CN112616589A - Two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hilly land - Google Patents
Two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hilly land Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hills, which comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a planting land: measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 15-30 cm; step two, land preparation and fertilization: applying enough base fertilizer at one time, wherein the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 15-20 cm; thirdly, sowing summer corns: mulching and sowing summer corns in the middle ten days of 4 months, mechanically and directly sowing the corns in a wide row and double grains manner, wherein the number of plants per mu is 4000 plus 4500 plants, the plant spacing is 25-35cm, the row spacing is 35-45cm, additional fertilization is performed in the late 6 months, and the fertilization amount per mu is 30-45 kg of multi-element fertilizer. The invention fully utilizes resources such as land, light and heat, water and the like, improves the land utilization efficiency, further improves the grain yield, fully reduces the input cost, further effectively avoids resource waste, and fully exerts the water and fertilizer effect to improve the grain yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grain cultivation in dry lands on hills, in particular to a two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry lands on hills.
Background
Crops in dry land areas of hills in China are winter wheat, sorghum and corn (including silage), the winter wheat is an important grain crop, the growth date is 9-10 months to 6-7 months in the next year, and the sorghum growth date is 6 months to 10 months. By the rapid development of the breeding industry, corn is an important feed crop at present, the sowing area is increased year by year, and the growth date is 4-9 months.
The current dry land areas on hills are limited by light and heat resources, the main cultivation mode is one crop a year, namely one crop of winter wheat or summer corn (including silage) is planted one year, the land is idle after harvesting, and the like, so that the serious waste of land resources, rainfall and light energy is caused, the continuous cropping and stubble reversing are difficult, and the yield of unit area soil is low. Therefore, a two-year triple cropping planting mode is provided to improve the utilization rate of hilly dry land areas, further improve the grain yield and improve the economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a two-year triple cropping water-fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hills.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hills comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a planting land: measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 15-30 cm;
step two, land preparation and fertilization: applying enough base fertilizer at one time, wherein the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 15-20 cm;
thirdly, sowing summer corns: 4, mulching and sowing summer corns in the middle ten days of the month, mechanically and directly sowing the corns in a wide row and double grains manner, wherein 4500 plants are 4000 + 4 plants per mu, the plant distance is 25-35cm, the row distance is 35-45cm, additional fertilization is performed in the late 6 months, the fertilization amount per mu is 30-45 kg of multi-element fertilizer, and harvesting is performed in the late 9 months;
fourthly, sowing winter wheat: applying 1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) to each mu of land before sowing, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in 10-month middle ten days, wherein the sowing amount is 28-35 ten thousand of basic seedlings/mu, the sowing row spacing is 13-17cm, the sowing depth is 3-5cm, after sowing and sprouting, irrigating in a water spraying manner, ensuring that the water content is 17-35% and completing seedling supplement, in the wheat filling period, topdressing and irrigating in a manner of mixing water and fertilizer, and irrigating 20-25m3Applying 1.5-2.2 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, simultaneously adopting water and fertilizer to be integrally and slightly sprayed on the leaf surface, and harvesting at the end of 6 months in the next year;
fifthly, sowing autumn sorghum: sowing sorghum at the bottom of 6 months, sowing seeds and directly sowing in a cultivated land after harvesting the wheat, finely preparing the land and harrowing before sowing, fertilizing and promoting the yield of the sorghum according to the seedling emergence condition after seedling emergence, harvesting in the middle ten days of 10 months, and preparing the land after harvesting.
Preferably, the first fertilization in the third step is carried out in the 5-leaf stage of the corn, and 35% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, and the second fertilization is carried out in the 10-leaf stage of the corn, and 65% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied.
Preferably, the first step selects a planting area: and (4) measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 18 cm.
Preferably, the second step of land preparation fertilization: sufficient base fertilizer is applied at one time, the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 18 cm.
Preferably, summer corn is sown in the third step: mulching and sowing summer corns in 4-month middle ten days, mechanically and directly sowing corns in a wide row and double grains mode, wherein the number of plants per mu is 4200, the plant spacing is 27cm, the row spacing is 37cm, additional fertilization is performed in 6-month later ten days, the fertilization amount per mu is 35 kg of multi-element fertilizer, and harvesting is performed in 9-month later ten days.
Preferably, winter wheat is sown in the fourth step: applying 1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) to each mu of land before sowing, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the sowing amount is 30 ten thousand basic seedlings/mu, the sowing row spacing is 15cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, after sowing and sprouting, irrigating in a water spraying manner to ensure that the water content is 20 percent and complete seedling supplementing, in the wheat grouting period, topdressing and irrigating are carried out in a manner of mixing water and fertilizer, and the irrigating time is 23m3And applying 2 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, simultaneously adopting water and fertilizer to be integrally and micro-sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and harvesting at the bottom of 6 months in the next year.
Preferably, 1000 kg/mu of decomposed fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the elongation stage of sorghum in the fifth step, 1000 kg/mu of fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the booting stage of sorghum, 1000 kg/mu of fertilizer and 8-10 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the grain filling stage of sorghum, and a proper amount of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed in the grain sprouting to grain filling stage of sorghum to promote early ripening and increase yield.
Preferably, 1000 kg/mu of decomposed fertilizer and 13 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the fifth step in the sorghum jointing stage, 1000 kg/mu of fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the sorghum booting stage, 1000 kg/mu of fertilizer and 9 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the sorghum filling stage, and a proper amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed in the sorghum heading to filling stage to promote prematurity and increase yield.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
through the organic combination of the growth characteristics of the summer corn, the winter wheat and the autumn sorghum, the resources such as land, light and heat, water and the like are fully utilized, the land utilization efficiency is improved, and further the grain yield is improved.
Through the high-efficient cultivation mode of liquid manure, the input cost has fully been reduced, and then effectively avoids the wasting of resources, and full play liquid manure is used for improving grain output.
By adopting a water and fertilizer irrigation mode of spraying, nitrogen absorption is promoted, and the increased grain weight of the production of substances after flowers is ensured, so that the yield of seeds and the utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example one
A two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hills comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a planting land: measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 15 cm;
step two, land preparation and fertilization: applying enough base fertilizer at one time, wherein the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 15 cm;
thirdly, sowing summer corns: mulching and sowing summer corns in 4-month middle ten days, mechanically and directly sowing the corns in a wide row and two grains manner, wherein the number of plants per mu is 4000, the plant spacing is 25cm, the row spacing is 35cm, additional fertilization is performed in 6-month later ten days, 30 kg of multi-element fertilizer is fertilized per mu, the first fertilization is performed in the 5-leaf period of the corns, 35% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, the second fertilization is performed in the 10-leaf period of the corns, 65% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, and harvesting is performed in 9-month later ten days;
fourthly, sowing winter wheat: applying 1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) to each mu of land before sowing, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the sowing amount is 28 ten thousand plants/mu of basic seedlings, the sowing row spacing is 13cm, the sowing depth is 3cm, after sowing and sprouting, irrigating in a water spraying manner to ensure that the water content is 17 percent and complete seedling supplementing, in the wheat grouting period, topdressing and irrigating are carried out in a manner of mixing water and fertilizer, and the irrigation is 20m3Applying 1.5 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer per mu, simultaneously carrying out water and fertilizer integrated micro-spraying on leaf surfaces, and harvesting at the bottom of 6 months in the next year;
fifthly, sowing autumn sorghum: sowing sorghum at the bottom of 6 months, sowing seeds and direct sowing in a ploughed land after harvesting wheat, finely preparing the land before sowing, harrowing and harrowing, fertilizing and promoting yield of the sorghum according to seedling emergence conditions after seedling emergence, fertilizing and applying thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 10 kg/mu in a sorghum jointing stage, applying fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 20 kg/mu in a sorghum booting stage, applying fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 8 kg/mu in a sorghum grouting stage, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a proper amount from the sorghum heading stage to a grouting stage to promote early ripening and increase yield, harvesting in 10-month middle ten days, and preparing the land after harvesting.
Example two
A two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hills comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a planting land: measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 16 cm;
step two, land preparation and fertilization: applying enough base fertilizer at one time, wherein the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 16 cm;
thirdly, sowing summer corns: mulching and sowing summer corns in 4-month middle ten days, mechanically and directly sowing the corns with wide rows and double grains, wherein 4100 plants are planted per mu, the plant spacing is 26cm, the row spacing is 36cm, additional fertilization is performed in 6-month later days, 32 kg of multi-element fertilizer is fertilized per mu, the first fertilization is performed in the 5-leaf period of the corns, 35% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, the second fertilization is performed in the 10-leaf period of the corns, 65% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, and harvesting is performed in 9-month later days;
fourthly, sowing winter wheat: applying 1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) to each mu of land before sowing, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the sowing amount is 30 ten thousand basic seedlings/mu, the sowing row spacing is 14cm, the sowing depth is 3cm, after sowing and sprouting, irrigating in a water spraying manner to ensure that the water content is 19 percent and complete seedling supplementing, in the wheat grouting period, topdressing and irrigating are carried out in a manner of mixing water and fertilizer, and the irrigation is 22m3Applying 1.7 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer per mu, simultaneously carrying out water and fertilizer integrated micro-spraying on leaf surfaces, and harvesting at the bottom of 6 months in the next year;
fifthly, sowing autumn sorghum: sowing sorghum at the bottom of 6 months, sowing seeds and direct sowing in a ploughed land after harvesting wheat, finely preparing the land before sowing, harrowing and harrowing, fertilizing and promoting yield of the sorghum according to seedling emergence conditions after seedling emergence, fertilizing and applying thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 12 kg/mu in a sorghum jointing stage, applying fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 20 kg/mu in a sorghum booting stage, applying fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 9 kg/mu in a sorghum grouting stage, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a proper amount from the sorghum heading stage to a grouting stage to promote early ripening and increase yield, harvesting in 10-month middle ten days, and preparing the land after harvesting.
EXAMPLE III
A two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hills comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a planting land: measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 18 cm;
step two, land preparation and fertilization: applying enough base fertilizer at one time, wherein the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 18 cm;
thirdly, sowing summer corns: film-covering and sowing summer corns in 4-month middle ten days, mechanically and directly sowing corns in a wide row and double grains, wherein the number of plants per mu is 4200, the plant spacing is 27cm, the row spacing is 37cm, additional fertilization is performed in 6-month later ten days, the fertilization amount per mu is 35 kg of multi-element fertilizer, in the third step, the first fertilization is performed in the 5-leaf stage of the corns, 35% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, the second fertilization is performed in the 10-leaf stage of the corns, 65% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, and harvesting is performed in 9-month later ten days;
fourthly, sowing winter wheat: applying 1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) to each mu of land before sowing, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the sowing amount is 30 ten thousand basic seedlings/mu, the sowing row spacing is 15cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, after sowing and sprouting, irrigating in a water spraying manner to ensure that the water content is 20 percent and complete seedling supplementing, in the wheat grouting period, topdressing and irrigating are carried out in a manner of mixing water and fertilizer, and the irrigating time is 23m3Applying nitrogen fertilizer 2 kg/mu and simultaneously adopting waterThe fertilizer is integrally and slightly sprayed to the leaf surface, and harvested at the end of 6 months in the next year;
fifthly, sowing autumn sorghum: sowing sorghum at the bottom of 6 months, sowing seeds and directly sowing in a cultivated land after harvesting wheat, finely preparing the land before sowing, harrowing and harrowing, fertilizing and promoting yield of the sorghum according to seedling emergence conditions, applying decomposed agricultural fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 13 kg/mu in a sorghum jointing stage in the fifth step, applying the agricultural fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 20 kg/mu in a sorghum booting stage, applying the agricultural fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 9 kg/mu in a sorghum filling stage, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a proper amount from the sorghum heading stage to the sorghum filling stage to promote early ripening and increase yield, harvesting in ten days in 10 months, and preparing the land after harvesting.
Example four
A two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hills comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a planting land: measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 28 cm;
step two, land preparation and fertilization: applying enough base fertilizer at one time, wherein the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 18 cm;
thirdly, sowing summer corns: film-covering and sowing summer corns in the middle ten days of 4 months, mechanically and directly sowing the corns with wide rows and double grains, wherein the number of plants per mu is 4400, the plant spacing is 33cm, the row spacing is 43cm, additional fertilization is performed in the late 6 months, the fertilization amount per mu is 43 kilograms of multi-element fertilizer, the first fertilization is performed in the 5-leaf period of the corns, 35% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, the second fertilization is performed in the 10-leaf period of the corns, 65% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, and harvesting is performed in the late 9 months;
fourthly, sowing winter wheat: applying 1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) to each mu of land before sowing, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the sowing amount is 33 ten thousand plants/mu of basic seedlings, the sowing row spacing is 15cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, after sowing and sprouting, irrigating in a water spraying manner to ensure that the water content is 33 percent and complete seedling supplementing, and in the wheat filling period, topdressing and irrigating are performed in a manner of mixing water and fertilizerIrrigation with water 23m3Applying a nitrogen fertilizer 2.1 kg/mu in a topdressing mode, simultaneously carrying out integrated micro-spraying on the leaf surfaces by adopting water and fertilizer, and harvesting at the bottom of 6 months in the next year;
fifthly, sowing autumn sorghum: sowing sorghum at the bottom of 6 months, sowing seeds and directly sowing in a ploughed land after harvesting wheat, finely preparing the land before sowing, harrowing and harrowing, fertilizing and promoting yield of the sorghum according to seedling emergence conditions after seedling emergence, fertilizing and applying thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 13 kg/mu in a sorghum jointing stage, applying fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 20 kg/mu in a sorghum booting stage, applying fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 9 kg/mu in a sorghum grouting stage, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a proper amount from the sorghum heading stage to a grouting stage to promote early ripening and increase yield, harvesting in 10-month middle ten days, and preparing the land after harvesting.
EXAMPLE five
A two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land of hills comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a planting land: measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 30 cm;
step two, land preparation and fertilization: applying enough base fertilizer at one time, wherein the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 20 cm;
thirdly, sowing summer corns: mulching and sowing summer corns in 4-month middle ten days, mechanically and directly sowing the corns in a wide row and double grains manner, wherein the number of plants per mu is 4500, the plant spacing is 35cm, the row spacing is 45cm, additional fertilization is performed in 6-month later ten days, 45 kg of multi-element fertilizer is applied to each mu, the first fertilization is performed in the 5-leaf period of the corns, 35% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, the second fertilization is performed in the 10-leaf period of the corns, 65% of the total fertilization amount per mu can be applied, and harvesting is performed in 9-month later ten days;
fourthly, sowing winter wheat: applying 1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) to each mu of land before sowing, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the sowing amount is 35 ten thousand plants/mu of basic seedlings, the sowing row spacing is 17cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, after sowing and sprouting, adopting a water spraying mode to irrigate, ensuring that the water content is 35 percent, completing seedling supplement, grouting wheat, and filling grain in the wheatIn the stage, the mode of mixing water and fertilizer is adopted for topdressing and irrigation, and the water is irrigated for 25m3Applying a nitrogen fertilizer 2.2 kg/mu in a topdressing mode, simultaneously carrying out integrated micro-spraying on the leaf surfaces by adopting water and fertilizer, and harvesting at the bottom of 6 months in the next year;
fifthly, sowing autumn sorghum: sowing sorghum at the bottom of 6 months, sowing seeds and direct sowing in a ploughed land after harvesting wheat, finely preparing the land before sowing, harrowing and harrowing, fertilizing and promoting yield of the sorghum according to seedling emergence conditions after seedling emergence, fertilizing and applying thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 15 kg/mu in a sorghum jointing stage, applying fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 20 kg/mu in a sorghum booting stage, applying fertilizer 1000 kg/mu and urea 10 kg/mu in a sorghum grouting stage, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a proper amount from the sorghum heading stage to a grouting stage to promote early ripening and increase yield, harvesting in 10-month middle ten days, and preparing the land after harvesting.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A two-year triple cropping water and fertilizer efficient cultivation method for grain crops in dry land on hills is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, selecting a planting land: measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 15-30 cm;
step two, land preparation and fertilization: applying enough base fertilizer at one time, wherein the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 15-20 cm;
thirdly, sowing summer corns: 4, mulching and sowing summer corns in the middle ten days of the month, mechanically and directly sowing the corns in a wide row and double grains manner, wherein 4500 plants are 4000 + 4 plants per mu, the plant distance is 25-35cm, the row distance is 35-45cm, additional fertilization is performed in the late 6 months, the fertilization amount per mu is 30-45 kg of multi-element fertilizer, and harvesting is performed in the late 9 months;
fourthly, sowing winter wheat: is applied to each mu of land before sowing1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure), 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the sowing quantity is 28-35 ten thousand plants/mu of basic seedlings, the sowing row spacing is 13-17cm, the sowing depth is 3-5cm, after sowing and sprouting, irrigating in a water spraying mode to ensure the water content to be 17-35 percent and complete seedling supplementing, in the wheat filling period, topdressing and irrigating are carried out in a mode of mixing water with the fertilizer, and the irrigating time is 20-25m3Applying 1.5-2.2 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, simultaneously adopting water and fertilizer to be integrally and slightly sprayed on the leaf surface, and harvesting at the end of 6 months in the next year;
fifthly, sowing autumn sorghum: sowing sorghum at the bottom of 6 months, sowing seeds and directly sowing in a cultivated land after harvesting the wheat, finely preparing the land and harrowing before sowing, fertilizing and promoting the yield of the sorghum according to the seedling emergence condition after seedling emergence, harvesting in the middle ten days of 10 months, and preparing the land after harvesting.
2. The method for high efficiency cultivation of grain crops in dry land on hills with water and fertilizer triple cropping in two years according to claim 1, characterized in that in the third step, the first fertilization is carried out in the 5-leaf stage of corn, which can apply 35% of the total fertilization amount per acre, and the second fertilization is carried out in the 10-leaf stage of corn, which can apply 65% of the total fertilization amount per acre.
3. The method for efficiently cultivating grain crops in dry land on hills by using water and fertilizer triple cropping in two years is characterized in that the first step is to select a planting land: and (4) measuring the water content and the nutrient element content in the soil, wherein the soil depth is 18 cm.
4. The method for efficiently cultivating grain crops in dry land on hills by using water and fertilizer triple cropping in two years is characterized in that the second step is land preparation and fertilizer application: sufficient base fertilizer is applied at one time, the applied fertilizer is 1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) and 15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the depth of the base fertilizer applied into the soil is 18 cm.
5. The method for efficiently cultivating grain crops in dry land on hills by using water and fertilizer triple cropping in two years is characterized in that summer corn is sown in the third step: mulching and sowing summer corns in 4-month middle ten days, mechanically and directly sowing corns in a wide row and double grains mode, wherein the number of plants per mu is 4200, the plant spacing is 27cm, the row spacing is 37cm, additional fertilization is performed in 6-month later ten days, the fertilization amount per mu is 35 kg of multi-element fertilizer, and harvesting is performed in 9-month later ten days.
6. The method for efficiently cultivating grain crops in dry land on hills by using water and fertilizer triple cropping in two years is characterized in that winter wheat is sown in the fourth step: applying 1 ton/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer (cow and sheep manure) to each mu of land before sowing, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mechanically sowing winter wheat in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the sowing amount is 30 ten thousand basic seedlings/mu, the sowing row spacing is 15cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, after sowing and sprouting, irrigating in a water spraying manner to ensure that the water content is 20 percent and complete seedling supplementing, in the wheat grouting period, topdressing and irrigating are carried out in a manner of mixing water and fertilizer, and the irrigating time is 23m3And applying 2 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, simultaneously adopting water and fertilizer to be integrally and micro-sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and harvesting at the bottom of 6 months in the next year.
7. The method for high-efficiency cultivation of grain crops in dry land on hilly land by using water and fertilizer triple cropping in two years as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1000 kg/mu of decomposed fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the elongation stage of sorghum in the fifth step, 1000 kg/mu of fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the booting stage of sorghum, 1000 kg/mu of fertilizer and 8-10 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the filling stage of sorghum, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is properly sprayed in the heading stage to increase yield.
8. The method for high-efficiency cultivation of grain crops in dry land on hilly land by using water and fertilizer triple cropping in two years as claimed in claim 7, wherein 1000 kg/mu of decomposed fertilizer and 13 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the elongation stage of sorghum in said fifth step, 1000 kg/mu of fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the booting stage of sorghum, 1000 kg/mu of fertilizer and 9 kg/mu of urea can be applied in the filling stage of sorghum, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is properly sprayed in the heading to filling stage of sorghum to promote early ripening and increase yield.
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| CN116616135A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-08-22 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | Method for light simplified green production of wheat-corn |
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