CN105210694A - A kind of mung bean plantation soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method - Google Patents
A kind of mung bean plantation soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105210694A CN105210694A CN201510719380.9A CN201510719380A CN105210694A CN 105210694 A CN105210694 A CN 105210694A CN 201510719380 A CN201510719380 A CN 201510719380A CN 105210694 A CN105210694 A CN 105210694A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of mung bean plantation soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, realized by soil nutrient detection, calculation of fertilization amount, fertilising three steps, the proportioning of scientific and reasonable adjustment N, P, K, has coordinated soil nutrient ratio, thus, utilization rate of fertilizer improves more than 4%, does not cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification, improves mung bean output, the use of applying fertilizer with being particularly suitable for mung bean.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technical field, particularly a kind of mung bean plantation soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method.
Background technology
At present, China's agricultural fertilizer, there is the problems such as chemical fertilizer application is unreasonable, nutrient is unbalanced all the time in China for many years, not only causes that plant recovery of nutrient is low, the wasting of resources, countryside tax system cost increase, agricultural production quality declines, and causes the problems such as soil property deterioration, ecological environmental pollution.China's cereal crops nutrient this season availability nitrogenous fertilizer is 30% ~ 35%, phosphate fertilizer is only 15% ~ 20%, potash fertilizer is 35% ~ 50%, lower than 15 ~ 20 percentage points, developed country, and in the trend reduced gradually, particularly mung bean fertilising, most farmers is not when understanding the regulation of fertilizer requirement of soil nutrient status and mung bean, rule of thumb apply fertilizer, like this, just exist and execute nitrogen more, phosphate fertilizer, the not traditional habit of potassium application or Shaoshi potash fertilizer, continue to use habits fertilization pattern, this fertilizer application mode mainly divides single-dose application, at drum grain pustulation period Nitrogen Top Dressing once, based on urea, double potassium sulfate, the applicating ratio of ammonium nitrate is inharmonious, method is improper, cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification is more and more heavier.Mung bean output is generally at 75-150 kg/acre, and utilization rate of fertilizer is lower, and its availability is nitrogenous fertilizer is 46.5%, and phosphate fertilizer is 27.5%, and potash fertilizer is 18.5%.
The patent No. be 201010554163.6 " maize soil testing fertilization method " and the patent No. be 201010554182.9 " peanut soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method ", the sampling carried out after corn and harvesting peanut in these two patent documents, the drawback of continuous cropping is had to exist, we are by avoiding the drawback of continuous cropping, mung bean is planted in other fields sample, and then soil testing and fertilizer recommendation reaches good effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to have employed soil nutrient detect, calculation of fertilization amount, the proportioning of N, P, K of scientific and reasonable adjustment soil nutrient, meets the demand of growth of mung beans to nutrient, play the interaction of fertilizer to greatest extent, reach the object of increasing both production and income.
To achieve these goals, specific embodiments is as follows:
A kind of mung bean plantation soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, comprises following two steps:
First step is specially surveys soil:
1) soil nutrient detects:
1. sample: selection block area is the Mung Bean Field of 4-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent " and " multiple spot mixing ", a sampled point 16-25 sampling point of each sample, sampling depth 0-20cm, leave and take the sample of 1kg according to quartering, fill out a questionnaire, accomplish that sampling point is consistent with fertilising position;
2. detect: dry soil sample, carry out detection pre-treatment, conventional method of analysis is adopted to detect soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, soil acidity or alkalinity measures and adopts pH meter, organic mensuration adopts potassium dichromate method, and the mensuration of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen adopts alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, and effective phosphorus yield adopts sodium bicarbonate to extract molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, the mensuration of available potassium adopts ammonium acetate to extract flare photometer, to obtain test value;
2) calculation of fertilization amount:
For the native result of survey, carry out the calculating of fertilizing amount, according to target output, unit is kilogram, and formula is as follows:
Mu nitrogen fertilizer amount=0.03 × target output ÷ 0.46;
Mu Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates=[0.28 × target output-0.64 × soil available phosphorus measured value] ÷ 0.16;
Mu Potassium Fertilizer: determine according to soil available nitrogen measured value, during Soil Available potassium content > 90mg/kg, not potassium application; During Soil Available potassium content≤90mg/kg, Potassium Fertilizer is 8kg-14kg;
3) fertilizer application frequency
According to the above result calculated, apply fertilizer at twice.
Second step is specially fertilising:
1. after mung bean final singling, according to the result calculated, as Soil Available potassium content≤90mg/kg, apply fertilizer with 20-5-10 formula, fertilizing method is for spreading fertilizer over the fields, and every mu of amount of application is 16kg, pours water after fertilising, as Soil Available potassium content > 90mg/kg, mixing nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer apply fertilizer, and the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is 35% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, and phosphate fertilizer is disposable to be applied, fertilizing method, for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is poured water after fertilising;
2. in the drum grain pustulation period, the consumption of formula fertilizer is 28kg/ mu, and fertilizing method, for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is poured water after fertilising, and apply remaining 65% nitrogenous fertilizer, fertilizing method, for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is poured water after fertilising.
Nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention is the one in urea, ammonium nitrate, and phosphate fertilizer is the one in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is the one in potassium chloride, potassium sulfate.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
Detect owing to have employed soil nutrient, calculation of fertilization amount, three steps of fertilising, according to soil nutrient status and target output, the scientific and reasonable proportioning that have adjusted N, P, K, has coordinated soil nutrient ratio, meets the demand of growth of mung beans to nutrient, play the interaction of fertilizer to greatest extent, reach the object of increasing both production and income;
Chemical fertilizer application in two dressings, utilization rate of fertilizer on average improves more than 4%, its availability nitrogenous fertilizer reaches 51.4%, and phosphate fertilizer reaches 31.8%, and potash fertilizer reaches 23.6%, output is up to 100-200kg/ mu, and balance fertilizing is carried out to soil, has not thus caused loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: Soil Available potassium content is less than or equal to the soil testing and fertilizer recommendation that 90mg/kg carries out
1) soil nutrient detects:
1. sample: selection block area is the Mung Bean Field of 4-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent " and " multiple spot mixing ", a sampled point 16-25 sampling point of each sample, sampling depth 0-20cm, leave and take the sample of 1kg according to quartering, fill out a questionnaire, accomplish that sampling point is consistent with fertilising position;
2. detect: dry soil sample, carry out detection pre-treatment, conventional method of analysis is adopted to detect soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, soil acidity or alkalinity measures and adopts pH meter, organic mensuration adopts potassium dichromate method, and the mensuration of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen adopts alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, and effective phosphorus yield adopts sodium bicarbonate to extract molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, the mensuration of available potassium adopts ammonium acetate to extract flare photometer, to obtain test value;
2) calculation of fertilization amount:
For the native result of survey, carry out the calculating of fertilizing amount, according to target output, unit is kilogram, and formula is as follows:
Mu nitrogen fertilizer amount=0.03 × target output ÷ 0.46, nitrogenous fertilizer adopts the one in urea, ammonium nitrate;
Mu Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates=[0.28 × target output-0.64 × soil available phosphorus measured value] ÷ 0.16, phosphate fertilizer adopts the one in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate;
The consumption of mu potash fertilizer: determine according to soil available nitrogen measured value, Soil Available potassium content≤90mg/kg; As Soil Available potassium content=75-90mg/kg, use potash fertilizer 8kg, as Soil Available potassium content=60-75mg/kg, use potash fertilizer 11kg, as Soil Available potassium content < 60mg/kg, use potash fertilizer 14kg, potash fertilizer adopts the one in potassium chloride, potassium sulfate;
3) apply fertilizer:
1., after mung bean final singling, according to the result calculated, as Soil Available potassium content≤90mg/kg, apply fertilizer with 20-5-10 formula, fertilizing method is for spreading fertilizer over the fields, and every mu of amount of application is 16kg, pours water after fertilising;
2. in the drum grain pustulation period, the consumption of formula fertilizer is 28kg/ mu, and fertilizing method, for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is poured water after fertilising.
Embodiment 2: Soil Available potassium content is greater than the soil testing and fertilizer recommendation that 90mg/kg carries out
1) soil nutrient detects:
1. sample: selection block area is the Mung Bean Field of 4-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent " and " multiple spot mixing ", a sampled point 16-25 sampling point of each sample, sampling depth 0-20cm, leave and take the sample of 1kg according to quartering, fill out a questionnaire, accomplish that sampling point is consistent with fertilising position;
2. detect: dry soil sample, carry out detection pre-treatment, conventional method of analysis is adopted to detect soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, soil acidity or alkalinity measures and adopts pH meter, organic mensuration adopts potassium dichromate method, and the mensuration of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen adopts alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, and effective phosphorus yield adopts sodium bicarbonate to extract molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, the mensuration of available potassium adopts ammonium acetate to extract flare photometer, to obtain test value;
2) calculation of fertilization amount:
For the native result of survey, carry out the calculating of fertilizing amount, according to target output, unit is kilogram, and formula is as follows:
Mu nitrogen fertilizer amount=0.03 × target output ÷ 0.46, nitrogenous fertilizer adopts the one in urea, ammonium nitrate;
Mu Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates=[0.28 × target output-0.64 × soil available phosphorus measured value] ÷ 0.16, phosphate fertilizer adopts the one in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate;
The consumption of mu potash fertilizer: determine according to soil available nitrogen measured value, as Soil Available potassium content > 100mg/kg, not potassium application;
3) apply fertilizer:
1., after mung bean final singling, according to the result calculated, as Soil Available potassium content≤90mg/kg, apply fertilizer with 20-5-10 formula, fertilizing method is for spreading fertilizer over the fields, and every mu of amount of application is 16kg, pours water after fertilising;
2. in the drum grain pustulation period, the consumption of formula fertilizer is 28kg/ mu, and fertilizing method, for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is poured water after fertilising.
Claims (4)
1. a mung bean plantation soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) soil nutrient detects:
1. sample: selection block area is the Mung Bean Field of 4-10 mu, along S type route, according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent " and " multiple spot mixing ", a sampled point 16-25 sampling point of each sample, sampling depth 0-20cm, leave and take the sample of 1kg according to quartering, fill out a questionnaire, accomplish that sampling point is consistent with fertilising position;
2. detect: dry soil sample, carry out detection pre-treatment, conventional method of analysis is adopted to detect soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, soil acidity or alkalinity measures and adopts pH meter, organic mensuration adopts potassium dichromate method, and the mensuration of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen adopts alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, and effective phosphorus yield adopts sodium bicarbonate to extract molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, the mensuration of available potassium adopts ammonium acetate to extract flare photometer, to obtain test value;
2) calculation of fertilization amount:
For the native result of survey, carry out the calculating of fertilizing amount, according to target output, unit is kilogram, and formula is as follows:
Mu nitrogen fertilizer amount=0.03 × target output ÷ 0.46;
Mu Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates=[0.28 × target output-0.64 × soil available phosphorus measured value] ÷ 0.16;
Mu Potassium Fertilizer: determine according to soil available nitrogen measured value, during Soil Available potassium content > 90mg/kg, not potassium application; During Soil Available potassium content≤90mg/kg, Potassium Fertilizer is 8kg-14kg;
3) fertilizer application frequency
According to the above result calculated, apply fertilizer at twice.
2. mung bean soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described fertilising comprises the following steps:
1), after mung bean final singling, according to the result calculated, as Soil Available potassium content≤90mg/kg, apply fertilizer with 20-5-10 formula, fertilizing method is for spreading fertilizer over the fields, and every mu of amount of application is 16kg, pours water after fertilising;
2), in the drum grain pustulation period, the consumption of formula fertilizer is 28kg/ mu, and fertilizing method, for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is poured water after fertilising.
3. mung bean soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described fertilising comprises the following steps:
1), after mung bean final singling, according to the result calculated, as Soil Available potassium content > 90mg/kg, mixing nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer apply fertilizer, and the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is 35% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, and phosphate fertilizer is disposable to be applied, fertilizing method, for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is poured water after fertilising;
2), in the drum grain pustulation period, apply remaining 65% nitrogenous fertilizer, fertilizing method, for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is poured water after fertilising.
4. mung bean soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described nitrogenous fertilizer is the one in urea, ammonium nitrate, phosphate fertilizer is the one in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is the one in potassium chloride, potassium sulfate.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106717410A (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2017-05-31 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Emperor XianFeng's white atractylodes rhizome dispensing fertilizing method |
| CN108718638A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-02 | 河北吉瑞馨农业科技发展有限公司 | The soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method of soybean |
| CN109076758A (en) * | 2018-07-14 | 2018-12-25 | 广西师范学院 | A kind of quantified based on soil available nitrogen/rapid available phosphorus is applied potassium and applies phosphorus method |
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2015
- 2015-10-29 CN CN201510719380.9A patent/CN105210694A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106717410A (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2017-05-31 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Emperor XianFeng's white atractylodes rhizome dispensing fertilizing method |
| CN106717410B (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2019-10-22 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Emperor XianFeng's white atractylodes rhizome dispensing fertilizing method |
| CN108718638A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-02 | 河北吉瑞馨农业科技发展有限公司 | The soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method of soybean |
| CN109076758A (en) * | 2018-07-14 | 2018-12-25 | 广西师范学院 | A kind of quantified based on soil available nitrogen/rapid available phosphorus is applied potassium and applies phosphorus method |
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Application publication date: 20160106 |