CN109964713A - One kind being used for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla - Google Patents
One kind being used for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla Download PDFInfo
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- CN109964713A CN109964713A CN201711451423.5A CN201711451423A CN109964713A CN 109964713 A CN109964713 A CN 109964713A CN 201711451423 A CN201711451423 A CN 201711451423A CN 109964713 A CN109964713 A CN 109964713A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be used for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla, including following implantation methods: pre-planting field selection, clear garden and light transmittance adjustment and three-dimensional composite cultivation mode and arrangement of time；Bletilla interplanting and management method；The attached cultivation of dictyophora phalloidea and management method.Dictyophora phalloidea, bletilla can be planted in chinquapin woods by implantation methods of the present invention, to take full advantage of chinquapin forest land temperature, humidity, illumination and space, obtain chinquapin growing space, nutrition are shared with dictyophora phalloidea, bletilla complementary, furthermore, while improving chinquapin woods single forest stand structure, forest land unit area output is improved again, is increased peasant economy income, has been reached the bumper harvests of economic benefit and ecological benefits；By the planting patterns of bletilla interplanting, the attached cultivation of dictyophora phalloidea, and cooperate scientific and reasonable lance system, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control to spray water, fertilizing management, to effectively improve the yield of bletilla, dictyophora phalloidea.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Trinitarian implantation methods, specially a kind of for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and bletilla three one
The implantation methods of body belong to agricultural planting technique applied technical field.
Background technique
Chinquapin is a kind of food being favored by people, thus many people start to plant Li Lin, and market is advanced wide；Bletilla
With stem tuber hyoscine, energy astringing to arrest bleeding, detumescence and promoting granulation；Pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, bronchiectasis hemoptysis etc. are controlled, in biological medicine, is protected
Health food, textile printing and dyeing, sapecial coating and daily-use chemical industry etc. have huge commercial exploitation；Dictyophora phalloidea is full of nutrition, fragrant
Taste is strong, and flavour is delicious, is just classified as one of " careless eight delicacies " from ancient times.
In daily planting process, chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and bletilla are used mostly and are separately planted, mutually not related
Connection, such method cannot achieve raw material, the reasonable distribution of goods and materials utilizes, and increase planting cost.Therefore, it proposes regarding to the issue above
One kind being used for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that provide a kind of for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and bletilla three one to solve the above-mentioned problems
The implantation methods of body.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose, and one kind being used for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the bletilla Trinity
Implantation methods, including following implantation methods:
The selection of 1.1 fields: the chinquapin field of three-dimensional composite cultivation requires selection convenient, and there is running water source on periphery, and soil layer is deep
Thick, loose fertile, well-drained loam or sand loam, soil acidity or alkalinity are in subacidity, the gentle slope of the gradient≤25 ° or level
Band-like orchard establishment field, while requiring the orchard establishment time at 10 years or more, 6 centimetres of major branch stem thickness or more, growth is vigorous, without serious disease pest
Harmful chinquapin garden；
1.2 clear gardens and light transmittance adjustment: before plantation, carrying out the garden Li Yuanqing, and chinquapin dry branches and fallen leaves, Li Pu, weeds etc. are clear
Except garden or Ji Dui are burned out, and with quick lime 8: sulphur 1: salt 1: 20 parts of water are modulated into white-out agent to 50cm or less trunk from the ground
It is whitewashed, reduces population number, inhibit the generation of chestnut disease, build good growing environment for dictyophora phalloidea growth, meanwhile, knot
Chinquapin winter pruning and summer pruning are closed, using cutting down strain, deleting the pruning methods such as branch, cutting back, retraction control cone woods light transmittance, is built
It is suitble to the shade density of dictyophora phalloidea, bletilla growing environment, light transmittance control is in 30%- when summer chinquapin woods branches and leaves coverage maximum
40%；
1.3 three-dimensional composite cultivation modes and arrangement of time: the mode takes upper layer chinquapin rime fruit, the attached cultivation bamboo of middle layer trunk
Sweet-smelling grass, lower layer field interplant the planting type of bletilla, make field solid space obtain most efficiently utilizing, bletilla implantation time arrangement
It is excavated when yellow withered to the 4th year 9-10 month cauline leaf in late Febuary late December-from 4 years a cycles of harvest are planted to；
Dictyophora phalloidea, which grows nonparasitically upon another plant, plants the time as April in March-, and plantation terminates after 7 months；
The interplanting of 1.4 bletillas and management:
1.4.1 site preparation and fertilising: spread fertilizer over the fields in every 667 square metres before site preparation quick lime 150kg carry out soil sterilization, then into
Row growth belt site preparation after previous season crop harvests, 20 centimeters of plowed soils or more, applies decomposed dung or compost 1500- per acre
It 2000 kilograms, ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, before plantation, then plough shallowly 1 time, it is then whole carefully to rake；
1.4.2 seedling stem selects: bletilla mainly uses its stem tuber to breed, generally when harvesting in 9-10 month, selection current year raw tool
There are old stalk and tender shoots, free from insect pests, make planting material without excavation the wounded, with digging with cultivation:
1.4.3 kind is planted: wide 1 meter or so, high 30 centimeters or so of compartment is opened in whole good ground, by about 30 centimeters of line-spacing, nest
Away from 30 centimeters or so digging nests, nest is 10 centimeters or so deep, and nest bottom will be put down, and the stem tuber for having tender shoots be cut into fritter, every piece of need have bud
1-2, every nest plants 3, stem, and flat pendulum nest bottom, each stalk is close, and bud mouth is outside, is staggered at triangle, and thin loam is covered after cultivation
Or fiery dirt, primary decomposed thin people and animals' liquid dung is poured, then blinding is flushed with compartment face；
1.4.4 field management: including tillage and weeding, water management, top dressing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
1.4.5 harvest: it is necessary to excavate when generally yellow withered to the 4th year 9-10 month cauline leaf, not so excessively crowded, growth is not
Good, when excavation, first upper residual stem dead leaf with clearing, with hoe, stem tuber Lian Tuyi digging is shrugged off mud by grafter below stem tuber
Soil, does not pluck fibrous root, individually takes, first select and remain have old stalk stem tuber make seedling stem after, cut off stalk, be put into large bamboo or wicker basket, in clear water
Impregnate 1 hour or so, step on rough bark and soil, be put into boiling water pot and constantly stir, boil it is interior without the white heart when (about 6-10 point
Clock) it takes out, big solar weather is shone 2-3 days or is dried 5-6 hour, after surface is stiff, is smoked 12 hours with sulphur, using food-grade material
Expect sealed package, is placed in cool place, divulges information, stored at drying；
The attached cultivation of 1.5 dictyophora phalloidea and management:
1.5.1 be laid with spray irrigation system: the construction of spray irrigation system, which is preferably grown nonparasitically upon another plant in dictyophora phalloidea, transplants preceding progress, and spray irrigation system is by storing
Pond, aqueduct, water pipeline and spray first class sections composition, it is desirable to which reservoir utilizes drop in the top in field
Nature sprinkling irrigation is carried out, cost is reduced, if reservoir will calculate booster pump according to amount of water sprayed and water spray height in the lower section in forest land
Power, spray irrigation system is fog-like to be preferred to spray thin droplet, and aqueduct can be managed with PE75 or PE50, is laid on the field edge of a field
On roadside, generally every one, 15-20 rice, upper end is connect with reservoir, and lower end is connect with water pipeline, and water pipeline uses
PE20 or PE16 pipe, is erected on the crotch on top layer dictyophora phalloidea, control valve, spray head number is set between water-supply-pipe and sparge pipe
Every plant of tree installation 2-3 is measured, the upper whole dictyophora phalloidea of tree of being subject to can be sprayed onto；
1.5.2 it grows nonparasitically upon another plant plant: being bundled from bottom to top in layer with straw rope around trunk, layer is away from 25-30cm, every layer of 3-
4 clumps, clump every clump 3-5 plants, dictyophora phalloidea seedling is bundled on chinquapin trunk or major branch away from 8-10cm, lowest level from the ground 80cm with
On, in order to avoid cone of influence chestnut soil, fertilizer, water management and soil splash down pollution, when binding, should bundle winding dictyophora phalloidea basal part of stem below
System, cannot be too top or too on the lower；
1.5.3 manage: the dictyophora phalloidea daily management for cultivation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is fairly simple, because dictyophora phalloidea is more demanding to humidity, mainly
Water spray management, general spring rainfall is more, humidity is big, and without spraying water or spraying water less, summer, two season of autumn spray water 0.5-2h daily, rain
It is not sprayed water, and in the chinquapin collecting period, stops or reduces water spray number and time, in order to avoid cause chinquapin chestnut fruit water content excessive, no
It is saved using depositing, chestnut fruit quality decline, in spring and summer, the dictyophora phalloidea season of growth in autumn can spray phosphorus every 15 days while water spray
The foliar fertilizers such as acid dihydride potassium are primary；
1.5.4 harvest: after planting 60-70 days bacterias terminate, the production cycle 7 October into fruiting between month summer 5-9
A month or so.
Preferably, for the tillage and weeding in 1.4.4: bletilla plant is short and small, cannot keeps under control weeds, therefore it is noted that intertillage removes
Grass, it is annual 4 times general, it is white because weed growth is fast at this time for the second time when June, growth was vigorous for the first time after the 3-4 month emerges
And seedling is again short and small, to go out weeds to the greatest extent in time, avoid farmland running to weeds；The crop that third time is made between the 8-9 month, the 4th combination harvest is shallow
Compartment face is uprooted, weeds are rooted out, intertillage will be uprooted shallowly every time, in case hurting bud hurts root.
Preferably, for the water management in 1.4.4: bletilla likes dark and damp environment, and milpa will often keep wet, meets day
The watering in time of gas arid, when the 7-9 month is arid, respectively pours a water sooner or later, and bletilla is afraid of flood again, dredges ditch after rainy season or each heavy rain in time
Extra ponding is excluded, avoids rotten.
Preferably, for the top dressing in 1.4.4: bletilla is fertilizer favorite, should be in conjunction with tillage and weeding, annual top dressing 3-4 times, for the first time
In 3-4 month Qi Miaohou, 4-5 kilograms of ammonium sulfate is applied per acre, is converted decomposed light liquid dung application, is grown animated period in the 5-6 month for the second time,
Apply 30-40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per acre, mix sufficiently macerate it is ripe after compost, spread fertilizer over the fields on the face of compartment, intertillage be mixed into soil, exist for the third time
Decomposed people and animals' liquid dung was applied per acre and mixes 2000-2500 kilograms of farmyard manure the 8-9 month.
Preferably, for the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in 1.4.4: the pest and disease damage of bletilla is mainly leaf spot, stem rot, rust
Deng the sprinkling prevention and treatment of the pesticides such as optional difenoconazole, fenaminosulf；The primary pest of bletilla be black cutworm and grub, can
The pungent granule trench digging of metrifonate powder, poison is selected to spread fertilizer over the fields or pour prevention and treatment.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: dictyophora phalloidea, bletilla can be planted in chinquapin woods by this kind of implantation methods, thus sufficiently benefit
With chinquapin forest land temperature, humidity, illumination and space, obtain chinquapin and dictyophora phalloidea, bletilla mutually on growing space, nutrition are shared
It mends, in addition, while improving chinquapin woods single forest stand structure, and forest land unit area output is improved, increase peasant economy and receives
Enter, has reached the bumper harvests of economic benefit and ecological benefits；It is interplanted by bletilla, the planting patterns of the attached cultivation of dictyophora phalloidea, and cooperation section
Learn reasonable lance system, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control to spray water, fertilizing management, thus effectively improve bletilla, dictyophora phalloidea yield.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
One kind being used for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla, including following implantation methods:
The selection of 1.1 fields: the chinquapin field of three-dimensional composite cultivation requires selection convenient, and there is running water source on periphery, and soil layer is deep
Thick, loose fertile, well-drained loam or sand loam, soil acidity or alkalinity are in subacidity, the gentle slope of the gradient≤25 ° or level
Band-like orchard establishment field, while requiring the orchard establishment time at 10 years or more, 6 centimetres of major branch stem thickness or more, growth is vigorous, without serious disease pest
Harmful chinquapin garden；
1.2 clear gardens and light transmittance adjustment: before plantation, carrying out the garden Li Yuanqing, and chinquapin dry branches and fallen leaves, Li Pu, weeds etc. are clear
Except garden or Ji Dui are burned out, and with quick lime 8: sulphur 1: salt 1: 20 parts of water are modulated into white-out agent to 50cm or less trunk from the ground
It is whitewashed, reduces population number, inhibit the generation of chestnut disease, build good growing environment for dictyophora phalloidea growth, meanwhile, knot
Chinquapin winter pruning and summer pruning are closed, using cutting down strain, deleting the pruning methods such as branch, cutting back, retraction control cone woods light transmittance, is built
It is suitble to the shade density of dictyophora phalloidea, bletilla growing environment, light transmittance control is in 30%- when summer chinquapin woods branches and leaves coverage maximum
40%；
1.3 three-dimensional composite cultivation modes and arrangement of time: the mode takes upper layer chinquapin rime fruit, the attached cultivation bamboo of middle layer trunk
Sweet-smelling grass, lower layer field interplant the planting type of bletilla, make field solid space obtain most efficiently utilizing, bletilla implantation time arrangement
It is excavated when yellow withered to the 4th year 9-10 month cauline leaf in late Febuary late December-from 4 years a cycles of harvest are planted to；
Dictyophora phalloidea, which grows nonparasitically upon another plant, plants the time as April in March-, and plantation terminates after 7 months；
The interplanting of 1.4 bletillas and management:
1.4.1 site preparation and fertilising: spread fertilizer over the fields in every 667 square metres before site preparation quick lime 150kg carry out soil sterilization, then into
Row growth belt site preparation after previous season crop harvests, 20 centimeters of plowed soils or more, applies decomposed dung or compost 1500- per acre
It 2000 kilograms, ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, before plantation, then plough shallowly 1 time, it is then whole carefully to rake；
1.4.2 seedling stem selects: bletilla mainly uses its stem tuber to breed, generally when harvesting in 9-10 month, selection current year raw tool
There are old stalk and tender shoots, free from insect pests, make planting material without excavation the wounded, with digging with cultivation；
1.4.3 kind is planted: wide 1 meter or so, high 30 centimeters or so of compartment is opened in whole good ground, by about 30 centimeters of line-spacing, nest
Away from 30 centimeters or so digging nests, nest is 10 centimeters or so deep, and nest bottom will be put down, and the stem tuber for having tender shoots be cut into fritter, every piece of need have bud
1-2, every nest plants 3, stem, and flat pendulum nest bottom, each stalk is close, and bud mouth is outside, is staggered at triangle, and thin loam is covered after cultivation
Or fiery dirt, primary decomposed thin people and animals' liquid dung is poured, then blinding is flushed with compartment face；
1.4.4 field management: including tillage and weeding, water management, top dressing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
1.4.5 harvest: it is necessary to excavate when generally yellow withered to the 4th year 9-10 month cauline leaf, not so excessively crowded, growth is not
Good, when excavation, first upper residual stem dead leaf with clearing, with hoe, stem tuber Lian Tuyi digging is shrugged off mud by grafter below stem tuber
Soil, does not pluck fibrous root, individually takes, first select and remain have old stalk stem tuber make seedling stem after, cut off stalk, be put into large bamboo or wicker basket, in clear water
Impregnate 1 hour or so, step on rough bark and soil, be put into boiling water pot and constantly stir, boil it is interior without the white heart when (about 6-10 point
Clock) it takes out, big solar weather is shone 2-3 days or is dried 5-6 hour, after surface is stiff, is smoked 12 hours with sulphur, using food-grade material
Expect sealed package, is placed in cool place, divulges information, stored at drying；
The attached cultivation of 1.5 dictyophora phalloidea and management:
1.5.1 be laid with spray irrigation system: the construction of spray irrigation system, which is preferably grown nonparasitically upon another plant in dictyophora phalloidea, transplants preceding progress, and spray irrigation system is by storing
Pond, aqueduct, water pipeline and spray first class sections composition, it is desirable to which reservoir utilizes drop in the top in field
Nature sprinkling irrigation is carried out, cost is reduced, if reservoir will calculate booster pump according to amount of water sprayed and water spray height in the lower section in forest land
Power, spray irrigation system is fog-like to be preferred to spray thin droplet, and aqueduct can be managed with PE75 or PE50, is laid on the field edge of a field
On roadside, generally every one, 15-20 rice, upper end is connect with reservoir, and lower end is connect with water pipeline, and water pipeline uses
PE20 or PE16 pipe, is erected on the crotch on top layer dictyophora phalloidea, control valve, spray head number is set between water-supply-pipe and sparge pipe
Every plant of tree installation 2-3 is measured, the upper whole dictyophora phalloidea of tree of being subject to can be sprayed onto；
1.5.2 it grows nonparasitically upon another plant plant: being bundled from bottom to top in layer with straw rope around trunk, layer is away from 25-30cm, every layer of 3-
4 clumps, clump every clump 3-5 plants, dictyophora phalloidea seedling is bundled on chinquapin trunk or major branch away from 8-10cm, lowest level from the ground 80cm with
On, in order to avoid cone of influence chestnut soil, fertilizer, water management and soil splash down pollution, when binding, should bundle winding dictyophora phalloidea basal part of stem below
System, cannot be too top or too on the lower；
1.5.3 manage: the dictyophora phalloidea daily management for cultivation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is fairly simple, because dictyophora phalloidea is more demanding to humidity, mainly
Water spray management, general spring rainfall is more, humidity is big, and without spraying water or spraying water less, summer, two season of autumn spray water 0.5-2h daily, rain
It is not sprayed water, and in the chinquapin collecting period, stops or reduces water spray number and time, in order to avoid cause chinquapin chestnut fruit water content excessive, no
It is saved using depositing, chestnut fruit quality decline, in spring and summer, the dictyophora phalloidea season of growth in autumn can spray phosphorus every 15 days while water spray
The foliar fertilizers such as acid dihydride potassium are primary；
1.5.4 harvest: after planting 60-70 days bacterias terminate, the production cycle 7 October into fruiting between month summer 5-9
A month or so.
As a kind of technical optimization scheme of the invention, for the tillage and weeding in 1.4.4: bletilla plant is short and small, and pressure is not
Firmly weeds, therefore it is noted that tillage and weeding, annual 4 times general, for the first time after the 3-4 month emerges, second is vigorous in growth in June
When, because weed growth is fast at this time, bletilla seedling is again short and small, to go out weeds to the greatest extent in time, avoid farmland running to weeds；Third time is in the 8-9 month, and the 4th
The crop made between secondary combination harvest shallowly uproots compartment face, roots out weeds, and intertillage will be uprooted shallowly every time, in case hurting bud hurts root, thus effectively
Removal Tanaka weeds, guarantee bletilla growth nutrient.
As a kind of technical optimization scheme of the invention, for the water management in 1.4.4: bletilla likes dark and damp environment, plants
Training ground will often keep wet, meet the watering in time of weather arid, when the 7-9 month is arid, respectively pour a water sooner or later, and bletilla is afraid of flood again,
Ditch is dredged after rainy season or each heavy rain in time and excludes extra ponding, rotten is avoided, meets the needs of bletilla growth is to water.
As a kind of technical optimization scheme of the invention, for the top dressing in 1.4.4: bletilla is fertilizer favorite, should remove in conjunction with intertillage
Grass, annual top dressing 3-4 times apply 4-5 kilograms of ammonium sulfate for the first time in 3-4 month Qi Miaohou per acre, convert decomposed light liquid dung application,
Second grows animated period in the 5-6 month, applies 30-40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per acre, mix sufficiently macerate it is ripe after compost, spread fertilizer over the fields in compartment face
On, intertillage is mixed into soil, for the third time in the 8-9 month, is applied decomposed people and animals' liquid dung per acre and is mixed 2000-2500 kilograms of farmyard manure, meet
Bletilla grows the demand to fertilizer.
As a kind of technical optimization scheme of the invention, for the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in 1.4.4: the pest and disease damage of bletilla is main
It is leaf spot, stem rot, rust etc., the sprinkling prevention and treatment of the pesticides such as difenoconazole, fenaminosulf can be selected；The primary pest of bletilla
For black cutworm and grub, the pungent granule trench digging of metrifonate powder, poison can be selected and spread fertilizer over the fields or pour prevention and treatment, can effectively eliminate disease pest
Evil improves bletilla quality.
For the present invention when implementing, detailed process is as follows: field selection, clear garden and light transmittance adjustment are first carried out before planting,
And oppose bluk recombination planting type and the time is arranged；Then bletilla is interplanted, is spread fertilizer over the fields in every 667 square metres before site preparation
Quick lime 150kg carries out soil sterilization, then carries out growth belt site preparation, after previous season crop harvest, 20 centimeters of plowed soils with
On, decomposed dung or 1500-2000 kilograms of compost are applied per acre, are ploughed under and are made base manure in soil, before plantation, then plough shallowly 1 time, then
It is whole carefully to rake；It selects suitable seedling stem to be planted, opens wide 1 meter or so, high 30 centimeters or so of compartment in whole good ground, by row
Away from about 30 centimeters, 30 centimeters of nest spacing or so digging nests, nest is 10 centimeters or so deep, and nest bottom will be put down, and the stem tuber for having tender shoots be cut into small
Block, every piece of need have bud 1-2, and every nest plants 3, stem, and flat pendulum nest bottom, each stalk is close, and bud mouth is outside, are staggered at triangle,
Thin loam or fiery dirt are covered after cultivation, pour primary decomposed thin people and animals' liquid dung, then blinding is flushed with compartment face；After having been planted to bletilla
Start the attached cultivation of dictyophora phalloidea, first laying spray irrigation system, the construction of spray irrigation system, which is preferably grown nonparasitically upon another plant in dictyophora phalloidea, transplants preceding progress, spray irrigation system
It is made of reservoir, aqueduct, water pipeline and spray first class sections, it is desirable to which reservoir is utilized in the top in field
Drop carries out nature sprinkling irrigation, cost is reduced, if reservoir will calculate increasing according to amount of water sprayed and water spray height in the lower section in forest land
Press pump power, spray irrigation system is fog-like to be preferred to spray thin droplet, and aqueduct can be managed with PE75 or PE50, is laid on field
On the roadside of the edge of a field, generally every one, 15-20 rice, upper end is connect with reservoir, and lower end is connect with water pipeline, and water pipeline is adopted
It is managed with PE20 or PE16, is erected on the crotch on top layer dictyophora phalloidea, control valve, spray head are set between water-supply-pipe and sparge pipe
Every plant of tree installation 2-3 of quantity, the upper whole dictyophora phalloidea of tree of being subject to can be sprayed onto；Then start plant of growing nonparasitically upon another plant: with straw rope around tree
Dry to bundle from bottom to top in layer, layer is away from 25-30cm, and every layer 3-4 clumps, clump is away from 8-10cm, and every clump 3-5 plants, by dictyophora phalloidea seedling
It is bundled on chinquapin trunk or major branch, lowest level 80cm or more from the ground, in case cone of influence chestnut soil, fertilizer, water management and soil splash
Fall pollution, when binding should bundle winding dictyophora phalloidea basal part of stem root system below, cannot be too top or too on the lower；It is wanted in later period plantation
Field management, mainly tillage and weeding, water management, top dressing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are carried out to chinquapin, bletilla and dictyophora phalloidea；Bletilla
It is necessary to excavate when yellow withered to the 4th year 9-10 month cauline leaf, with hoe, grafter trembles stem tuber Lian Tuyi digging below stem tuber
Remove soil, do not pluck fibrous root, individually take, first select and remain have old stalk stem tuber make seedling stem after, cut off stalk, be put into large bamboo or wicker basket, clear
Impregnated 1 hour or so in water, step on rough bark and soil, be put into boiling water pot and constantly stir, boil it is interior without the white heart when (about 6-10
Minute) take out, big solar weather is shone 2-3 days or is dried 5-6 hour, after surface is stiff, is smoked 12 hours with sulphur, using food-grade
Material sealed package is placed in cool place, divulges information, stores at drying；Dictyophora phalloidea is in after planting 60-70 days bacterias, into month summer 5-9
Between fruiting, terminate October, the production cycle 7 months or so.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is used for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla, it is characterised in that: including following implantation methods:
The selection of 1.1 fields: the chinquapin field of three-dimensional composite cultivation requires selection convenient, and there is running water source on periphery, and soil layer is deep, thin
Fertile, the well-drained loam of pine or sand loam, soil acidity or alkalinity are in subacidity, the gentle slope of the gradient≤25 ° or horizontal band-like
Orchard establishment field, while requiring the orchard establishment time at 10 years or more, 6 centimetres of major branch stem thickness or more, growth is vigorous, without serious pest and disease damage
Chinquapin garden；
1.2 clear gardens and light transmittance adjustment: before plantation, the garden Li Yuanqing is carried out, chinquapin dry branches and fallen leaves, Li Pu, weeds etc. are cleared out of
Garden or Ji Dui are burned, and with quick lime 8: sulphur 1: salt 1: 20 parts of water are modulated into white-out agent and carry out to 50cm or less trunk from the ground
It whitewashes, reduces population number, inhibit the generation of chestnut disease, build good growing environment for dictyophora phalloidea growth, meanwhile, in conjunction with cone
Chestnut winter pruning and summer pruning are built and are suitble to using cutting down strain, deleting the pruning methods such as branch, cutting back, retraction control cone woods light transmittance
Dictyophora phalloidea, bletilla growing environment shade density, light transmittance control is in 30%-40% when summer chinquapin woods branches and leaves coverage maximum；
1.3 three-dimensional composite cultivation modes and arrangement of time: the mode takes upper layer chinquapin rime fruit, the attached cultivation dictyophora phalloidea of middle layer trunk,
The planting type of bletilla is interplanted in lower layer field, makes field solid space obtain most efficiently utilizing, bletilla implantation time is arranged in
Late Febuary late December-excavates when yellow withered to the 4th year 9-10 month cauline leaf from 4 years a cycles of harvest are planted to；Bamboo
Sweet-smelling grass, which is grown nonparasitically upon another plant, plants the time as April in March-, and plantation terminates after 7 months；
The interplanting of 1.4 bletillas and management:
1.4.1 site preparation and fertilising: quick lime 150kg is spread fertilizer over the fields before site preparation in every 667 square metres and carries out soil sterilization, is then planted
Band site preparation is planted, after previous season crop harvests, 20 centimeters of plowed soils or more, applies decomposed dung or compost 1500-2000 per acre
Kilogram, it ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, before plantation, then plough shallowly 1 time, it is then whole carefully to rake；
1.4.2 seedling stem selects: bletilla mainly uses its stem tuber to breed, and generally when harvesting in 9-10 month, selection current year life has old
Stalk and tender shoots, free from insect pests make planting material without excavation the wounded, with digging with cultivation.
1.4.3 kind is planted: wide 1 meter or so, high 30 centimeters or so of compartment is opened in whole good ground, by about 30 centimeters of line-spacing, nest spacing 30
Centimetre or so digs nest, and nest is 10 centimeters or so deep, and nest bottom will be put down, and the stem tuber for having tender shoots be cut into fritter, every piece of need have bud 1-2
A, every nest plants 3, stem, and flat pendulum nest bottom, each stalk is close, and bud mouth is outside, is staggered at triangle, and thin loam or fire are covered after cultivation
Dirt pours primary decomposed thin people and animals' liquid dung, and then blinding is flushed with compartment face；
1.4.4 field management: including tillage and weeding, water management, top dressing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
1.4.5 harvest: it is necessary to excavate when generally yellow withered to the 4th year 9-10 month cauline leaf, not so excessively crowded, undergrowth is adopted
When digging, first residual stem dead leaf upper with clearing, with hoe, grafter shrugs off stem tuber Lian Tuyi digging soil, does not pluck below stem tuber
Fibrous root is individually taken, first select and remain have old stalk stem tuber make seedling stem after, cut off stalk, be put into large bamboo or wicker basket, impregnated in clear water 1 small
When or so, step on rough bark and soil, be put into boiling water pot and constantly stir, boil it is interior without the white heart when (about 6-10 minutes) take out,
Big solar weather is shone 2-3 days or is dried 5-6 hour, after surface is stiff, is smoked 12 hours with sulphur, is sealed and is wrapped using food grade materials
Dress is placed in cool place, divulges information, stores at drying；
The attached cultivation of 1.5 dictyophora phalloidea and management:
1.5.1 be laid with spray irrigation system: the construction of spray irrigation system, which is preferably grown nonparasitically upon another plant in dictyophora phalloidea, transplants preceding progress, and spray irrigation system is by water storage
Pond, aqueduct, water pipeline and spray first class sections composition, it is desirable to reservoir in the top in field, using drop into
Row is sprayed naturally, reduces cost, if reservoir will calculate pressurization pump work according to amount of water sprayed and water spray height in the lower section in forest land
Rate, spray irrigation system is fog-like to be preferred to spray thin droplet, and aqueduct can be managed with PE75 or PE50, with being laid on field slubbing
Bian Shang, generally every one, 15-20 rice, upper end is connect with reservoir, and lower end is connect with water pipeline, and water pipeline uses PE20
Or PE16 pipe, it is erected on the crotch on top layer dictyophora phalloidea, control valve is set between water-supply-pipe and sparge pipe, spray head quantity is every
Installation 2-3, strain tree, the upper whole dictyophora phalloidea of tree of being subject to can be sprayed onto；
1.5.2 it grows nonparasitically upon another plant plant: being bundled from bottom to top in layer with straw rope around trunk, layer is away from 25-30cm, and every layer 3-4 clumps,
Clump every clump 3-5 plants, dictyophora phalloidea seedling is bundled on chinquapin trunk or major branch away from 8-10cm, lowest level 80cm or more from the ground, with
Exempt from cone of influence chestnut soil, fertilizer, water management and soil and splash down pollution, when binding should bundle winding dictyophora phalloidea basal part of stem root system below, no
It can be too top or too on the lower；
1.5.3 manage: the dictyophora phalloidea daily management for cultivation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is fairly simple, because dictyophora phalloidea is more demanding to humidity, mainly sprays water
Management, general spring rainfall is more, humidity is big, and without spraying water or spraying water less, summer, two season of autumn spray water 0.5-2h daily, and the rainy day is not
Water spray, in the chinquapin collecting period, stopping or reduction water spray number and time do not utilize in order to avoid causing chinquapin chestnut fruit water content excessive
Preservation is deposited, chestnut fruit quality decline, in spring and summer, the dictyophora phalloidea season of growth in autumn can spray di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate every 15 days while water spray
The foliar fertilizers such as hydrogen potassium are primary；
1.5.4 harvest: after planting 60-70 days bacterias terminate, the production cycle 7 months October into fruiting between month summer 5-9
Left and right.
2. a kind of chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla, feature of being used for according to claim 1 exists
In: for the tillage and weeding in 1.4.4: bletilla plant is short and small, cannot keeps under control weeds, therefore it is noted that tillage and weeding, general annual 4
Secondary, for the first time after the 3-4 month emerges, for the second time when June, growth was vigorous, because weed growth is fast at this time, bletilla seedling is again short and small,
To go out weeds to the greatest extent in time, avoid farmland running to weeds；The crop that third time is made between the 8-9 month, the 4th combination harvest shallowly uproots compartment face, roots out miscellaneous
Grass, intertillage will be uprooted shallowly every time, in case hurting bud hurts root.
3. a kind of chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla, feature of being used for according to claim 1 exists
In: for the water management in 1.4.4: bletilla likes dark and damp environment, and milpa will often keep wet, meets weather arid and pours in time
Water when the 7-9 month is arid, respectively pours a water sooner or later, and bletilla is afraid of flood again, dredges ditch after rainy season or each heavy rain in time and excludes extra product
Water avoids rotten.
4. a kind of chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla, feature of being used for according to claim 1 exists
In: for the top dressing in 1.4.4: bletilla is fertilizer favorite, should be in conjunction with tillage and weeding, annual top dressing 3-4 times, for the first time in 3-4 month Qi Miao
Afterwards, 4-5 kilograms of ammonium sulfate is applied per acre, is converted decomposed light liquid dung application, is grown animated period in the 5-6 month for the second time, applied phosphorus per acre
30-40 kilograms of sour calcium, mix sufficiently macerate it is ripe after compost, spread fertilizer over the fields on the face of compartment, intertillage be mixed into soil, for the third time in the 8-9 month, per acre
It applies decomposed people and animals' liquid dung and mixes 2000-2500 kilograms of farmyard manure.
5. a kind of chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla, feature of being used for according to claim 1 exists
In: for the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in 1.4.4: the pest and disease damage of bletilla is mainly leaf spot, stem rot, rust etc., and phenylate can be selected
The sprinkling of the pesticides such as methyl cyclic-azole, fenaminosulf prevents and treats；The primary pest of bletilla be black cutworm and grub, can be selected metrifonate powder,
The pungent granule trench digging of poison spreads fertilizer over the fields or pours prevention and treatment.
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