CN102077722B - Fertilization method for reducing pollution emissions - Google Patents
Fertilization method for reducing pollution emissions Download PDFInfo
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- CN102077722B CN102077722B CN 201010524621 CN201010524621A CN102077722B CN 102077722 B CN102077722 B CN 102077722B CN 201010524621 CN201010524621 CN 201010524621 CN 201010524621 A CN201010524621 A CN 201010524621A CN 102077722 B CN102077722 B CN 102077722B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilization method for reducing pollution emissions, which comprises the following steps of: determining 90 percent of theoretical fertilizing amount of a planted crop as an optimal fertilizing amount; applying all organic fertilizer and 50 percent of chemical fertilizer as base fertilizers, and covering the fertilizers by using earth to deeply bury the fertilizers after the fertilizers are applied, wherein the residual chemical fertilizer serves as an additional fertilizer; and applying the additional fertilizer in an amount of 30 percent based on the total weight of the chemical fertilizer in the first time, applying the additional fertilizer in an amount of 20 percent based on the total weight of the chemical fertilizer in the second time, covering the additional fertilizer by using the earth to deeply bury the additional fertilizer after the additional fertilizer is applied, and irrigating the crop after 10 days. The fertilization method can reduce nitrogen loss by 60 to 67 percent, reduce phosphorus loss by 3 to 40 percent, reduce potassium loss by 20 to 25 percent and simultaneously achieve the optimal effects of maximizing the fertilizer utilization rate and minimizing the environmental pollutions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural pollution control field, relate in particular to a kind of minimizing widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, improve the fertilizing method of utilization rate of fertilizer.
Background technology
In agricultural production, the increase of fertilizer amount, one side has improved the output of unit are, brings the people economic benefit; Owing to blindly use and excessive input, brought universally acknowledged adverse effect and serious harm for the natural environment of human survival on the other hand.Particularly in China, China's chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is very low at present, and nitrogen utilization efficiency is about 30%～35%, and phosphorus is about 10%～20%, and potassium is about 35%～50%.Improper the using to China's environment of chemical fertilizer brought immense pressure, mainly is presented as three aspects: the one, and nitrogen gets into atmospheric environment, has increased " greenhouse gases ", causes global air temperature warming; The 2nd, the nitrogen P elements flows into the aqueous systems system with the footpath, causes water body " eutrophication "; The 3rd, single nutritive element is superfluous in the soil, causes soil that the absorption efficiency of other nutritive elements is reduced, and has destroyed the inherent balance of soil.
Trace it to its cause, there is following problem in China's agricultural fertilizer method: the one, still continue out-of-date fertilising theory, and promptly blindly apply fertilizer by experience, be careless about Application Ratio, pursue the maximization of fertilizing amount etc.The imbalance of Application Ratio has caused the most of farmlands of China " the few phosphorus potassium deficiency of many nitrogen ", for environmental pollution hides some dangers for.The 2nd, too rely on chemical fertilizer, do not pay attention to using of fertilizer, a large amount of like this chemical fertilizer element losses has not only influenced the farmland fertility and also environment has been caused serious harm.The 3rd, the not science of fertilization mode is only paid attention to applying of base fertilizer, or the disposable of fertilizer applies; Most of in addition peasants still adopt traditional manual work to spread fertilizer over the fields the way on time ground then when topdressing to crop, though save labor, very easily cause the volatilization and the loss of chemical fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the weak point of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the fertilizing method of a kind of high benefit, low emission, of low pollution, this method can reach the minimized optimum efficiency of the maximization and the environmental pollution of utilization rate of fertilizer simultaneously.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme:
A kind of fertilizing method that reduces disposal of pollutants comprises following operating procedure:
(1) confirms optimum fertilizing amount: 90% of the theoretical fertilizing amount of crops is confirmed as optimum fertilizing amount;
(2) apply base fertilizer: adopt fertilizer and chemical fertilizer mixed applying, fertilizer all applies, and chemical fertilizer applies 50% of chemical fertilizer gross mass, and earthing is buried after the fertilising; Said fertilizer adopts the method for zanjon row replacement to apply, and said chemical fertilizer is employed in the method for spreading manuer in holes apart from crop 5cm place and applies;
(3) topdress: topdress for the first time and apply 30% of chemical fertilizer gross mass, topdress for the second time and apply 20% of chemical fertilizer gross mass, said chemical fertilizer is employed in the method for spreading manuer in holes apart from crop 5cm place and applies; Earthing is buried after the fertilising, the irrigation of watering after 10 days.
The said fertilizer of step (2) is the farmyard manure of composting by fermentation; Said chemical fertilizer is the mixed fertilizer of controlled release fertilizer, composite fertilizer and single-element fertilizer.
Said single-element fertilizer is superphosphate fertilizer or potassium chloride fertilizer.
The sowing amount of said fertilizer is 50% of a nitrogen fertilising aggregate demand quality; The sowing amount that said controlled release is fertile is 50% of a nitrogen fertilising aggregate demand quality; Remaining phosphorus and potassium element amount of application replenish with composite fertilizer or single-element fertilizer, and the sowing amount of said composite fertilizer and single-element fertilizer is used according to the demand of Different Crop.
The said base fertilizer that applies in step (2) and (3) is apart from soil surface 30～35cm with the fertilization depth that topdresses.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect: fertilizing method of the present invention is simple to operate, can reach simultaneously to promote utilization rate of fertilizer and the optimum efficiency that reduces environmental pollution; Through experiment showed, that in a large number this fertilizing method can make nitrogen loss reduce 60～67%, P elements runs off and reduces 31～40%, and potassium element runs off and reduces about 20～25%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
It is cultivated whole to choose the plot that certain slope is arranged, and every experimental plot area is 10 * 10m
2, one jiao is dug a length and width, is the runoff collecting pit of 200cm * 100cm * 75cm deeply in the sub-district; Raining, the footpath that produces flows into the runoff collecting pit, the collection water sample carries out assay determination;
Planting plant is corn, and base fertilizer is used the fertilizer of 85.7kg composting, and 5.4kg controlled release bright spring day is fertile, 4.8kg superphosphate and 1.8kg potassium chloride fertilizer; Fertilization depth is 30～35cm, and fertilizer adopts the method for zanjon row replacement, and controlled release is fertile to mix the method for spreading manuer in holes apart from corn 5cm place that is employed in afterwards with other chemical fertilizer, covers buried after the fertilising at once;
Use fertilizer top dressing at twice in corn shooting stage and pustulation period, be for the first time: the fertile 3.2kg of controlled release bright spring day, superphosphate 2.9kg and potassium chloride 1.1kg; Topdress for the second time and be the fertile 2.1kg of controlled release bright spring day, superphosphate 1.9kg and potassium chloride 0.7kg; Fertilizing type is for to spread manuer in holes apart from corn 5cm place, and fertilization depth is 30～35cm, returns soil after the fertilising at once and covers, and waters on a small quantity after 10 days;
Contrast be treated to the fertilising of whole employing single-element fertilizers, i.e. urea 13kg, superphosphate 25.5kg, potassium chloride 7.5kg; Wherein 70% of the chemical fertilizer total amount make base fertilizer, 30% remaining disposable topdressing applies, and fertilization mode all for spreading fertilizer over the fields time ground, is irrigated after the fertilising at once;
Through nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium element in the runoff after mensuration irrigation and the rainfall; The result finds: adopt the nitrogen phosphorus potassium loss of the experimental field that reduces discharging fertilising to be respectively: 1.1kg, 1.4kg and 1.1kg, and the loss of the nutritive element of contrast is nitrogen 3.18kg, phosphorus is 2.1kg; Potassium element is 1.4kg; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reduce discharging 65%, 32% and 21% respectively relatively, have reached desirable effect.
Embodiment 2:
It is cultivated whole to choose the plot that certain slope is arranged, and every experimental plot area is 10 * 10m
2, one jiao is dug a length and width, is the runoff collecting pit of 200cm * 100cm * 75cm deeply in the sub-district; Raining, the footpath that produces flows into the runoff collecting pit, the collection water sample carries out assay determination;
Planting plant is Ipomoea batatas; Fertilizer, the 4.5kg that base fertilizer is used the 71.4kg composting executes can rich controlled release fertile, 3.4kg superphosphate and 5.2kg potassium chloride; In the degree of depth is 30～35cm place zanjon bar organic fertilizer apart from ground, at the chemical fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes apart from Ipomoea batatas 5cm place, and earthing is buried at once after real tillage;
Early stage and mid-term in Ipomoea batatas growth topdress twice respectively, and topdressing amount is respectively: applying for the first time can rich controlled release fertilizer 2.7kg, superphosphate 2.0kg and potassium chloride 3.1kg; Applying for the second time can the fertile 1.8kg of rich controlled release, superphosphate 1.3kg and potassium chloride 2.1kg; Fertilizing type also is that the employing fertilization depth is the method for the buried earthing in 30～35cm place for to spread manuer in holes apart from Ipomoea batatas 5cm place, the irrigation of watering afterwards in 10 days of applying fertilizer;
The single-element fertilizer fertilising is all adopted in the processing that contrasts with it, promptly applies urea 10.8kg altogether, superphosphate 20.0kg, potassium chloride 13.7kg; Wherein, 70% of chemical fertilizer total amount is made base fertilizer, remaining 30% mid-term of Ipomoea batatas growth as disposable the applying of topdressing, fertilization mode is all for spreading fertilizer over the fields time ground, irrigation at once after the fertilising;
Through nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium element in the runoff after the mensuration rainfall; The result finds: adopt the nitrogen phosphorus potassium loss in the experimental field that reduces discharging fertilising to be respectively: 0.8kg, 0.7kg and 1.6kg, and the loss of the nutritive element of contrast is nitrogen 2.25kg, phosphorus is 1.1kg; Potassium element is 2.0kg; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reduce discharging 63%, 39% and 22% respectively relatively, also can reach the effect that reduces discharging.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; All should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. fertilizing method that reduces disposal of pollutants is characterized in that comprising following operating procedure:
(1) confirms optimum fertilizing amount: 90% of the theoretical fertilizing amount of crops is confirmed as optimum fertilizing amount;
(2) apply base fertilizer: adopt fertilizer and chemical fertilizer mixed applying, fertilizer all applies, and chemical fertilizer applies 50% of chemical fertilizer gross mass, and earthing is buried after the fertilising; Said fertilizer adopts the method for zanjon row replacement to apply, and said chemical fertilizer is employed in the method for spreading manuer in holes apart from crop 5cm place and applies; Said fertilizer is the farmyard manure of composting by fermentation; Said chemical fertilizer is the mixed fertilizer of controlled release fertilizer, composite fertilizer and single-element fertilizer; Said single-element fertilizer is superphosphate fertilizer or potassium chloride fertilizer; The sowing amount of said fertilizer is 50% of a nitrogen fertilising aggregate demand quality; The sowing amount that said controlled release is fertile is 50% of a nitrogen fertilising aggregate demand quality; Remaining phosphorus and potassium element amount of application replenish with composite fertilizer or single-element fertilizer, and the sowing amount of said composite fertilizer and single-element fertilizer is used according to the demand of Different Crop;
(3) topdress: topdress for the first time and apply 30% of chemical fertilizer gross mass, topdress for the second time and apply 20% of chemical fertilizer gross mass, said chemical fertilizer is employed in the method for spreading manuer in holes apart from crop 5cm place and applies; Earthing is buried after the fertilising, the irrigation of watering after 10 days.
2. a kind of fertilizing method that reduces disposal of pollutants according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the said base fertilizer that applies in step (2) and (3) is apart from soil surface 30～35cm with the fertilization depth that topdresses.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010524621 CN102077722B (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Fertilization method for reducing pollution emissions |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010524621 CN102077722B (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Fertilization method for reducing pollution emissions |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102077722A CN102077722A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
| CN102077722B true CN102077722B (en) | 2012-03-28 |
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| CN 201010524621 Expired - Fee Related CN102077722B (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Fertilization method for reducing pollution emissions |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102612909B (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-04-24 | 中国农业大学 | Local-regulation-based fertilizing method for seed manure special for corns |
| CN103053254B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-12-31 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Pollution-reducing fertilization method in rice paddy field |
| CN103109634B (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-04-30 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Green Chinese onion fertilizing method for reducing soil nitrate nitrogen leaching loss |
| CN103125193A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-06-05 | 周海燕 | Fertilizer recommending method for winter wheat |
| CN104145584B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-05-18 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of fertilizing method that utilizes fertilizer and fertilizer mixed applying to reduce nonirrigated farmland plantation blowdown |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1354160A (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2002-06-19 | 中国科学院黑龙江农业现代化研究所 | Organic agricultural composite fertilizer for black soil area |
| CN1489893A (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-21 | 免 肖 | Rice planting method for producing ecological rice |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1354160A (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2002-06-19 | 中国科学院黑龙江农业现代化研究所 | Organic agricultural composite fertilizer for black soil area |
| CN1489893A (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-21 | 免 肖 | Rice planting method for producing ecological rice |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 黄国勤等.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策.《生态环境》.2004,第13卷(第4期),第656-660页. * |
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