CN105532343A - Selenium-rich rice precise cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of rice cultivation, in particular to a selenium-rich rice precise cultivation method. The method includes the following steps of preparing soil, applying base fertilizer, conducting rice seedling transplanting or semiarid nursery through a dry raising machine, conducting transplanting, transplanting rice seedlings in a seedling field to a large field before June 15th, applying fertilizer, applying tillering fertilizer at twice after transplanting, applying head sprouting fertilizer between the middle ten days of July and the first ten days of August, applying liquid organic selenium fertilizer to rice between the rice booting period and the full heading period, and conducting water-saving irrigation. By means of the standardized soil preparing, sowing and rice seedling transplanting, irrigating, and fertilizer applying technology, the quality and selenium content of rice are improved, and the rice yield is stabilized.

Description

A kind of precision cultivation method of selenium-enriched rice

technical field

The invention relates to the field of rice cultivation, in particular to a selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method.

Background technique

Existing precision cultivation techniques for selenium-enriched rice, methods of fertilization and selenium application, irrigation requirements, and seedling transplanting requirements are not standardized, and standardized operating procedures cannot be formed, making the production capacity and quality of selenium-enriched rice unstable.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method for improving the quality and selenium content of the selenium-enriched rice.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

(1) Soil preparation and basal fertilizer application;

(2) Transplanting seedlings by dry machine: seedlings are raised in plastic trays and sowed from May 25th to May 30th, with 100g~120g of sprouts per tray, and the area ratio of seedling field to field is 1:90; or wet seedling raising: in May Sow from the 15th to the 25th of May, the sowing rate of the seedling field is 25kg/667m ² to 30kg/667m ² , and the area ratio of the seedling field to the field is 1:7;

(3) Transplanting: Transplant the seedlings in the seedling field to the field before June 15;

(4) Fertilization: Apply tillering fertilizer twice after transplanting. The first application is 5-7 days after transplanting, 7kg-10kg of urea is applied per 667m2, and the ^second application is urea every 7 days after the first application of tillering fertilizer. 7kg～10kg; panicle fertilizer is applied between late July and early August, among which the flower-promoting fertilizer is applied when the remaining leaf age is ^4.0-3.5 , urea 12.5kg and potassium chloride 15kg are applied per 667m2, and the flower-preserving fertilizer is applied when the remaining leaf age is 2.0 Applied at ~1.5 o'clock, 10kg~15kg of urea per 667m2 ^; liquid organic selenium fertilizer was applied to rice from the booting to the full heading stage;

(5) Water-saving irrigation: In the tillering stage of transplanted seedlings, the shallow water layer is mainly used for irrigation, and the depth of the shallow water layer is 2cm to 3cm; when the total number of rice stems and tillers reaches 80% to 90% of the expected number of panicles, dehydration is carried out several times Leave lightly; when the total number of tillers in the whole field reaches 1.3-1.5 times the expected number of panicles, cut off the water and set aside the field; establish a shallow water layer when the rice leaves are down and 4 leaves tip out; light wet alternately within 20 days after heading, and keep moist after 20 days after heading , cut off water one week before harvest.

In the aforementioned selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method, in step (1), the specific steps of soil preparation are: carry out rotary tillage and bury the grass, control the rotary tillage to bury the water layer of the grass field, so that the high part of the field surface water layer can see piers and low parts There is water; make the field level, the surface soil is moderately soft and hard, and the field surface is free of weeds and sundries, and the field is prepared 1d to 2d before transplanting, and it is solid.

In the above-mentioned selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method, in step (1), the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer, and the proportions of effective components N, P, and K in the ternary fertilizer are equal.

The aforementioned selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method, in step (3), is divided into machine transplanting: row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 12cm, basic seedlings 50,000 to 60,000, and the water layer is kept at 2cm to 3cm during machine insertion. Fill shallow water to 2~3cm in time after machine transplanting, and replenish trees in time after machine transplanting; or artificial planting: row spacing 25cm, plant spacing 13cm～15cm, basic seedlings 50,000-60,000, artificial planting should be done in shallow water, deep water Live tree, keep a thin water layer after live tree.

In the above-mentioned precision cultivation method of selenium-enriched rice, in step (4), granular selenium fertilizer is applied to the soil 10 days before heading, the selenium content of the granular selenium fertilizer is 0.15g/kg, and the amount of granular selenium fertilizer per ^667m2 field 15kg-20kg; the selenium content of the liquid organic selenium fertilizer is 10g/L per 667m ² field, and the amount of liquid organic selenium fertilizer is 150ml-200ml.

In the above-mentioned selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method, the mass ratio of basal tiller fertilizer and ear fertilizer applied in the whole cultivation cycle is 7:3, and the ratio of basal tiller fertilizer and tiller fertilizer in the basal tiller fertilizer is 5:5. After the seedlings are transplanted to the field, they are transplanted seedlings.

The invention adopts standardized techniques of soil preparation, sowing and transplanting, irrigation and fertilization to improve rice quality and selenium content, and stabilize rice output. The rice yield per mu cultivated by the method of the invention is 644.7 kg/mu, and the selenium content is 114.3 micrograms/kg.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Variety selection

Nanjing 46, a high-quality, high-yield rice variety that passed the approval of the Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee and was successfully demonstrated locally, was selected. Seed quality should comply with the provisions of GB4404.1-2008.

land preparation

Select the appropriate straw returning model for rotary tillage and burying grass to improve the flatness of rotary tillage and burying grass. At the same time, strictly control the water layer of rotary tillage buried grass fields. Generally, the pier is seen at the high part of the water layer on the field surface and the water is present at the low part. The field surface is flat, the surface soil is moderately soft and hard, and there are no weeds and debris on the field surface. The field is prepared 1d to 2d before transplanting, and it is solid. Generally, the plowing depth is 15cm to 20cm, the soil is fine and soft, the field surface is flat, and the height does not exceed 3cm.

Precision cultivation technology

1. Sowing date and seeding rate

Dry seedling machine transplanting

Plastic tray seedlings should be sown in the seedling field from May 25th to May 30th. To thin the valley, sow 100g～120g of bud valley per plate, the amount of seed used in the field is 2.5kg/667m ² ～3.0kg/667m ² , the ratio of seedling to field is 1:90 (to the field area for seedling raising: the field area for transplanting area). Seedlings are raised first, and then transplanted to the field after the seedlings are grown.

wet nursery

For moist seedling raising, it is advisable to sow bud valleys from May 15th to May 25th. Appropriate sowing is required, the seeding rate in the seedling field is 25kg/667m ² ~ 30kg/667m ² , the seeding rate in the field is 3kg ~ 4kg per 667m ² , and the ratio of seedlings to large fields is 1:7 (same as above, field area for seedling raising: field area for transplanting ). Seedlings are raised first, and then transplanted to the field after the seedlings are grown.

2. Transplanting period

Transplanting is to move the seedlings from the seedling field to the field, and it should be completed before June 15. The seedling age of manual transplanting is about 30 days, and the seedling age of machine transplanting is controlled at about 20 days.

Planting density

machine planting

The row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 12cm, about 18,000 holes are planted per 667m ² , and the basic seedlings are 50,000 to 60,000. Keep the water layer at 2cm-3cm when machine-planting, and replenish shallow water (2-3cm) in time after machine-planting; maintain a reasonable speed when machine-planting, and replenish trees in time after planting (artificially replenish trees).

artificial planting

The row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 13cm-15cm, about ^20,000 holes are planted per 667m2, and the basic seedlings are 50,000-60,000. Artificial planting should be planted in shallow water (2~3cm), live in deep water (3~5cm), and maintain a thin water layer (2~3cm) after the live tree.

3. Fertility and water planning

precision fertilization

During the whole growth period, 18kg/667m ² to 20kg/667m ² of pure nitrogen was applied as nitrogen fertilizer, the ratio of basal tillering fertilizer to ear fertilizer was 7:3, and the ratio of basal tillering fertilizer to tillering fertilizer was 5:5. In order to maintain the excellent eating quality of Nanjing 46, the panicle fertilizer is mainly used to promote the growth, and generally no flower-preserving fertilizer is applied, and it is better to apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more organic fertilizer, and use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in combination. In terms of fertilizer planning, master the principles of fertilization, such as heavy before, steady in the middle, and supplement later, apply tillering fertilizer early, apply nitrogen fertilizer steadily at the jointing stage, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply panicle fertilizer to see seedlings in the later stage.

base fertilizer

Commodity organic fertilizer (fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer, etc.) is applied every 667m2. Organic fertilizer is a type of fertilizer obtained by the decomposition or fermentation of natural organic matter by microorganisms. It is also called farmyard manure in my country. Organic fertilizers mainly include straw, manure, Heap, retting manure, barn manure, green manure, etc.) 200kg, ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15 (the ratio of N, P, and K in the fertilizer, such as KCL, superphosphate, etc.) ) 40kg. Fertilization time: before planting and when preparing the soil.

Tillering

Apply twice after transplanting, 5 days to 7 days after the first transplant, apply 7kg to 10kg of urea per 667m2, and apply 7kg to 10kg of urea every 7 days for the ^second time.

Hoi

Apply at the end of July and early August. The flower-promoting fertilizer is applied when the leaf age remainder is 4.0-3.5, and 12.5 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium chloride are applied per 667 m ² . The flower-preserving fertilizer is applied when the remaining leaf age is 2.0-1.5, and 10kg-15kg of urea is applied per 667m ² .

4. Water saving irrigation

The tillering stage of transplanted seedlings (generally about 7 days after transplanting, and the tillering of rice starts about 10 days after transplanting)

The shallow water layer (2cm~3cm) is mainly used for irrigation, and the machine-transplanted seedlings are small, so it is enough to keep the field moist, and it is generally not suitable to establish a water layer.

put the field in advance

When the total number of tillers in the population reaches 80% to 90% of the expected number of ears (generally in late June to early July), the fertilizer and water should be controlled in time, and the water should be dehydrated several times. When the total number of tillers in the whole field reaches 1.3 to 1.5 times the expected number of spikes (usually in mid-July), the water will be cut off and the field will be put on hold.

jointing-mature stage

Establish a shallow water layer (2~3cm) when the 4 inverted leaves are exposed; within 20 days after heading, the shallow water alternates (wait for the water in the field to dry before watering), and keep it moist after 20 days (the difference between wet and shallow water layer: there is no obvious water layer , but water can be stepped on), and the water was cut off one week before harvest. Implement wet irrigation, dry and wet.

5. Precise application of selenium

Selenium fertilizer application amount Fertilization time (liquid organic selenium fertilizer should be applied to rice from the booting to the full earing stage (September 10-15 in Suzhou area), soil selenium is generally about 10 days before heading (August 10-15 in Suzhou area) 15th))

Use liquid organic selenium fertilizer (selenium content is 10g/L) per 667m ² dosage 150ml ~ 200ml (selenium content 1.5g ~ 2.0g), selenium-rich rice special granular selenium fertilizer (selenium content is 0.15g/kg) per 667m ² dosage 15kg～20kg (Selenium content 2.3g～3.0g).

Selenium fertilizer application method

Liquid organic selenium fertilizer is mixed with 25kg of water at the full heading stage of rice and then sprayed evenly with a sprayer. After spraying, it needs to be sprayed again in case of rainy weather. The selenium-enriched rice granular selenium fertilizer is uniformly applied at one time 10 days before the rice heading, and the water needs to be kept for 10-15 days after application.

6. Cultivation of high-yielding groups

In the early stage, the focus is on controlling ineffective tillers and improving the spike rate of stems and tillers, and in the middle and late stages, the purpose is to comprehensively improve the population quality and enhance the photosynthetic productivity of fruiting populations.

7. Integrated control of pests and weeds

In the production process, the prevention and control of diseases, insects and other harmful organisms adheres to the principle of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control, strictly controls the use of chemical pesticides, and implements GB4285 and GB/T8321.

Seed soaking with pesticides before sowing prevents bakanae and other seed-borne diseases. During the growth period, according to the forecast of the local plant protection department, timely control of pests and diseases, unified chemical formula, unified control time, unified professional control, and comprehensively promote the use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and biological pesticides to control pests and diseases. In the early stage, prevent and control SBPH and rice thrips, and in the middle and late stage, control the stem borer, stem borer, leaf roller, rice planthopper, etc., and pay special attention to the prevention and control of panicle blast and sheath blight.

Weed control is mainly based on the application of herbicides. Field cultivation can be carried out where conditions permit. Generally, 120g of 35% butylbenzyl wettable powder is used for every ^667m2 , 5d to 7d after transplanting, mixed with urea or tidal fine soil when the rice seedlings have taken root, and sprayed with water layer when spraying, and keep a thin water layer for 5d ~7d.

8. harvest

90% of the harvest is fully ripe. It is recommended to use a combine harvester for harvesting and threshing to prevent rolling and threshing; avoid rain.

It should be noted that the above descriptions are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process conversion made by using the content of the description of the present invention, or directly or indirectly used in other Related technical fields are all included in the patent protection scope of the present invention in the same way.

Claims (6)

1. a selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method, comprising the steps: (1) Soil preparation and basal fertilizer application; (2) Transplanting seedlings by dry machine: seedlings are raised in plastic trays and sowed from May 25th to May 30th, with 100g~120g of sprouts per tray, and the area ratio of seedling field to field is 1:90; or wet seedling raising: in May Sow from the 15th to the 25th of May, the sowing rate of the seedling field is 25kg/667m ² to 30kg/667m ² , and the area ratio of the seedling field to the field is 1:7; (3) Transplanting: Transplant the seedlings in the seedling field to the field before June 15; (4) Fertilization: Apply tillering fertilizer twice after transplanting. The first application is 5-7 days after transplanting, 7kg-10kg of urea is applied per 667m2, and the ^second application is urea every 7 days after the first application of tillering fertilizer. 7kg～10kg; panicle fertilizer is applied between late July and early August, among which the flower-promoting fertilizer is applied when the remaining leaf age is ^4.0-3.5 , urea 12.5kg and potassium chloride 15kg are applied per 667m2, and the flower-preserving fertilizer is applied when the remaining leaf age is 2.0 Applied at ~1.5 o'clock, 10kg~15kg of urea per 667m2 ^; liquid organic selenium fertilizer was applied to rice from the booting to the full heading stage; (5) Water-saving irrigation: In the tillering stage of transplanted seedlings, the shallow water layer is mainly used for irrigation, and the depth of the shallow water layer is 2cm to 3cm; when the total number of rice stems and tillers reaches 80% to 90% of the expected number of panicles, dehydration is carried out several times Leave lightly; when the total number of tillers in the whole field reaches 1.3-1.5 times the expected number of panicles, cut off the water and set aside the field; establish a shallow water layer when the rice leaves are down and 4 leaves tip out; light wet alternately within 20 days after heading, and keep moist after 20 days after heading , cut off water one week before harvest. 2. A selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the specific steps of soil preparation are: perform rotary tillage to bury grass, control rotary tillage to bury grass field water layer, Make the high part of the water layer on the field surface see piers and the low part have water; make the field surface flat, the surface soil soft and hard, and the field surface free of weeds and sundries, and prepare the ground 1d to 2d before transplanting to make it firm. 3. A selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step (1), the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer, and the active ingredients N, P, and K in the ternary fertilizer are The ratio is equal. 4. A selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (3), it is divided into machine transplanting: row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 12cm, basic seedlings 50,000-60,000 , keep the water layer at 2cm-3cm during machine transplanting, replenish shallow water to 2-3cm in time after machine transplanting, and replenish trees in time after machine transplanting; or manual planting: row spacing 25cm, plant spacing 13cm-15cm, basic seedlings 50,000-60,000, Artificial planting should be planted in shallow water, live in deep water, and keep a thin water layer after the live tree. 5. A selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (4), applying granular selenium fertilizer to the soil 10 days before heading, the selenium content of the granular selenium fertilizer is 0.15g /kg, the dosage of granular selenium fertilizer per ^667m2 field is 15kg～20kg; the selenium content of the liquid organic selenium fertilizer is 10g/L per 667m2 field. ^The dosage of liquid organic selenium fertilizer is 150ml～200ml. 6. a kind of selenium-enriched rice precision cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the mass ratio of the basal tiller manure and ear manure applied during the whole growth period of rice is 7: 3, and the basal manure and the ear manure in the basal tiller manure are 7: 3. The tillering fertilizer ratio is 5:5.