CN103125193A - Fertilizer recommending method for winter wheat - Google Patents
Fertilizer recommending method for winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN103125193A CN103125193A CN2013100786753A CN201310078675A CN103125193A CN 103125193 A CN103125193 A CN 103125193A CN 2013100786753 A CN2013100786753 A CN 2013100786753A CN 201310078675 A CN201310078675 A CN 201310078675A CN 103125193 A CN103125193 A CN 103125193A
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Abstract
The invention provides a fertilizer recommending method for winter wheat. The fertilizer recommending method comprises three steps of detecting soil nutrients, calculating a fertilizer recommending amount and fertilizing. The fertilizer recommending method achieves the purpose of scientific and reasonable fertilization, can prevent soil nutrient loss, imbalance, surface source pollution and soil acidification, can ensure proper fertilization, improve the yield of the winter wheat and enhance the fertilizer utilization rate, and is particularly suitable for fertilization of the winter wheat.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention designs a kind of fertilization recommendation method, particularly a kind of winter wheat fertilization recommendation method.
Background technology:
At present, China's Crops in Applying Fertilizer, the particularly fertilising of winter wheat, most farmers is not being understood in the regulation of fertilizer requirement situation of soil nutrient status and wheat, continue to use habitual fertilizer application mode, this just exists fertilising excessive always, and Application Ratio is problem improperly, therefore, cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification more and more heavier; Use in a large number for a long time chemical fertilizer, generally at 300-400kg/ mu, utilization rate of fertilizer is lower for wheat yield, and its availability nitrogenous fertilizer is only 24%, and phosphate fertilizer is 21%, and potash fertilizer is 45%.
Summary of the invention:
It is proper that purpose of the present invention just is to provide a kind of fertilising, do not cause the winter wheat fertilization recommendation method of loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification, raising output.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of winter wheat fertilization recommendation method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: selecting block area after the winter wheat results is the wheat paddock of 1.5-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent ", " multiple spot mixing ", the sampled point 15-20 of each sample, sampling depth is 0-20cm, leaves and takes the 1kg sample according to quartering;
2) detect: the indoor natural wind dry soil samples, reject stone and impurity, carry out subsequently soil and detect, detect organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, obtain the soil nutrient detected value;
2. recommended fertilizer calculates:
According to the result that soil detects, carry out the calculating of recommended fertilizer, unit is kilogram, formula is calculated as follows:
Every mu of urea amount of application=(0.025 * target output+CN)/0.46, CN is underlying parameter, value is 2-4, soil organic matter detected value＞12g/kg, CN=2; Soil organic matter detected value＜12g/kg, CN=4;
Every mu of superphosphate amount of application=(0.015 * target output+(15-soil available phosphorus detected value) * 0.1+CP)/0.12, CP is underlying parameter, value is 1-2, soil available phosphorus detected value＞30mg/kg, CP=1; Soil available phosphorus detected value＜30mg/kg, CP=2;
Every mu of potassium chloride amount of application: determine according to Soil Available potassium detected value,
Soil Available potassium detected value＞100mg/kg, not application of potash fertilizer;
Soil Available potassium detected value is used potassium chloride 6.7kg for every mu between 80-100mg/kg;
Soil Available potassium detected value＜80mg/kg uses potassium chloride 13.3kg for every mu;
3. fertilising:
According to the result of above calculating, apply fertilizer at twice after joining in proportion fertilizer, now with the current.
Fertilising of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1. before wheat cultivation, take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main, phosphorus potash fertilizer is disposable to be applied, the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is 40% of total amount, the method of applying is to be manured into soil after the azophoska mixing, and mixes with soil, apply before rainfall or apply fertilizer after pour water; 2. period of seedling establishment, apply remaining 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, and application process is ditch spread, applies at the trench digging in the ranks of wheat, and the ditch spread degree of depth is 6-10cm, pours water after fertilising.
120% of the mean value that target output suggestion of the present invention is the first three years output for average annual output.
CN of the present invention depends primarily on soil organic matter content and managerial skills, and CP depends primarily on soil available phosphorus quantity.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
Soil nutrient detection, fertilization recommendation calculate owing to having adopted, three steps of fertilising, and the soil has been carried out balance fertilizing, thereby, do not cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification, apply fertilizer proper, and can improve wheat yield more than 10%, utilization rate of fertilizer improves 3-5%.
The method has considered the theory of nutrient balance method, Fertilizer effect function, and in conjunction with the current wheat practice in Shandong Province at present, the recommendation pattern is easy, is easy to grasp.
The winter wheat test result of multiple spot shows, uses the fertilising of this recommend method with not using this recommend method to compare, and yield component mu spike number and thousand kernel weight and output all increase, and particular content sees the following form:
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: selecting block area after the winter wheat results is the wheat paddock of 1.5-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent ", " multiple spot mixing ", the sampled point 15-20 of each sample, sampling depth is 0-20cm, leaves and takes the 1kg sample according to quartering;
2) detect: the indoor natural wind dry soil samples, reject stone and impurity, carry out subsequently soil and detect, detect organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, obtain the soil nutrient detected value; Organic mensuration adopted potassium dichromate method, available phosphorus is measured and is adopted sodium bicarbonate extraction molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium to measure employing acetic acid by extracting flare photometer, and the soil nutrient detected value in the plot of taking a sample is organic 6.2g/kg, available phosphorus 21.6mg/kg, available potassium 44mg/kg.
2. recommended fertilizer calculates:
According to the result that soil detects, carry out the calculating of recommended fertilizer, unit is kilogram, and target output is 360 kilograms, and formula is calculated as follows:
Every mu of urea amount of application=(0.025 * target output+CN)/0.46=(0.025 * 360+4)/0.46=28.3 kilogram
Because the soil organic matter is 6.2g/kg, soil organic matter detected value＜12g/kg, so the CN value is 4.
Every mu of superphosphate amount of application=(0.015 * target output+(15-soil available phosphorus detected value) * 0.1+CP)/0.12=(0.015 * 360+ (15-21.6) * 0.1+2)/0.12=56.2 kilogram
Because soil available phosphorus is 21.6mg/kg, soil available phosphorus detected value＜30mg/kg, so CP=2.
Every mu of potassium chloride amount of application: determine according to Soil Available potassium detected value, Soil Available potassium detected value＜80mg/kg uses potassium chloride 13.3kg for every mu.
3. fertilising: according to the result of above calculating, apply fertilizer at twice after joining in proportion fertilizer, now with the current, 1. before wheat cultivation, take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main, phosphorus potash fertilizer is disposable to be applied, the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is 40% of total amount, the method of applying is to be manured into soil after the azophoska mixing, and mixes with soil, apply before rainfall or apply fertilizer after pour water; 2. period of seedling establishment, apply remaining 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, and application process is ditch spread, applies at the trench digging in the ranks of wheat, and the ditch spread degree of depth is 6-10cm, pours water after fertilising.
Embodiment 2:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: selecting block area after the winter wheat results is the wheat paddock of 1.5-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent ", " multiple spot mixing ", the sampled point 15-20 of each sample, sampling depth is 0-20cm, leaves and takes the 1kg sample according to quartering;
2) detect: the indoor natural wind dry soil samples, reject stone and impurity, carry out subsequently soil and detect, detect organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, obtain the soil nutrient detected value; Organic mensuration adopted potassium dichromate method, available phosphorus is measured and is adopted the anti-colorimetric method of sodium bicarbonate extraction molybdenum pin, available potassium to measure employing acetic acid by extracting flare photometer, and the soil nutrient detected value in the plot of taking a sample is organic 11g/kg, available phosphorus 26.0mg/kg, available potassium 99mg/kg.
2. recommended fertilizer calculates:
According to the result that soil detects, carry out the calculating of recommended fertilizer, unit is kilogram, and target output is 408 kilograms, and formula is calculated as follows:
Every mu of urea amount of application=(0.025 * target output+CN)/0.46=(0.025 * 408+4)/0.46=30.9 kilogram
Because the soil organic matter is 11g/kg, soil organic matter detected value＜12g/kg, thereby CN=4.
Every mu of superphosphate amount of application=(0.015 * target output+(15-soil available phosphorus detected value) * 0.1+CP)/0.12=(0.015 * 408+ (15-26.0) * 0.1+2)/0.12=58.5 kilogram
Because soil available phosphorus is 26.0mg/kg,, soil available phosphorus detected value＜30mg/kg, thereby CP=2.
Every mu of potassium chloride amount of application: determine according to Soil Available potassium detected value, Soil Available potassium detected value is used potassium chloride 6.7kg for every mu between 80-100mg/kg;
3. fertilising: with embodiment 1
Embodiment 3:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: selecting block area after the winter wheat results is the wheat paddock of 1.5-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent ", " multiple spot mixing ", the sampled point 15-20 of each sample, sampling depth is 0-20cm, leaves and takes the 1kg sample according to quartering;
2) detect: the indoor natural wind dry soil samples, reject stone and impurity, carry out subsequently soil and detect, detect organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, obtain the soil nutrient detected value; Organic mensuration adopted potassium dichromate method, available phosphorus is measured and is adopted sodium bicarbonate extraction molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium to measure employing acetic acid by extracting flare photometer, and the soil nutrient detected value in the plot of taking a sample is organic 12.2g/kg, available phosphorus 37mg/kg, available potassium 128mg/kg.
2. recommended fertilizer calculates:
According to the result that soil detects, carry out the calculating of recommended fertilizer, unit is kilogram, and target output is 480 kilograms, and formula is calculated as follows:
Every mu of urea amount of application=(0.025 * target output+CN)/0.46=(0.025 * 480+2)/0.46=30.4 kilogram
Because the soil organic matter is 12.2g/kg, soil organic matter detected value＞12g/kg, thereby CN=2.
Every mu of superphosphate amount of application=(0.015 * target output+(15-soil available phosphorus detected value) * 0.1+CP)/0.12=(0.015 * 480+ (15-37) * 0.1+1)/0.12=50 kilogram
Because soil available phosphorus is 37mg/kg, soil available phosphorus detected value＞30mg/kg, CP=1.
Every mu of potassium chloride amount of application: determine Soil Available potassium detected value＞100mg/kg, not application of potash fertilizer according to Soil Available potassium detected value.
3. fertilising: with embodiment 1.
Claims (2)
1. winter wheat fertilization recommendation method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: selecting block area after the winter wheat results is the wheat paddock of 1.5-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent ", " multiple spot mixing ", the sampled point 15-20 of each sample, sampling depth is 0-20cm, leaves and takes the 1kg sample according to quartering;
2) detect: the indoor natural wind dry soil samples, reject stone and impurity, carry out subsequently soil and detect, detect organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, obtain the soil nutrient detected value;
2. recommended fertilizer calculates:
According to the result that soil detects, carry out the calculating of recommended fertilizer, unit is kilogram, formula is calculated as follows:
Every mu of urea amount of application=(0.025 * target output+CN)/0.46, CN is underlying parameter, value is 2-4, soil organic matter detected value＞12g/kg, CN=2; Soil organic matter detected value＜12g/kg, CN=4;
Every mu of superphosphate amount of application=(0.015 * target output+(15-soil available phosphorus detected value) * 0.1+CP)/0.12, CP is underlying parameter, value is 1-2, soil available phosphorus detected value＞30mg/kg, CP=1; Soil available phosphorus detected value＜30mg/kg, CP=2;
Every mu of potassium chloride amount of application: determine according to Soil Available potassium detected value,
Soil Available potassium detected value＞100mg/kg, not application of potash fertilizer;
Soil Available potassium detected value is used potassium chloride 6.7kg for every mu between 80-100mg/kg;
Soil Available potassium detected value＜80mg/kg uses potassium chloride 13.3kg for every mu;
3. fertilising:
According to the result of above calculating, apply fertilizer at twice after joining in proportion fertilizer, now with the current.
2. winter wheat fertilization recommendation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fertilising comprises the following steps:
1. before wheat cultivation, take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main, phosphorus potash fertilizer is disposable to be applied, and the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is 40% of total amount, and the method for applying is to be manured into soil after the azophoska mixing, and mixes with soil, apply before rainfall or apply fertilizer after pour water;
2. period of seedling establishment, apply remaining 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, and application process is ditch spread, applies at the trench digging in the ranks of wheat, and the ditch spread degree of depth is 6-10cm, pours water after fertilising.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104025789A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-09-10 | 汉中市农业技术推广中心 | Technology for reducing application amount of potash fertilizer of agricultural crops |
| CN104813789A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 北京市农林科学院 | Beijing region winter wheat divisional nitrogen application method giving consideration to area yield and environmental risk |
| CN105165215A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Optimized recommended fertilization method for soybeans |
| CN107182410A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-22 | 山西农业大学 | A kind of Winter Wheat in Rainfed quantitative fertilization method |
| CN108575239A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-09-28 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method improving Winter Wheat Nitrogen utilization ratio |
| CN108633424A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-10-12 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of winter wheat fertilization method |
| CN109392396A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-01 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of recommendation method of administration of wheat phosphatization fertilizer |
| CN109523417A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of recommendation method of administration of wheat nitrogen chemical fertilizer |
| CN111201873A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-29 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for calculating nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consumption of wheat and proportion thereof |
| CN112544158A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for rapidly and stably increasing content of soil-growing organic matter in newly reclaimed paddy field in south |
| CN116636369A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-08-25 | 长春理工大学 | Fertilizing method based on visible-near infrared spectrum technology |
| CN117716942A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-03-19 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for restoring degraded grassland in implanted mode |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104025789A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-09-10 | 汉中市农业技术推广中心 | Technology for reducing application amount of potash fertilizer of agricultural crops |
| CN104813789A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 北京市农林科学院 | Beijing region winter wheat divisional nitrogen application method giving consideration to area yield and environmental risk |
| CN105165215A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Optimized recommended fertilization method for soybeans |
| CN107182410B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-05-08 | 山西农业大学 | Quantitative fertilization method for dry land winter wheat |
| CN107182410A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-22 | 山西农业大学 | A kind of Winter Wheat in Rainfed quantitative fertilization method |
| CN108575239A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-09-28 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method improving Winter Wheat Nitrogen utilization ratio |
| CN108633424A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-10-12 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of winter wheat fertilization method |
| CN109392396A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-01 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of recommendation method of administration of wheat phosphatization fertilizer |
| CN109523417A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of recommendation method of administration of wheat nitrogen chemical fertilizer |
| CN111201873A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-29 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for calculating nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consumption of wheat and proportion thereof |
| CN112544158A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for rapidly and stably increasing content of soil-growing organic matter in newly reclaimed paddy field in south |
| CN116636369A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-08-25 | 长春理工大学 | Fertilizing method based on visible-near infrared spectrum technology |
| CN117716942A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-03-19 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for restoring degraded grassland in implanted mode |
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Application publication date: 20130605 |