CN1561662A - Pre heavy fertilizer sprading method for yielding two crops ayear of wheat and peanut - Google Patents

Pre heavy fertilizer sprading method for yielding two crops ayear of wheat and peanut Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1561662A
CN1561662A CN 200410023889 CN200410023889A CN1561662A CN 1561662 A CN1561662 A CN 1561662A CN 200410023889 CN200410023889 CN 200410023889 CN 200410023889 A CN200410023889 A CN 200410023889A CN 1561662 A CN1561662 A CN 1561662A
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China
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wheat
peanut
fertilizer
fertilizing amount
annual
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CN 200410023889
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CN1314309C (en
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王才斌
成波
郑亚萍
万书波
姚永业
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Abstract

A method for applying fertilizer for the interplanting of wheat and peanut by the yields of 400-550 Kg per Mu for wheat and 300-500 Kg per Mu for peanut features that the applied N fertilizer, P2O5 and K2O are respectively 15-25 Kg, 14-22 Kg and 16-24 Kg per Mu. Said wheat and peanut can be harvested twice a year.

Description

Heavy fertilization method before the wheat and peanut double cropping system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer practice of proportion of crop planting process, be specifically related to a kind of fertilization method of wheat and peanut double cropping system planting process, more specifically say, relate to the preceding heavy fertilization method of a kind of wheat and peanut double cropping system.
Background technology
The northern area of China wheat and peanut double cropping system cultivation be meant the wheat growth sheath cultivate peanut or behind harvesting wheat direct-seeding peanut, this mode can realize 1 year two season.This mode can account for 45~70% of whole peanut seeding area in peanut main producing regions such as Shandong, Henan at present.Strive ground contradiction because this mode can effectively be alleviated grain and oil, thereby sowing area there is the trend that continue to increase, representing the direction of following peanut production development.For a long time, the fertilizing method of northern China wheat and peanut double cropping system: wheat and peanut two is made annual fertilizer all execute on preceding stubble wheat, peanut does not apply fertilizer.Be the comparison science under the situation that this fertilization method is low at the wheat and peanut yield level, fertilizing amount is few, because peanut is compared with wheat, wheat is responsive relatively to fertilizer, and peanut belongs to more anti-lean crop.In addition, studies show that the height of peanut yield has significant positive correlation with soil fertility, the soil fertility height, back stubble peanut is more in order to realize high yield.Therefore, under the lower situation of Fertilization Level, two make fertilizer all executes on preceding stubble wheat, both guaranteed the demand of preceding stubble wheat to fertilizer, guarantee that wheat obtains comparatively desirable output, the soil fertility of having fostered and apply fertilizer again simultaneously, and the fertile residual effect of stubble and give full play to self solid N effect and tap talent potentialities for increasing production before a back stubble peanut can utilize.But along with the improvement of working condition, the renewal of kind and the progress of cultivation management measure, the crop yield level is improving constantly, and fertilizer requirement also constantly increases.Under the high yield yield level (more than the wheat per mu yield 400kg, more than the peanut 300kg), there are many deficiencies in traditional wheat and peanut double cropping system fertilizer practice at present wheat, peanut, and topmost have three aspects: the one, cause wheat yield.Wheat and peanut two is made annual fertilizer and is all executed on preceding stubble wheat, often surpasses the suitableeest fertilizing amount of wheat, causes wheat yield, and the fertile performance of N is particularly evident.The 2nd, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, the percent of loss height.Wheat and peanut two is made annual fertilizer and is all executed on wheat, causes in the wheat growth soil in season fertilizer concentration high and run off serious.Particularly the fertile and P fertilizer of N also causes environmental pollution easily.The 3rd, economic benefit is low.Lower at the wheat and peanut yield level, under the few situation of annual fertilizing amount, the traditional fertilization method helps improving annual economic benefit, but under the higher situation of wheat and peanut double cropping system yield level at present, Fertilization Level higher (annual N more than 15kg, P 2O 5More than the 14kg, K 2O is more than 16kg), the traditional fertilization method has reduced annual economic benefit owing to wheat yield and soil and fertilizer availability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve under the present wheat and peanut double cropping system yield level, traditional fertilization method wheat yield, utilization rate of fertilizer are low, contaminated environment, loss are many, degradation problems under the economic benefit.The stubble wheat was not because of the excessive underproduction of applying fertilizer before new fertilizing method can guarantee, the soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer again simultaneously, for back stubble peanut high yield is laid good soil basis, improved simultaneously utilization rate of fertilizer again, reduce the fertilizer loss rate, when improving annual economic benefit, alleviate the environmental pollution that causes because of fertilizer loss, realize agricultural sustainable development.
For realizing goal of the invention of the present invention, adopted following technical proposals.
The invention discloses the preceding heavy fertilization method of a kind of wheat and peanut double cropping system, it is characterized in that,
In wheat and peanut double cropping system interplanting process, under wheat per mu yield 400~550kg, the peanut per mu yield 300~500kg yield level,
When every mu of fertilizing amount of executing N fertilizer was 15~20Kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounted for 75~85% of nitrogenous fertilizer percentage by weight, and the fertilizing amount of peanut accounts for 25~15% of nitrogenous fertilizer percentage by weight;
When every mu of fertilizing amount of executing N fertilizer was 20~25Kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounted for 65~75% of nitrogenous fertilizer percentage by weight, and the fertilizing amount of peanut accounts for 35~25% of nitrogenous fertilizer percentage by weight;
And/or;
Execute P when every mu 2O 5Fertilizing amount when being 14~18kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounts for P 2O 580~90% of percentage by weight, the fertilizing amount of peanut accounts for P 2O 520~10% of percentage by weight;
Execute P when every mu 2O 5Fertilizing amount when being 18~22kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounts for P 2O 570~80% of percentage by weight, the fertilizing amount of peanut accounts for P 2O 530~20% of percentage by weight;
And/or;
Execute K when every mu 2When the fertilizing amount of O was 16~21kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounted for K 280~90% of O percentage by weight, the fertilizing amount of peanut accounts for K 220~10% of O percentage by weight;
Execute K when every mu 2When the fertilizing amount of O was 21~24kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounted for K 270~80% of O percentage by weight, the fertilizing amount of peanut accounts for K 230~20% of O percentage by weight.
Heavy fertilization method is before above-mentioned: at present, under the high yield yield level (more than the wheat per mu yield 400kg, more than the peanut per mu yield 300kg), on the plot of medium or above fertility, generally need every mu and execute pure N 15~25kg, and/or P 2O 514~22kg, and/or K 2O 16~24kg.From above-mentioned N, P 2O 5, K 2O at the consumption of preceding stubble wheat and back stubble peanut as can be seen, annual fertilizer amount is big more, preceding stubble wheat proportion is big more, otherwise preceding stubble wheat proportion is just more little.
When annual fertilizing amount is reduced to a certain degree, annual fertilizer can all be executed on preceding stubble wheat, and peanut does not apply fertilizer.Be exactly traditional fertilization method this moment, and promptly the traditional fertilization method only is suitable for Fertilization Level and the lower situation of yield level.Particular content sees Table 1.
Table 1 wheat, peanut double cropping system rational application of fertilizer parameter list
?????????????N ??????????P 2O 5 ?????????K 2O
Annual consumption (kg/ mu) Wheat proportion (%) Annual consumption (kg/ mu) Wheat proportion (%) Annual consumption (kg/ mu) Wheat proportion (%)
????20~25 ????15~20 ????10~15 ????<10 ????65~75 ????75~85 ????85~90 ????100 ????18~22 ????14~18 ????<14 ??70~80 ??80~90 ??100 ??21~24 ??16~21 ??<16 ??70~80 ??80~90 ??100
By table 1 as seen, when annual fertilizing amount N fertilizer less than 10kg/ mu, P 2O 5Less than 14kg/ mu, K 2O is during less than 16kg/ mu, and annual fertilizer is all executed on preceding stubble wheat.And on the above yield level of middle product, promptly annual fertilizing amount N is greater than 10kg/ mu, P 2O 5Greater than 14K 2O, K 2O is during greater than 16kg/ mu, should adopt of the present invention before heavy fertilization method.Heavy fertilization method is than the traditional fertilization method before of the present invention, general wheat increase yield 8~13%, and peanut yield increasing 11~15%, annual benefit improves more than 15%.Simultaneously by 15N tagging is the result show, preceding heavy fertilization method improves 8.6 percentage points than the fertile absorption rate of traditional fertilization method N, and the pedo relict rate improves 21.8 percentage points, and percent of loss reduces by 28.9 percentage points, sees table 2 and table 3 for details.
Table 2: traditional fertilization method and preceding heavy fertilization method are to the influence (%) of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer under the wheat and peanut double cropping system condition
Handle Wheat Peanut Annual
??94/95 ??95/96 On average ??94/95 ??95/96 On average ??94/95 ??95/96 On average
Wheat-based is executed N 8kg+ wheat and is chased after N 8kg (annual 16kg/ mu) ??31.6 ??32.6 ??32.1 ??6.8 ??8.6 ??7.7 ??38.4 ??41.2 ??39.8
Wheat-based is executed N 8kg+ wheat and is imposed N 3kg+ peanut base and execute N 5kg (annual 16kg/ mu) ??34.2 ??37.0 ??35.6 ??13.8 ??11.6 ??12.7 ??48.1 ??48.7 ??48.4
Table 3: traditional fertilization method and preceding heavy fertilization method are to the influence of nitrogenous fertilizer pedo relict and loss under the wheat and peanut double cropping system condition
Handle Pedo relict (%) Loss (%)
??94/95 ??95/96 On average ??94/95 ??95/96 On average
Wheat-based is executed N 8kg+ wheat and is chased after N 8kg (annual 16kg/ mu) ??14.9 ??18.4 ??16.7 ??46.7 ??40.4 ??43.6
Wheat-based is executed N 8kg+ wheat and is imposed N 3kg+ peanut base and execute N 5kg (annual 16kg/ mu) ??37.4 ??39.5 ??38.5 ??14.5 ??11.8 ??14.7
In table 2 and the table 3, base is executed the fertilizer amount that finger applies before wheat or peanut cultivation, and wheat imposes the chemical fertilizer amount that applies that is meant in wheat growth.In table 2 and table 3, the peanut base can be executed to change into behind the peanut cultivation and impose in the certain hour, 94/95 is meant the vegetative period at 1994 to nineteen ninety-five degree, 95/96 was meant in the vegetative period in 1995-1996 year, and the computational methods of nitrogenous fertilizer residual rate in soil are in the table 3: the plain residual rate of the fertilizer N=plain rate of recovery of the fertilizer N-plain availability of fertilizer N; The computational methods of loss of nitrogen fertilizer rate are: the plain percent of loss of the fertilizer N=plain rate of recovery of 100%-fertilizer N.
Before the advantage of heavy fertilization method be that the stubble fertilizing amount has improved soil fertility simultaneously again both in the suitable fertilising scope of wheat (too much not causing wheat yield because of wheat fertilizing) guaranteeing before, for after a batch peanut high yield established the fertility basis.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The fertile different amounts of preceding heavy fertilization method N and the method for salary distribution see Table 4 to the influence of output and benefit under the wheat and peanut double cropping system condition.
Fertile consumption of table 4 different N and allocation proportion are to the influence of wheat and peanut output and benefit
Annual N consumption (kg/ mu) Allocation proportion Fertilizing amount (kg/ mu) Output (kg/ mu) Annual benefit (unit/mu)
The shared part by weight of wheat (%) The shared part by weight of peanut (%) Wheat Peanut Wheat Peanut
??10 ??60 ??40 ????6 ????4 ????423.5 ????300.2 ????1523.5
??70 ??30 ????7 ????3 ????448.7 ????290 ????1556.2
??80 ??20 ????8 ????2 ????462.4 ????288.9 ????1571.8
??90 ??10 ????9 ????1 ????482.4 ????285.6 ????1589.3
??100 * ??0 ????10 ????0 ????504.8 ????281.4 ????1607.2
??15 ??60 ??40 ????9 ????6 ????478.9 ????356.8 ????1767.2
??70 ??30 ????10.5 ????4.5 ????489.4 ????355.4 ????1822.4
??80 ??20 ????12 ????3 ????512.4 ????345.5 ????1823.0
??90 ??10 ????13.5 ????1.5 ????510.6 ????312.8 ????1715.8
??100 * ??0 ????15 ????0 ????492.4 ????294.8 ????1632.7
??20 ??60 ??40 ????12 ????8 ????522.5 ????368.9 ????1852.0
??70 ??30 ????14 ????6 ????508.6 ????365.2 ????1880.7
??80 ??20 ????16 ????4 ????477.4 ????360.4 ????1821.6
??90 ??10 ????18 ????2 ????451.3 ????352.8 ????1760.8
??100 * ??0 ????20 ????0 ????410.5 ????330.5 ????1632.3
Band is the traditional fertilization method * number in the table 4, and promptly annual fertilizer is all executed on wheat, and peanut does not apply fertilizer.
Annual benefit=wheat yield in the table 4 * wheat unit price+peanut yield * peanut unit price-fertilizer cost (other identical parts are not considered).
As can be seen from Table 4, in wheat average annual output is plot more than the 400kg, when executing N amount 10kg the whole year, the increase that wheat yield is executed the N amount with preceding stubble increases, when N when 6kg is increased to 10kg, wheat yield is increased to 504.8kg from 423.5kg, average every kgN volume increase wheat 20.3kg, peanut yield is just in time opposite with wheat, but executes the increase of N amount along with wheat, peanut yield underproduction amplitude is far smaller than wheat, the every minimizing of peanut stubble 1kgN, the average underproduction 4.8kg of pod, therefore, annual benefit and wheat yield always, promptly executing the increase that N measures with wheat increases.Proof is executed the N amount when 10kg is following when wheat under high-yield condition, the traditional fertilization method that annual fertilizer is all executed on wheat, peanut does not apply fertilizer is the comparison science.But this moment, particularly stubble peanut yield in back was lower, and then has influenced annual benefit because annual fertilizing amount deficiency causes crop.
When executing N amount and increase to 15kg the whole year, wheat yield is executed N12~13.5kg with arrish, and promptly the wheat fertilizing amount accounted for annual 80~90% o'clock, and output is the highest, and per mu yield reaches about 510kg.Peanut yield is executed 4.5~6kg with the peanut stubble, and promptly the wheat fertilizing amount accounted for annual 60~70% o'clock, and output is the highest, and per mu yield reaches about 350kg.Annual benefit then with the wheat fertilizing amount account for annual 70~80% o'clock best, mu reaches more than 1800 yuan, and other are handled benefits and all are lower than 1800 yuan.
When executing N amount and increase to 20kg the whole year, annual benefit with the wheat fertilizing amount account for annual 60~80% o'clock best, mu reaches more than 1800 yuan, and other are handled benefits and all are lower than 1800 yuan.
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, executes the N amount when 10kg (or following) when the whole year, considers that from annual benefit the traditional fertilization method is better, but executes N and measure and reach 10kg when above when the whole year, and preceding heavy fertilization method is science more.
Embodiment 2
Preceding heavy fertilization method, the fertile different amounts of P and the method for salary distribution see Table 5 to the influence of output and benefit under the wheat and peanut double cropping system condition.
Fertile consumption of the different P of table 5 and allocation proportion are to the influence of wheat and peanut output and benefit
Annual P 2O 5Consumption (kg/ mu) Allocation proportion Fertilizing amount (kg/ mu) Output (kg/ mu) Annual benefit (unit/mu)
Wheat proportion (%) Peanut proportion (%) Wheat Peanut Wheat Peanut
??10 ??70 ????30 ????7 ????3 ????498.5 ????378.9 ????1787.7
??85 ????15 ????8.5 ????1.5 ????520.4 ????368.5 ????1780.7
??100 * ????0 ????10 ????0 ????514.7 ????371.5 ????1783.4
??15 ??70 ????30 ????10.5 ????4.5 ????517.8 ????400.8 ????1857.9
??85 ????15 ????12.8 ????2.2 ????478.5 ????422.8 ????1881.2
??100 * ????0 ????15 ????0 ????465.8 ????395.6 ????1778.9
??20 ??70 ????30 ????14 ????6 ????498.8 ????420.8 ????1899.1
??85 ????15 ????17 ????3 ????459.4 ????410 ????1817.3
??100 * ????0 ????0 ????0 ????440.5 ????400.5 ????1764.2
Band is the traditional fertilization method * number in the table 5, and promptly annual fertilizer is all executed on wheat, and peanut does not apply fertilizer.
Annual benefit=wheat yield in the table 5 * wheat unit price+peanut yield * peanut unit price-fertilizer cost (other identical parts are not considered).
As can be seen from Table 5, similar to the fertile performance of N, as annual P 2O 5During consumption≤10kg, better results for the traditional fertilization method that fertilizer is all executed on wheat, peanut does not apply fertilizer; As annual P 2O 5When consumption was 15kg, it is best that the wheat fertilizing amount accounts for the processing benefit of the whole year 85%; As annual P 2O 5When consumption was 20kg, it is best that the wheat fertilizing amount accounts for the processing benefit of the whole year 70%.Show as annual P 2O 5During consumption 〉=15kg, preceding heavy fertilization method benefit is higher.
Embodiment 3:
The fertile different amounts of preceding heavy fertilization method K and the method for salary distribution see Table 6 to the influence of output and benefit under the wheat and peanut double cropping system condition.
As can be seen from Table 6, as annual K 2During O consumption≤10kg, better results for the traditional fertilization method that fertilizer is all executed on wheat, peanut does not apply fertilizer; As annual K 2When the O consumption was 16kg, it is best that the wheat fertilizing amount accounts for the processing benefit of the whole year 80~90%; As annual K 2When the O consumption was 24kg, it is best that the wheat fertilizing amount accounts for the processing benefit of the whole year 70~80%.Show as annual K 2During O consumption 〉=16kg, preceding heavy fertilization method benefit is higher.
Fertile consumption of table 6 different K and allocation proportion are to the influence of wheat and peanut output and benefit
But the whole year K 2O consumption (kg/ mu) Allocation proportion Fertilizing amount (kg/ mu) Output (kg/ mu) Annual benefit (unit/mu)
Wheat proportion (%) Peanut proportion (%) Wheat Peanut Wheat Peanut
??8 ??70 ????30 ????5.6 ????2.4 ????470.5 ????320 ????1556.6
??80 ????20 ????6.4 ????1.6 ????496.8 ????315.6 ????1574.1
??90 ????10 ????7.2 ????0.8 ????519.5 ????314.5 ????1597.8
??100* ????0 ????8 ????0 ????532.2 ????312 ????1605.0
??16 ??70 ????30 ????11.2 ????4.8 ????518.7 ????362.8 ????1751.4
??80 ????20 ????12.8 ????3.2 ????512.8 ????375.8 ????1785.9
??90 ????10 ????14.4 ????1.6 ????504.3 ????382.5 ????1797.2
??100* ????0 ????16 ????0 ????485.2 ????361 ????1705.4
??24 ??70 ????30 ????16.8 ????7.2 ????508.4 ????389.4 ????1824.2
??80 ????20 ????19.2 ????4.8 ????485.6 ????390.5 ????1800.3
??90 ????10 ????21.6 ????2.4 ????455.4 ????385.2 ????1747.1
??100* ????0 ????24 ????0 ????442.8 ????376.3 ????1703.5
Band is the traditional fertilization method * number in the table 6, and promptly annual fertilizer is all executed on wheat, and peanut does not apply fertilizer.
Annual benefit=wheat yield in the table 6 * wheat unit price+peanut yield * peanut unit price-fertilizer cost (other identical parts are not considered).
In the above-mentioned embodiment, % is weight percentage.
When the wheat and peanut double cropping system was cultivated, N, P, the fertile balance of wanting of K were used the ability high yield, promptly all to execute, and be various element consumption differences.Concrete fertilizing amount can decide according to soil N, P, K content, which kind of constituent content height, suitable decrement, promptly when cultivating, can be separately or mixing apply in N, P, the K fertilizer one or more according to the usage ratio of N of the present invention, P, K.

Claims (1)

1, heavy fertilization method before a kind of wheat and peanut double cropping system is characterized in that,
In wheat and peanut double cropping system interplanting process, under wheat per mu yield 400~550kg, the peanut per mu yield 300~500kg yield level,
When every mu of fertilizing amount of executing N fertilizer was 15~20Kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounted for 75~85% of nitrogenous fertilizer percentage by weight;
When every mu of fertilizing amount of executing N fertilizer was 20~25Kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounted for 65~75% of nitrogenous fertilizer percentage by weight;
And/or;
Execute P when every mu 2O 5Fertilizing amount when being 14~18kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounts for P 2O 580~90% of percentage by weight;
Execute P when every mu 2O 5Fertilizing amount when being 18~22kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounts for P 2O 570~80% of percentage by weight;
And/or;
Execute K when every mu 2When the fertilizing amount of O was 16~21kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounted for K 280~90% of O percentage by weight;
Execute K when every mu 2When the fertilizing amount of O was 21~24kg, the fertilizing amount of wheat accounted for K 270~80% of O percentage by weight.
CNB2004100238891A 2004-04-08 2004-04-08 Pre heavy fertilizer sprading method for yielding two crops ayear of wheat and peanut Expired - Fee Related CN1314309C (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102870539A (en) * 2012-04-24 2013-01-16 山东省花生研究所 Method of peanut nitrogen-saving quantitative fertilization
CN105144952A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-16 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 Annual simplified fertilizing method of wheat and peanut in hilly land

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1074330A (en) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-21 陈从云 Method of steam fertilising
CN1196165A (en) * 1998-06-24 1998-10-21 杨雪峰 Slow releasing gradient efficiency composite fertilizer crop board and fertilizing method and bag
CN1180674C (en) * 2002-06-06 2004-12-22 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Fertilizer applying expert system for vegetable in green house

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102870539A (en) * 2012-04-24 2013-01-16 山东省花生研究所 Method of peanut nitrogen-saving quantitative fertilization
CN102870539B (en) * 2012-04-24 2014-07-16 山东省花生研究所 Method of peanut nitrogen-saving quantitative fertilization
CN105144952A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-16 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 Annual simplified fertilizing method of wheat and peanut in hilly land
CN105144952B (en) * 2015-08-28 2018-06-05 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method

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