ice water with the mass of 3-4 times of that of the Chinese yam, pulping, adding compound enzyme, performing enzymolysis for 1.5-2.0h at 30 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide, continuing performing heat preservation and enzymolysis for 0.5-2.0h, filtering and removing slag to obtain Chinese yam pulp, and performing vacuum concentration on the Chinese yam pulp at 60-70 ℃ until the solid content is 30-40% to obtain Chinese yam concentrated pulp; the addition amount of the complex enzyme accounts for 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the Chinese yam; the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing pullulanase and saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing a composition; the carbon dioxide is introduced in an amount such that the density of the formed foam slurry is 1.0 to 1.2g/cm3；
(2) Adding 12 parts of montanic acid ester wax, 6 parts of yeast cell walls and 4 parts of alginate into 100 parts of yam concentrated pulp, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution;
(3) uniformly mixing humic acid, ternary compound fertilizer and sophorolipid, adding water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ternary compound fertilizer to the sophorolipid to the water is 25-35: 42-48: 5-6: 60-65 parts;
(4) slowly adding the mixture obtained in the step (3) into the mixed solution prepared in the step (2), and carrying out temperature programming and heat preservation while continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 300-350 rpm; wherein the mass ratio of the mixture in the step (3) to the mixed solution prepared in the step (2) is 2-3: 10;
(5) grinding for 4-5 times by a colloid mill, homogenizing for 2-3 times by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous liquid, and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
Further, the spraying method of the foliar fertilizer in the steps (3), (4) and (5) is to use 3 kilograms of the foliar fertilizer per mu each time, add 25 kilograms of water to spray the foliar fertilizer on wheat, the fertilizer spraying is carried out before 8 o 'clock or 6 o' clock in the afternoon on a semi-cloudy day or a sunny day, the fertilizer liquid must be sprayed on leaves, green stalks or wheat ears, and the foliar fertilizer should be sprayed heavily in case of rain 24 hours after the spraying.
Advantageous effects
(1) The wheat seeds are soaked by adopting the seed soaking liquid, the seeds can continuously absorb components in the seed soaking liquid in the soaking process, the activity of enzymes in the seeds is stimulated, the seeds stimulate growth, then the deep ploughing cultivation method is adopted, the seedlings are strong, the tillering is more, the moisture in the deep layer of soil is favorably absorbed, the root system of the wheat is developed, the freezing resistance and the drought resistance are strong, and the defects caused by deep ploughing in the common wheat planting process are overcome;
(2) the cultivation method disclosed by the invention does not need watering and irrigation after planting in winter, only needs irrigation once in spring, is combined with application of the foliar fertilizer at a proper time, fully utilizes water stored in soil, reduces irrigation quantity, improves water utilization efficiency, reduces water consumption for wheat planting and irrigation, realizes water saving and high yield of wheat, and has important strategic significance for realizing sustainable development of wheat and relieving contradiction between water resource supply and demand.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.
The montanic acid ester wax, the yeast cell wall, the alginate, the humic acid, the ternary compound fertilizer, the sophorolipid, the ternary compound fertilizer, the pullulanase and the beer yeast are all commercially available products.
Example 1
A high-quality wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a good wheat variety suitable for local planting, and airing the seeds for 1 day in sunny days; soaking seeds for 2 hours at 17-21 ℃ one day before sowing, and taking out the seeds after soaking; the seed soaking liquid used for seed soaking consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of sophorolipid, 25 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of alginate, 28 parts of ternary compound fertilizer and 130 parts of water.
(2) Sowing in a fine tillage land of 18 days in 8 months, adjusting the depth of wheat seeds of the sowing machine to be 6cm before sowing, simultaneously applying seed fertilizers into deep soil layer by the sowing machine during wheat sowing, wherein the burying depths of the seed fertilizers are respectively 10-11cm and 28-30 cm; the fertilizer dosage per mu of the seed fertilizer is pure N, P2O5、K2O, calculated for 12 kg, 3 kg and 6 kg respectively; wherein the 10-11cm position is applied with 25% of total fertilizing amount, and the rest fertilizer is applied at 28-30cm position.
(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time in 2 months and 5 days, and irrigating in 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 30 cubic meters per mu;
(4) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the second time in 20 days after 3 months;
(5) spraying foliar fertilizer for the third time in 15 days after 4 months, and spraying the pesticide and the bactericide when the root diseases and insect pests occur in the period;
further, the foliar fertilizer in the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5) is prepared by adopting the following method:
adding ice water with the mass of 3 times into the Chinese yam, pulping, adding compound enzyme, performing enzymolysis for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide, continuing performing heat preservation and enzymolysis for 0.5 hour, filtering and removing slag to obtain Chinese yam pulp, and performing vacuum concentration on the Chinese yam pulp at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the solid content is 30% to obtain Chinese yam concentrated pulp; the addition amount of the complex enzyme accounts for 0.8 percent of the weight of the Chinese yam; the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing pullulanase and saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing a composition; the carbon dioxide is introduced in an amount such that the density of the formed foam slurry is 1.0g/cm3；
Adding 12 parts of montanic acid ester wax, 6 parts of yeast cell walls and 4 parts of alginate into 100 parts of yam concentrated pulp, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution;
mixing humic acid, ternary compound fertilizer and sophorolipid uniformly, adding water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ternary compound fertilizer to the sophorolipid to the water is 25: 42: 12: 5: 60, adding a solvent to the mixture;
fourthly, slowly adding the mixture obtained in the third step into the mixed liquid obtained in the second step, and carrying out temperature programming and heat preservation while continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 300 rpm; the mass ratio of the mixture obtained in the third step to the mixed liquid prepared in the second step is 2: 10;
grinding for 4 times by a colloid mill, homogenizing for 2 times by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous liquid, and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
And further, the spraying method of the foliar fertilizer in the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step is to spray 3 kilograms of foliar fertilizer to the leaf surface of wheat each time per mu by adding 25 kilograms of water, the fertilizer is sprayed before 8 o' clock in a semi-cloudy day or a sunny day, and the fertilizer liquid is sprayed to the leaf, the green stem or the ear of wheat.
Example 2
A high-quality wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a good wheat variety suitable for local planting, and airing the seeds for 2 days in sunny days; soaking seeds for 3 hours at 17-21 ℃ one day before sowing, and taking out the seeds after soaking; the seed soaking liquid used for seed soaking consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of sophorolipid, 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of alginate, 32 parts of ternary compound fertilizer and 130 parts of water.
(2) Sowing in a fine tillage land of 25 days in 8 months, adjusting the depth of wheat seeds in a sowing machine to 8cm before sowing, simultaneously applying seed fertilizers into deep soil layer by the sowing machine during wheat sowing, wherein the burying depths of the seed fertilizers are respectively 10-11cm and 28-30 cm; the fertilizer dosage per mu of the seed fertilizer is pure N, P2O5、K2O, calculated for 12 kg, 3 kg and 6 kg respectively; wherein the 10-11cm position is applied with 28% of total fertilizing amount, and the rest fertilizer is applied at 28-30cm position.
(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time in 2 months and 12 days, and irrigating in 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 40 cubic meters per mu;
(4) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the second time in 27 days after 3 months;
(5) spraying foliar fertilizer for the third time in 22 days after 4 months, and spraying the pesticide and the bactericide when the root diseases and insect pests occur in the period;
the leaf fertilizer prepared in the steps (3), (4) and (5) is prepared by adopting the following method:
adding ice water with the mass of 4 times into the Chinese yam, pulping, adding compound enzyme, performing enzymolysis for 2.0 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide, continuing performing heat preservation and enzymolysis for 2.0 hours, filtering and removing slag to obtain Chinese yam pulp, and performing vacuum concentration on the Chinese yam pulp at the temperature of 70 ℃ until the solid content is 40% to obtain Chinese yam concentrated pulp; the addition amount of the complex enzyme accounts for 1.2% of the weight of the Chinese yam; the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing pullulanase and saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing a composition; the carbon dioxide is introduced in an amount such that the density of the formed foam slurry is 1.2g/cm3；
Adding 12 parts of montanic acid ester wax, 6 parts of yeast cell walls and 4 parts of alginate into 100 parts of yam concentrated pulp, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution;
mixing humic acid, ternary compound fertilizer and sophorolipid uniformly, adding water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ternary compound fertilizer to the sophorolipid to the water is 25-35: 48: 6: 65;
fourthly, slowly adding the mixture obtained in the third step into the mixed liquid obtained in the second step, and carrying out temperature programming and keeping the temperature, wherein the mixture is continuously stirred at the rotating speed of 350 rpm during the temperature keeping period; the mass ratio of the mixture obtained in the third step to the mixed liquid prepared in the second step is 3: 10;
grinding for 5 times by a colloid mill, homogenizing for 3 times by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous liquid, and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
And further, the spraying method of the foliar fertilizer in the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step is to spray 3 kilograms of foliar fertilizer per mu each time, 25 kilograms of water is added to the foliar fertilizer to be sprayed on the wheat leaves, the fertilizer spraying is carried out before 8 o 'clock in a semi-cloudy day or a sunny day or after 6 o' clock in the afternoon, the fertilizer liquid needs to be sprayed on the leaves, the green stalks or the wheat ears, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed again after 24 hours of rain.
Comparative example 1
A high-quality wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a good wheat variety suitable for local planting, and airing the seeds for 2 days in sunny days;
(2) sowing in 8-month 25-day fine tillage land, adjusting the depth of wheat seeds of the sowing machine to 8cm before sowing, and sowing seeds and fertilizers during wheat sowingThe seed machine is simultaneously applied to deep soil layer by layer, and the burying depths of the seed fertilizer are respectively 10-11cm and 28-30 cm; the fertilizer dosage per mu of the seed fertilizer is pure N, P2O5、K2O, calculated for 12 kg, 3 kg and 6 kg respectively; wherein the 10-11cm position is applied with 28% of total fertilizing amount, and the rest fertilizer is applied at 28-30cm position.
(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time in 2 months and 12 days, and irrigating in 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 40 cubic meters per mu;
(4) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the second time in 27 days after 3 months;
(5) spraying foliar fertilizer for the third time in 22 days after 4 months, and spraying the pesticide and the bactericide when the root diseases and insect pests occur in the period;
the leaf fertilizer prepared in the steps (3), (4) and (5) is prepared by adopting the following method:
adding ice water with the mass of 4 times into the Chinese yam, pulping, adding compound enzyme, performing enzymolysis for 2.0 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide, continuing performing heat preservation and enzymolysis for 2.0 hours, filtering and removing slag to obtain Chinese yam pulp, and performing vacuum concentration on the Chinese yam pulp at the temperature of 70 ℃ until the solid content is 40% to obtain Chinese yam concentrated pulp; the addition amount of the complex enzyme accounts for 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the Chinese yam; the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing pullulanase and saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing a composition; the carbon dioxide is introduced in an amount such that the density of the formed foam slurry is 1.2g/cm3；
Adding 12 parts of montanic acid ester wax, 6 parts of yeast cell walls and 4 parts of alginate into 100 parts of yam concentrated pulp, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution;
mixing humic acid, ternary compound fertilizer and sophorolipid uniformly, adding water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ternary compound fertilizer to the sophorolipid to the water is 35: 48: 6: 65;
fourthly, slowly adding the mixture obtained in the third step into the mixed liquid obtained in the second step, and carrying out temperature programming and keeping the temperature, wherein the mixture is continuously stirred at the rotating speed of 350 rpm during the temperature keeping period; the mass ratio of the mixture obtained in the third step to the mixed liquid prepared in the second step is 3: 10;
grinding for 5 times by a colloid mill, homogenizing for 3 times by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous liquid, and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
And further, the spraying method of the foliar fertilizer in the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step is to spray 3 kilograms of foliar fertilizer per mu each time, 25 kilograms of water is added to the foliar fertilizer to be sprayed on the wheat leaves, the fertilizer spraying is carried out before 8 o 'clock in a semi-cloudy day or a sunny day or after 6 o' clock in the afternoon, the fertilizer liquid needs to be sprayed on the leaves, the green stalks or the wheat ears, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed again after 24 hours of rain.
Comparative example 2
A high-quality wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a good wheat variety suitable for local planting, and airing the seeds for 2 days in sunny days; soaking seeds for 3 hours at 17-21 ℃ one day before sowing, and taking out the seeds after soaking; the seed soaking liquid used for seed soaking consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of sophorolipid, 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of alginate, 32 parts of ternary compound fertilizer and 130 parts of water.
(2) Sowing in a fine tillage land of 25 days in 8 months, adjusting the depth of wheat seeds of the sowing machine to 6cm before sowing, and simultaneously applying seed fertilizers into deep soil layer by the sowing machine during wheat sowing, wherein the burying depths of the seed fertilizers are respectively 20-25 cm; the fertilizer dosage per mu of the seed fertilizer is pure N, P2O5、K2And O is calculated by 12 kg, 3 kg and 6 kg respectively.
(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time in 2 months and 12 days, and irrigating in 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 40 cubic meters per mu;
(4) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the second time in 27 days after 3 months;
(5) spraying foliar fertilizer for the third time in 22 days after 4 months, and spraying the pesticide and the bactericide when the root diseases and insect pests occur in the period;
the leaf fertilizer prepared in the steps (3), (4) and (5) is prepared by adopting the following method:
adding ice water with the mass of 4 times of that of the Chinese yam, pulping, adding compound enzyme, performing enzymolysis for 2.0 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide, continuing performing heat preservation and enzymolysis for 1.0 hour, filtering and removing slag to obtain Chinese yam pulp, and performing vacuum concentration on the Chinese yam pulp at the temperature of 65 ℃ until the solid content is 35 percent to obtain yam condensed pulp; the addition amount of the complex enzyme accounts for 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the Chinese yam; the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing pullulanase and saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing a composition; the carbon dioxide is introduced in an amount such that the density of the formed foam slurry is 1.0 to 1.2g/cm3；
Adding 12 parts of montanic acid ester wax, 6 parts of yeast cell walls and 4 parts of alginate into 100 parts of yam concentrated pulp, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution;
mixing humic acid, ternary compound fertilizer and sophorolipid uniformly, adding water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ternary compound fertilizer to the sophorolipid to the water is 30: 45: 6: 60-65 parts;
fourthly, slowly adding the mixture obtained in the third step into the mixed liquid obtained in the second step, and carrying out temperature programming and keeping the temperature, wherein the mixture is continuously stirred at the rotating speed of 350 rpm during the temperature keeping period; the mass ratio of the mixture obtained in the third step to the mixed liquid prepared in the second step is 3: 10;
grinding for 4-5 times by a colloid mill, homogenizing for 2-3 times by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous liquid, and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
And further, the spraying method of the foliar fertilizer in the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step is to spray 3 kilograms of foliar fertilizer per mu each time, 25 kilograms of water is added to the foliar fertilizer to be sprayed on the wheat leaves, the fertilizer spraying is carried out before 8 o 'clock in a semi-cloudy day or a sunny day or after 6 o' clock in the afternoon, the fertilizer liquid needs to be sprayed on the leaves, the green stalks or the wheat ears, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed again after 24 hours of rain.
Comparative example 3
A high-quality wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a good wheat variety suitable for local planting, and airing the seeds for 2 days in sunny days; soaking seeds for 3 hours at 17-21 ℃ one day before sowing, and taking out the seeds after soaking; the seed soaking liquid used for seed soaking consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of sophorolipid, 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of alginate, 32 parts of ternary compound fertilizer and 130 parts of water.
(2) Sowing in 8-month 25-day fine tillage land, adjusting the depth of wheat seeds in the sowing machine to 8cm before sowing, and simultaneously layering seed fertilizers by the sowing machine during wheat sowingApplying the fertilizer into deep soil, wherein the burying depth of the seed fertilizer is 10-11cm and 28-30cm respectively; the fertilizer dosage per mu of the seed fertilizer is pure N, P2O5、K2O, calculated for 12 kg, 3 kg and 6 kg respectively; wherein the 10-11cm position is applied with 28% of total fertilizing amount, and the rest fertilizer is applied at 28-30cm position.
(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time in 2 months and 12 days, and irrigating in 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 40 cubic meters per mu;
(4) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the second time in 27 days after 3 months;
(5) spraying foliar fertilizer for the third time in 22 days after 4 months, and spraying the pesticide and the bactericide when the root diseases and insect pests occur in the period;
the foliar fertilizer produced in the steps (3), (4) and (5) is the grouting grain saturation produced by Shandongbi Protect Biotech limited company, and is applied according to the instruction.
Comparative example 4
A high-quality wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a good wheat variety suitable for local planting, and airing the seeds for 2 days in sunny days; soaking seeds for 3 hours at 17-21 ℃ one day before sowing, and taking out the seeds after soaking; the seed soaking liquid used for seed soaking consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of sophorolipid, 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of alginate, 32 parts of ternary compound fertilizer and 130 parts of water.
(2) Sowing in a fine tillage land of 25 days in 8 months, adjusting the depth of wheat seeds in a sowing machine to 8cm before sowing, simultaneously applying seed fertilizers into deep soil layer by the sowing machine during wheat sowing, wherein the burying depths of the seed fertilizers are respectively 10-11cm and 28-30 cm; the fertilizer dosage per mu of the seed fertilizer is pure N, P2O5、K2O, calculated for 12 kg, 3 kg and 6 kg respectively; wherein the 10-11cm position is applied with 28% of total fertilizing amount, and the rest fertilizer is applied at 28-30cm position.
(3) Irrigating in 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation quantity is 40 cubic meters per mu;
the leaf fertilizer is prepared by the following method in step (3):
adding 4 times of ice by mass into Chinese yamPulping with water, adding complex enzyme, performing enzymolysis at 30 deg.C for 2.0 hr, introducing carbon dioxide, performing enzymolysis at constant temperature for 0.5-2.0 hr, filtering to remove residue to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae pulp, and vacuum concentrating at 60-70 deg.C until the solid content is 30-40% to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae concentrated pulp; the addition amount of the complex enzyme accounts for 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the Chinese yam; the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing pullulanase and saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing a composition; the carbon dioxide is introduced in an amount such that the density of the formed foam slurry is 1.2g/cm3；
Adding 12 parts of montanic acid ester wax, 6 parts of yeast cell walls and 4 parts of alginate into 100 parts of yam concentrated pulp, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution;
mixing humic acid, ternary compound fertilizer and sophorolipid uniformly, adding water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ternary compound fertilizer to the sophorolipid to the water is 30: 45: 5: 65;
fourthly, slowly adding the mixture obtained in the third step into the mixed solution prepared in the second step, raising the temperature by program, and keeping the temperature, wherein the mixture is continuously stirred at the rotating speed of 350 rpm in the period of keeping the temperature; the mass ratio of the mixture obtained in the third step to the mixed liquid prepared in the second step is 2-3: 10;
grinding for 4-5 times by a colloid mill, homogenizing for 2-3 times by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous liquid, and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
And further, the spraying method of the foliar fertilizer in the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step is to spray 3 kilograms of foliar fertilizer per mu each time, 25 kilograms of water is added to the foliar fertilizer to be sprayed on the wheat leaves, the fertilizer spraying is carried out before 8 o 'clock in a semi-cloudy day or a sunny day or after 6 o' clock in the afternoon, the fertilizer liquid needs to be sprayed on the leaves, the green stalks or the wheat ears, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed again after 24 hours of rain.
Application example
70 mu of wheat planting bases are selected from the wheat planting bases in Ningyang county in southwest of Shandong, the climate is dry in the wheat planting period of the area, the irrigation water is seriously insufficient, the wheat is planted according to the cultivation methods of the embodiment 1-2 and the comparative example 1-4, clear water is used as blank control, and the yield increase data is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Claims (4)
1. A high-quality wheat cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a good wheat variety suitable for being planted in Huang-Huai-Hai regions, and airing the seeds for 1-2 days in sunny days; soaking seeds for 2-3 hours at 17-21 ℃ one day before sowing, and taking out the seeds after soaking;
(2) fine tillage and land preparation for sowing from 18 days in 8 months to 25 days in 8 months, adjusting a sowing machine before sowing to ensure that the planting depth of wheat seeds is 6cm-8cm, simultaneously applying seed fertilizers into deep soil layer by the sowing machine during wheat sowing, wherein the burying depths of the seed fertilizers are respectively 10-11cm and 28-30 cm;
(3) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the first time from 2 months and 5 days to 2 months and 12 days, and irrigating in the period from 3 months and 10 days to 3 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 30-40 cubic meters per mu;
(4) spraying the foliar fertilizer for the second time from 20 days in 3 months to 27 days in 3 months;
(5) spraying foliar fertilizer for the third time from 15 days in 4 months to 22 days in 4 months, and spraying the pesticide and the bactericide according to the occurrence condition of plant diseases and insect pests in the period;
the leaf fertilizer prepared in the steps (3), (4) and (5) is prepared by adopting the following method:
(1) adding ice water with the mass of 3-4 times of that of the Chinese yam, pulping, adding compound enzyme, performing enzymolysis for 1.5-2.0h at 30 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide, continuing performing heat preservation and enzymolysis for 0.5-2.0h, filtering and removing slag to obtain Chinese yam pulp, and performing vacuum concentration on the Chinese yam pulp at 60-70 ℃ until the solid content is 30-40% to obtain Chinese yam concentrated pulp; the addition amount of the complex enzyme accounts for 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the Chinese yam; the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing pullulanase and saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, preparing a composition; the carbon dioxide is introduced in an amount such that the density of the formed foam slurry is 1.0 to 1.2g/cm3；
(2) Adding 12 parts of montanic acid ester wax, 6 parts of yeast cell walls and 4 parts of alginate into 100 parts of yam concentrated pulp, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution;
(3) uniformly mixing humic acid, ternary compound fertilizer and sophorolipid, adding water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ternary compound fertilizer to the sophorolipid to the water is 25-35: 42-48: 5-6: 60-65 parts;
(4) slowly adding the mixture obtained in the step (3) into the mixed solution prepared in the step (2), heating and preserving heat, and continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 300-; wherein the mass ratio of the mixture in the step (3) to the mixed solution prepared in the step (2) is 2-3: 10;
(5) grinding for 4-5 times by a colloid mill, homogenizing for 2-3 times by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous liquid, and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed soaking liquid used in the step (1) consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of sophorolipid, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 4-8 parts of alginate, 28-32 parts of ternary compound fertilizer and 130 parts of water.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the seed manure of step (2) is pure N, P per mu of fertilizer2O5、K2O, calculated for 12 kg, 3 kg and 6 kg respectively; wherein
Applying 25-28% of total fertilizer amount at 10-11cm, and applying the rest fertilizer at 28-30 cm.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer spraying method in the steps (3), (4) and (5) is that 3 kg of foliar fertilizer is used each time per mu, 25 kg of water is added to the foliar fertilizer to be sprayed on the wheat leaf surface, the foliar fertilizer spraying is carried out before 8 o 'clock in a semi-cloudy day or a sunny day or after 6 o' clock in the afternoon, the fertilizer liquid must be sprayed on the leaf, the green stalk or the ear of wheat, and the foliar fertilizer should be sprayed again in 24 hours after the spraying when raining.
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