CN105144952A - Annual simplified fertilizing method of wheat and peanut in hilly land - Google Patents
Annual simplified fertilizing method of wheat and peanut in hilly land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an annual simplified fertilizing method of wheat and peanut in a hilly land. The method comprises the following steps that azophoska is uniformly spread on the earth's surface on 1 to 2 days before the wheat is sowed; meanwhile microelement is applied; the applied amount of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 20 to 30 percent of a total nutrient of required nitrogen fertilizer per mu; the applied amount of phosphatic fertilizer accounts for 60 to 70 percent of the total nutrient of required phosphatic per mu; the applied amount of potash fertilizer accounts for 40 to 50 percent of the total nutrient of required potash fertilizer per mu; the second fertilization is performed in the elongation stage of the wheat, the remaining fertilizer of the required azophoska per mu is applied; according to the annual simplified fertilizing method provided by the invention, the nutrient supply of the wheat in later period is simultaneously considered, meanwhile the basal fertilizer is provided for the following peanut, root nodule nitrogen fixation of the peanut is fully considered, the fertilizer input is reduced, and negative impact on groundwater due to the fact of the excessive fertilizer of the fertilizer nutrient, especially nitrogen nutrient is avoided; compared with the traditional fertilizing method, the method has the advantages that the fertilizer input is reduced by 1 to 2 times, and the labor cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fertilizing method of a kind of winter wheat and Peanut, be specifically related to the method for northern knob winter wheat and Peanut bi-annual planting simplification fertilizer application frequency, belong to agricultural fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
Winter wheat is the staple food crop of China, and peanut is also important oil crop, and the two is the staple crops of the northern area of China plantation.By anniversary heat resources restriction and ecological regional impact, also by the impact that traditional planting habit and government lead, simultaneously for effectively alleviating the contradiction that ground striven by grain and oil, winter wheat Peanut relay interplanting planting is northern some areas particularly a kind of important planting patternss in knob.Affect by soil parent material, hilly ground is generally sand soil or loam, the growth of the very suitable peanut of the soil of this quality, bear pods and gather in the crops, if plantation Spring Peanut; can reduce one season crop plantation, therefore winter wheat and this planting patterns of Peanut can make full use of anniversary sunlight-heat reaources, can ensure that within the limited time two kinds of crops normally complete growing process, also can eliminate the continuous cropping obstacle impact of planting peanut year after year and producing simultaneously, the bumper harvests of cereal crops and oil crop can be ensured.
In the planting patterns of knob winter wheat Peanut interplanting except whole, sowing normally, irrigate, except dispenser and results, fertilising is an important Cultivate administration measure.In the contribution of crop yield, the contribution rate of fertilising, more than 50%, therefore adopts rational fertilization type, fertilising consumption mode and selects suitable fertilizing time to be very important for guarantee stable yield or volume increase.Winter wheat traditional at present and Peanut are planted in interior basic use breeding time four fertilizer of bi-annual planting, as: when wheat planting, seedbed preparation uses a fertilizer, a fertilizer is imposed turning green around shooting stage of spring, before harvesting wheat, 10-15 days covers are cultivated peanut, after harvesting wheat, peanut is just in time emerged, and carries out the single-dose application of peanut in conjunction with the clean tillage of wheat stubble-cleaning, then carries out using of peanut second time fertilizer in the pod bearing period of peanut.Traditional fertilizing operation also exists following problem: one is that fertilising kind is single or complicated, no matter relative with the fertilising of peanut season arbitrarily in wheat season, does not carry out corresponding fertilizer nutrient input according to crop to the demand of various nutrient; Although two is that fertilization time is relatively reasonable, but number of times is more, there is contradiction in the present situation day by day reduced with current rural laborer, and more have part peasant household cannot return because out doing manual work and miss using of topdressing, cause precipitation under-supply, and existing fertilizer type is fast-acting type substantially, lacks slow-release or control-release fertilizer or the depot fertilizer type of suitable wheat and peanut, just cannot can be met the nutrient demand of crop whole breeding time by single use; Three when being peanut manuring lates owing to being in the period of bearing pods and starting, topdress not easy to operate, fertilizer loss can be caused serious according to the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields, plant recovery of nutrient is low, apply mode according to trench digging and then can cause injury Peanut Root System and pod, thus affect output.
Chinese patent literature CN1561662A (application number: heavy fertilization method before 200410023889.1) disclosing wheat and peanut double cropping system, the method is mainly according to the anniversary nutrient formula example of wheat and peanut interplanting under Different Fertilization level, the fertilising usage ratio proposing rear stubble peanut only accounts for 10%-35%, and such nutrient consumption can be applied fertilizer can be met by the second time of first crop wheat completely, therefore fertilizer application frequency can be caused too much, do not conform to current light simplification production development trend, in addition this fertilizing method does not limit fertilizer nutrient type, common quick-acting fertilizer cannot meet the nutrient demand of crop longer breeding time, and later stage N-topdress consumption in wheat season is relatively less, the nutrient demand of wheat late growth stage cannot be met, wheat yield cannot ensure.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the wheat and peanut cover operation mode that the present invention is directed to hilly ground provides and a kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, comprises step as follows:
(1) within 1-2 days before wheat cultivation, use chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer, stalk organic commercial fertilizer or the soil that become thoroughly decomposed to mix muck, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface;
(2) 1-2 days before wheat cultivation, azophoska needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu is evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, is sprinkled into quicklime and zinc sulphate, wherein simultaneously, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for the 20%-30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count the 60%-70% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for the 40%-50% of potash fertilizer total nutrient;
(3) carry out wholely after step (2) fertilising, adopt wholely and plough deeply in conjunction with rotary tillage or rotary tillage separately, carry out sowing wheat behind whole ground, the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 30-40cm;
(4) carry out second time fertilising in the shooting stage of wheat, the residue fertilizer of azophoska needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu is applied, applies ammonium molybdate, borax and NAM additive simultaneously; In second time fertilising the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for the 70%-80% of nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count the 30%-40% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for the 50%-60% of potash fertilizer total nutrient;
(5) 10-15 days before harvesting wheat, zero tillage and interplanting peanut in wheat interplanting row, peanut no longer applies fertilizer in season.
Wheat planting mode of the present invention, sowing two row wheats in wheat furrow, the spacing 20-25cm of two row wheats is interplanting row between adjacent two furrow, plantation peanut in interplanting row.
The present invention is preferred, and in step (1), the amount of application of chicken manure class or stalk organic commercial fertilizer is 100-250kg/ mu, and the mix amount of application of muck of the soil become thoroughly decomposed is 1000-1500kg/ mu.
Chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer or stalk organic commercial fertilizer are existing product, and market is buied; The soil become thoroughly decomposed muck of mixing obtains by existing method of becoming thoroughly decomposed for the assorted muck of soil.
The present invention is preferred, in step (2), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient 30%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 70% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for potash fertilizer total nutrient 40%.
The present invention is preferred, and in step (2), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 4-6kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 7-8kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 4-5kg/ mu.
The present invention is preferred, and in step (2), the sowing amount of quicklime is 50-70kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of zinc sulphate is 1-2kg/ mu.
The present invention is preferred, and in step (3), plough deeply in conjunction with rotary tillage for ploughing deeply once in conjunction with rotary tillage once, independent rotary tillage is rotary tillage 2-3 time, ploughs deeply degree of depth 20-25cm, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is at 10-15cm.
The present invention is preferred, in step (4), in second time fertilising the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient 70%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 30% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for potash fertilizer total nutrient 60%.
The present invention is preferred, and in step (4), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 12-18kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 3.5-5kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 5-6kg/ mu.
The present invention is preferred, and in step (4), the sowing amount of ammonium molybdate is 0.5-1kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of borax is 0.5-1kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of NAM additive is 0.4-0.8kg/ mu.
The present invention is preferred, in step (4), second time fertilising is ditch spread, by all fertilizer of second time fertilising by artificial or mechanical blending, fertilizer after mixing is being topdressed by machinery distance wheat 15-20cm place trench digging in peanut interplanting row, ditching depth is 5-8cm, earthing after fertilising.
Fertilizing method of the present invention, in hilly ground winter wheat Peanut Rotation System the average yield of wheat at the average yield of 350-450kg/ mu, peanut pod at 250-350kg/ mu.
The present invention is preferred, and described nitrogenous fertilizer is one of urea, carbonic hydroammonium or combines with diammonium phosphate, is preferably urea; Described phosphate fertilizer is one or more combinations in diammonium phosphate, superphosphate or double superphosphate, is preferably double superphosphate; Described potash fertilizer is combination on one or both in potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, is preferably potassium chloride; Or N P and K all comes from Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium.
The present invention is preferred, and described NAM additive is depot fertilizer additive for compound fertilizer, and main component is nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor and phosphorus activating agent; NAM additive can make fertilizer efficiency period extend to 90-120 days.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is existing product, and market is buied.
Method and apparatus used in the present invention not specified all conventionally.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1, fertilizing method is simplified the anniversary of the present invention especially for sand or the loamy texture soil types of hilly ground, obviously can improve soil physical property, increase buffering power of soil, improve the adsorption capacity of soil colloid to nutrient, can effectively prevent soil and nutrient loss, Long-Time Service can culture fertility;
2, simplify the anniversary nutrient demand that fertilizing method has considered wheat season and peanut season as a whole the anniversary of the present invention, in additive, long-acting Summing Factor activation factor adds the regulating action serving nutrient between crops for rotation;
3, simplify second time fertilising in fertilizing method the anniversary of the present invention and take into account the supply of wheat later stage nutrient simultaneously, rear stubble peanut is provided the foundation fertilizer simultaneously, this has taken into full account the nodule nitrogen fixation effect of peanut, decrease fertilizers input, the negative effect that the waste avoiding fertilizer nutrient particularly nitrogen nutrient causes underground water;
4, simplify fertilizing method the anniversary of the present invention and simplify fertilizing operation, reduce fertilizers input 1-2 time than traditional fertilizing method, saved labour's input cost, additional income;
5, the anniversary of the present invention simplify fertilizing method easy, required different fertilizer nutrient easily obtains, and can be formed, immediately can use, have simple, convenient, flexible feature by artificial evenly mixture or mechanical mixture;
6, anniversary of the present invention simplify fertilizing method and decrease fertilizer application frequency, but add NAM additive in the common fertilizer of second time fertilising, there is the long-acting feature similar with coating controlled-release fertilizer on market, it applies nitrification inhibitor, the two-way collaborative short action principle mutually of urease inhibitor, hydrolysis of urea speed can be delayed, add the ammonium concentration of soil, suppress ammonium nitrogen to the conversion rate of nitrate nitrogen simultaneously, and have employed phosphorus activating technology, phosphorus in activation release soil, prevent the phosphorus in fertilizer from fixing, make it the term of validity keeping more growing, there is the function of lasting supply crop nutrition content,
7, simplify in anniversary of the present invention and effectively solve calcium loss that knob soil erosion cause and the problem such as trace element is not enough adding of fertilizing method medium trace element.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is further described, but the present invention is not limited only to following examples.
NAM additive in embodiment is durable composite fertilizer additive, purchased from Shenyang Zhongke New Fertilizer Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
(1) use chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer 150kg first 2 days of wheat cultivation every mu, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface;
(2) at wheat cultivation first 2 days, required azophoska is evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, every mu is sprinkled into 54kg quicklime and 1.2kg zinc sulphate simultaneously, wherein simultaneously, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 25% of nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu in pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5meter accounts for 60% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter accounts for 42% of potash fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu; Be specially, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 5kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 7.2kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 4.2kg/ mu.
(3) namely step (1), (2) all fertilizer carry out wholely after being sprinkled into, adopt wholely and plough deeply once in conjunction with rotary tillage once, ploughing deeply the degree of depth is 23cm, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is 10cm, carry out sowing wheat behind whole ground, the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 30cm; In wheat furrow, wheat line-spacing is 20cm,
(4) carry out second time fertilising in the shooting stage of wheat, by artificial blending, the fertilizer after mixing is topdressing by distance wheat 15cm place trench digging in the interplanting row of mechanical wheat, and ditching depth is 6cm, and fertilising is earthing afterwards; Applied by the residue fertilizer of azophoska needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu, every mu applies ammonium molybdate 0.6kg, borax 0.5kg and NAM additive 0.5kg simultaneously; In second time fertilising the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient 75%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 40% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for potash fertilizer total nutrient 58%; That is: the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 15kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 4.8kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 5.8kg/ mu.
(5) at harvesting wheat first 12 days, zero tillage and interplanting peanut in interplanting row, peanut no longer applied fertilizer in season.
Phosphorus is provided by diammonium phosphate, and nitrogen is provided by urea and diammonium phosphate, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
(1) use first 2 days of wheat cultivation every mu the soil become thoroughly decomposed to mix muck 1200kg, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface;
(2) at wheat cultivation first 1 day, required azophoska is evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, every mu is sprinkled into 50kg quicklime and 1.5kg zinc sulphate simultaneously, wherein simultaneously, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu in pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5meter accounts for 65% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter accounts for 48% of potash fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu; Be specially, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 6kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 7.6kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 4.8kg/ mu.
(3) namely step (1), (2) all fertilizer carry out wholely after being sprinkled into, and adopt rotary tillage to carry out wholely for twice, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 13cm, carries out sowing wheat behind whole ground, and the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 40cm; In wheat furrow, wheat line-spacing is 22cm,
(4) carry out second time fertilising in the shooting stage of wheat, by artificial blending, the fertilizer after mixing is topdressing by distance wheat 20cm place trench digging in the interplanting row of mechanical wheat, and ditching depth is 7cm, and fertilising is earthing afterwards; Applied by the residue fertilizer of azophoska needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu, every mu applies ammonium molybdate 0.75kg, borax 0.7kg and NAM additive 0.42kg simultaneously; In second time fertilising the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient 70%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 35% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for potash fertilizer total nutrient 52%; That is: the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 14kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 4.1kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 5.2kg/ mu.
(5) at harvesting wheat first 15 days, zero tillage and interplanting peanut in interplanting row, peanut no longer applied fertilizer in season.
Phosphorus is provided by diammonium phosphate, and nitrogen is provided by urea and diammonium phosphate, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
(1) use chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer 200kg first 1 day of wheat cultivation every mu, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface;
(2) at wheat cultivation first 1 day, required azophoska is evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, every mu is sprinkled into 65kg quicklime and 1kg zinc sulphate simultaneously, wherein simultaneously, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 22% of nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu in pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5meter accounts for 66% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter accounts for 50% of potash fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu; Be specially, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 4.8kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 8kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 5kg/ mu.
(3) namely step (1), (2) all fertilizer carry out wholely after being sprinkled into, and adopt rotary tillage to carry out wholely for twice, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 12cm, carries out sowing wheat behind whole ground, and the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 36cm; In wheat furrow, wheat line-spacing is 24cm,
(4) carry out second time fertilising in the shooting stage of wheat, by artificial blending, the fertilizer after mixing is topdressing by distance wheat 18cm place trench digging in the interplanting row of mechanical wheat, and ditching depth is 6cm, and fertilising is earthing afterwards; Applied by the residue fertilizer of azophoska needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu, every mu applies ammonium molybdate 0.8kg, borax 0.8kg and NAM additive 0.7kg simultaneously; In second time fertilising the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient 78%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 34% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for potash fertilizer total nutrient 50%; That is: the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 17kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 4.1kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 5kg/ mu.
(5) at harvesting wheat first 11 days, zero tillage and interplanting peanut in interplanting row, peanut no longer applied fertilizer in season.
Before Wheat Sowing, fertilizer nutrient is provided by N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and second time fertilising nitrogen is provided by urea and MAP, and phosphorus is provided by MAP, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
(1) use stalk organic commercial fertilizer 250kg first 1 day of wheat cultivation every mu, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface;
(2) at wheat cultivation first 1 day, required azophoska is evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, every mu is sprinkled into 68kg quicklime and 1.3kg zinc sulphate simultaneously, wherein simultaneously, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 27% of nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu in pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5meter accounts for 60% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter accounts for 40% of potash fertilizer total nutrient needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu; Be specially, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 5.4kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 7kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 4kg/ mu.
(3) namely step (1), (2) all fertilizer carry out wholely after being sprinkled into, adopt wholely and plough deeply once in conjunction with rotary tillage once, ploughing deeply the degree of depth is 25cm, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is 10cm, carry out sowing wheat behind whole ground, the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 32cm; In wheat furrow, wheat line-spacing is 25cm,
(4) carry out second time fertilising in the shooting stage of wheat, by artificial blending, the fertilizer after mixing is topdressing by distance wheat 16cm place trench digging in the interplanting row of mechanical wheat, and ditching depth is 7cm, and fertilising is earthing afterwards; Applied by the residue fertilizer of azophoska needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu, every mu applies ammonium molybdate 1kg, borax 0.75kg and NAM additive 0.5kg simultaneously; In second time fertilising the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient 73%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 40% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for potash fertilizer total nutrient 60%; That is: the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 14.6kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 4.67kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 6kg/ mu.
(5) at harvesting wheat first 12 days, zero tillage and interplanting peanut in interplanting row, peanut no longer applied fertilizer in season.
Nitrogen is provided by urea, and phosphorus is provided by double superphosphate, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride.
Application examples 1:
Compared by embodiment 1 and traditional wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method.Traditional wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method is as follows: the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg/ mu using 15-15-15 before wheat cultivation, spreads fertilizer over the fields rear rotary tillage soil 1 time, sowing wheat; Second Year turns green-shooting stage spread fertilizer over the fields urea 15kg after water; Harvesting wheat first 10 days covers are cultivated peanut, within after harvesting wheat about one week, to combine wheat stubble-cleaning and carry out topdressing of peanut, use the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 40kg/ mu of 18-17-10, impose the composite fertilizer 20kg of 18-17-10 at the initial stage of bearing pods of peanut, other measure is with normal field management.
The fertilizing method of the embodiment of the present invention 1 compares with the traditional impact of wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method on planting cost, output and sees the following form shown in 1.
The table 1 hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method and traditional fertilization Measures compare
Known by table 1, simplify in anniversary of the present invention fertilizing method comparatively traditional fertilization within wheat and peanut bi-annual planting breeding time, reduce fertilizer application frequency twice, input 35 yuan is saved in fertilising recruitment every mu, save pure precipitation 14.4kg/ mu, when output is substantially suitable, every mu of net income increases by 144 yuan, really achieves abridged edition and increases income.
Application examples 2:
The fertilizing method of the embodiment of the present invention 3 and traditional wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method are compared, fertilizing method of the present invention compares with the traditional impact of wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method on utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen discharge rate and soil microbial biomass and sees the following form shown in 2.
The table 2 hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method and traditional fertilization Measures compare
Note: Soil Microbial Biomass Measurement Methods is for being separated counting cultivation.Concrete grammar: take the fresh soil sample of 10g and be placed in the sterilized triangular flask that bead is housed, add 90ml sterile water, vibration 30min makes soil sample disperse to become uniform soil supension, carries out gradient dilution, getting suitable dilution factor is coated with dull and stereotyped, and general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria adopts 10
-4~ 10
-6dilution factor, actinomycetes adopt 10
-3~ 10
-5, fungi adopts 10
-2~ 10
-4.Uniform dull and stereotyped inversion will be coated with, cultivate certain hour (bacterium 1 ~ 5d, actinomycetes 5 ~ 14d, fungi 3 ~ 6d) in 30 DEG C, carry out CFU (ColonyFormingUnit) counting.
See from table 2, the anniversary of being undertaken by embodiment 3 simplifies fertilizing method and reduces pure precipitation 12.5kg compared with traditional fertilization every mu, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 4.6 percentage points, nitrogen discharge rate declines 0.9 percentage point, nutrient preserving capability strengthens, and soil microbial biomass significantly increases, and effectively improves soil biology proterties, improve soil soil fertility, every mu increases net income 136 yuan.
Application examples 3:
Application examples 1 has only used N P and K three kinds of nutrients with traditional fertilization method in application examples 2, and for more showing advantage of the present invention, (fertilising before wheat cultivation is joined simultaneously and executed quicklime and zinc sulphate this application examples conventional method basis to be added medium trace element; Join when peanut topdresses for the first time and execute ammonium molybdate and borax) carry out Experimental Comparison, the conventional method of improvement, compared with the fertilizing method of the embodiment of the present invention 1, compares the impact of planting cost, output and sees the following form shown in 3.
Simplify the traditional fertilization Measures compare of fertilizing method and improvement the table 3 hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary
As can be seen from Table 3, after conventional method basis adds the use of medium trace element, output slightly increases, but simplifies the economic well-being of workers and staff that fertilizing method every mu also has more than 90 yuan the anniversary of the present invention, successful.
Claims (10)
1. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies a fertilizing method, comprises step as follows:
(1) within 1-2 days before wheat cultivation, use chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer, stalk organic commercial fertilizer or the soil that become thoroughly decomposed to mix muck, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface;
(2) 1-2 days before wheat cultivation, azophoska needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu is evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, is sprinkled into quicklime and zinc sulphate, wherein simultaneously, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for the 20%-30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count the 60%-70% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for the 40%-50% of potash fertilizer total nutrient;
(3) carry out wholely after step (2) fertilising, adopt wholely and plough deeply in conjunction with rotary tillage or rotary tillage separately, carry out sowing wheat behind whole ground, the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 30-40cm;
(4) carry out second time fertilising in the shooting stage of wheat, the residue fertilizer of azophoska needed for winter wheat Peanut 1 year two season every mu is applied, applies ammonium molybdate, borax and NAM additive simultaneously; In second time fertilising the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for the 70%-80% of nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count the 30%-40% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for the 50%-60% of potash fertilizer total nutrient;
(5) 10-15 days before harvesting wheat, zero tillage and interplanting peanut in wheat interplanting row, peanut no longer applies fertilizer in season.
2. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the amount of application of chicken manure class or stalk organic commercial fertilizer is 100-250kg/ mu, and the mix amount of application of muck of the soil become thoroughly decomposed is 1000-1500kg/ mu.
3. hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient 30%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 70% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for potash fertilizer total nutrient 40%.
4. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 4-6kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 7-8kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 4-5kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of quicklime is 50-70kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of zinc sulphate is 1-2kg/ mu.
5. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, in step (3), plough deeply in conjunction with rotary tillage as ploughing deeply once in conjunction with rotary tillage once, independent rotary tillage is rotary tillage 2-3 time, ploughs deeply degree of depth 20-25cm, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is at 10-15cm.
6. hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, in step (4), in second time fertilising the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for every mu in pure N needed for nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient 70%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 30% of phosphate fertilizer total nutrient needed for accounting for every mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o meter account for every mu needed for potash fertilizer total nutrient 60%.
7. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, in step (4), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer counts 12-18kg/ mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5count 3.5-5kg/ mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts 5-6kg/ mu; The sowing amount of ammonium molybdate is 0.5-1kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of borax is 0.5-1kg/ mu, and the sowing amount of NAM additive is 0.4-0.8kg/ mu.
8. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, in step (4), second time fertilising is ditch spread, by all fertilizer of second time fertilising by artificial or mechanical blending, fertilizer after mixing distance wheat 15-20cm place trench digging in being gone by mechanical peanut interplanting is topdressed, and ditching depth is 5-8cm, earthing after fertilising.
9. hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, in hilly ground winter wheat Peanut Rotation System the average yield of wheat at the average yield of 350-450kg/ mu, peanut pod at 250-350kg/ mu.
10. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, and it is characterized in that, described nitrogenous fertilizer is one of urea, carbonic hydroammonium or combines with diammonium phosphate, is preferably urea; Described phosphate fertilizer is one or more combinations in diammonium phosphate, superphosphate or double superphosphate, is preferably double superphosphate; Described potash fertilizer is combination on one or both in potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, is preferably potassium chloride; Or N P and K all comes from Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium.
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| CN108419497A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-21 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The method for increasing of polymer composite reduction nitrogen phosphorus leaching is not used in a kind of layout planning |
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