CN107509506B - A kind of three section green high-efficient production method of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide - Google Patents

A kind of three section green high-efficient production method of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide Download PDF

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CN107509506B
CN107509506B CN201710742227.7A CN201710742227A CN107509506B CN 107509506 B CN107509506 B CN 107509506B CN 201710742227 A CN201710742227 A CN 201710742227A CN 107509506 B CN107509506 B CN 107509506B
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water
soil
fertilizer
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jointing stage
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CN107509506A (en
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党红凯
曹彩云
郑春莲
马俊永
李科江
李晓爽
李海山
李梦
王笑非
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Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of three section green high-efficient production methods of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide, this method quantifies irrigation water by surveying moisture in the soil supplementary irrigation, bottom application amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is determined by soil moisture moisture storage capacity, jointing stage surveys base portion stalk NO3-N content and Soil Moisture Monitoring to determine jointing stage water and fertilizer management, and quantify middle and later periods nitrogen dressing amount, implement fungicide in disease pest and weed management and insecticide dresses seed quantify dosage twice, to realize effective management of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide, implementation of the invention reduces under the conditions of bi-annual planting Production of Winter Wheat to the excessive exploitation of underground water, the use of fertilizer and medicine is also reduced simultaneously, be conducive to green safe efficient sustainable production, and the technical solution is not only without increasing additional investment, reduce the cost of investment instead, what is promoted and applied has a extensive future.

Description

A kind of three section green high-efficient production method of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide
Technical field
The invention belongs to winter wheat planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of three section green high-efficient of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide production Method.
Background technique
Before winter wheat plantation and growth period is required to the supply of suitable quantity of water, and the deficiency of soil fertility can be by applying Fertilizer is supplemented, in growth period, in order to avoid disease pest and weed, it is also necessary to carry out the application of medicine being managed, it is existing In wheat planting production technology, the method that water supply is carried out by measurement soil water requirement, when also having by measuring different Fertilizer content and fertilizer element needed for corresponding period carry out the control of dose in phase soil, but in the prior art, especially It is to be unfavorable in the region of the underground water critical shortage such as North China Plain area using the irrigation method and fertilizing method of the prior art It is water-saving, and the application of fertilizer can not be fully absorbed by wheat, and therefore, it is necessary to for water, fertilizer, medicine three during wheat planting Element combines to carry out green high-efficient production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes disadvantages of the existing technology, provide a kind of three section green high-efficient of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide production Method reduces Wheat Production under the conditions of bi-annual planting to the excessive exploitation of underground water, simultaneously by the implementation of the production method The use of fertilizer and medicine is decreased, is conducive to green safe efficient sustainable production, the production method is compared to existing plantation Production method significantly reduces input cost.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of three section green high-efficient production method of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide, the production method successively include that site preparation, winter wheat are broadcast It is suppressed after planting, broadcasting and irrigation water, fertilizer and disease pest and weed management, key point is, the water use management is the jointing stage It pours water primary, the determination of irrigation period is calculated by following formula:
Formula 1. in, △ W be measure date to jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of soil phase water consumption, i is soil layer Number, n are total soil layer number, γiFor i-th layer of soil dry bulk density, Hi- the i-th layer of thickness of soil, θi1And θi2Respectively i-th layer of soil Measurement the date and jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of water content and with account for dry ground weight percentage calculate；
Then, soil phase water consumption is brought into following formula:
△ Etc=△ W+P is 2.
Formula 2. in, △ Etc be measure date to jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of stage evapotranspiration, P be measurement day Stage precipitation in the case of phase to jointing stage severe water shortage, △ Etc, P are looked by the average value table of long-term actual numerical value It askes and obtains；When tabling look-up, date when meeting formula 2. is the jointing stage once to irrigate the date；
The determination of irrigation quantity is calculated according to following formula:
Formula 3. in, △ W1For the soil phase water consumption in the case of irrigation date jointing stage to blooming stage moderate water shortage, θi3It is the soil moisture content of irrigation date jointing stage, θi4Soil moisture content when being blooming stage moderate water shortage；
I=△ Etc1-△W1-P1 ④
Formula 4. in, I is irrigation quantity, P1Precipitation of the date to blooming stage, △ Etc are irrigated for the jointing stage1For jointing stage filling Irrigate the stage evapotranspiration on date to blooming stage；
3. △ W that formula is calculated1Value bring into formula 4. in, the I value being calculated is once to pour water the jointing stage Irrigation quantity；
The fertilizer management includes base fertilizer management and top dressing management, and the amount of nitrogen of base fertilizer is soil in sowing time to jointing Phase once pour water during needed for nitrogen quantity, amount of nitrogen is calculated by the following formula:
G=VN×t ⑤
Formula 5. in, G be base fertilizer dosage, VNFor the Average absorption rate of plant pair nitrogen, t is that sowing is once filled to the jointing stage The number of days of water spacer；
Top dressing management includes the determination of dressing time and topdressing amount, and dressing time is the time once poured water the jointing stage, is chased after Fertilizer amount is calculate by the following formula:
GIt chases after=VLater perioddLater period ⑥
Formula 6. in, GIt chases afterFor topdressing amount, VLater periodFor the Average absorption rate of plant pair nitrogen after top dressing, dLater periodTo chase after nitrogen to maturation Period every number of days.
It include application management in the described disease pest and weed management, be administered agent is fungicide and the secondary seed dressing of insecticide, first Mix insecticide, bored kind dry after mix fungicide again, and first mix emulsion, it is to be absorbed dry after breading agent again, when pulvis is dressed seed into Row dry mixing determines the amount of application of medicament according to soil moisture moisture storage capacity:
When wheat fertilizer spraying, 0-20cm soil relative water content is 70%-85%, sets the value as x%, then seed medicine Slurry is than being 100:[1.5+0.5 × (x%-70%) × 100 ÷ 15]；
When 0-20cm soil relative water content≤70%, then seed medicine slurry ratio is 100:1.5；
When 0-20cm soil relative water content >=85%, then seed medicine slurry ratio is 100:2.
The winter wheat sowing is fertilizer spraying, 0-60cm soil relative water content >=70%, at this time soil storage For Wa, jointing stage soil relative water content is the critical value Wb to pour water when being 55%, is sowed to the soil live storage of jointing stage Amount is that soil phase water consumption is △ W=Wa-Wb, by △ W bring into formula 2. in, table look-up and calculate that obtained date is the jointing stage Irrigation date.
In the top dressing management, plant base portion stem is taken in the jointing stage, NO in juice is measured after juicing3 -Content, surveying The intermediate date determined between date of the content lower than 2000ppm and irrigation date jointing stage being calculated carries out jointing stage filling Water, and top dressing is carried out with pouring water.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention quantifies irrigation quantity by surveying moisture in the soil supplementary irrigation, bottom is determined by soil moisture moisture storage capacity Nitrogen fertilizer application amount, jointing stage survey base portion stalk NO3 -Content and Soil Moisture Monitoring determine jointing stage water and fertilizer management, and the quantization middle and later periods chases after nitrogen Fertilizer amount；Quantify dosage by implementing 2 seed dressings of fungicide and insecticide, to realize three section green high-efficient of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide Production.This method facilitates grasp and application of the peasant to green high-efficient production technology, and the present invention is to rational wheat cultivation skill Art stablizes wheat planting area, regional agriculture continuous developing is promoted to have important theory significance and application prospect.The present invention Implementation reduce Wheat Production under the conditions of bi-annual planting to the excessive exploitation of underground water, while also reducing the use of fertilizer and medicine, Be conducive to green safe efficient sustainable production.The technology does not increase additional investment not only, reduce instead investment at This, Technique Popularizing has a extensive future.
Specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of three section green high-efficient production methods of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide, which successively includes whole Ground, winter wheat sowing, broadcast after suppress and irrigation water, fertilizer and disease pest and weed management, the water use management be the jointing stage It pours water primary, needs to carry out the Accurate Estimation of irrigation period and irrigation quantity, the fertilizer management includes base fertilizer management and top dressing hole Reason, base fertilizer management include the determination of bottom application amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, and top dressing management includes accurately calculating for dressing time and topdressing amount, the disease Cordyceps sinensis evil management includes 2 seed dressings application of fungicide and insecticide, by water, fertilizer involved in the present invention, three kinds of medicine pipes Reason method can be on the basis of guaranteeing yield, and reducing water, fertilizer, the application of medicine and amount of application can be utilized completely, skill The detail of art scheme is illustrated by specific embodiment.
Specific embodiment, by taking Hengshui Prefecture as an example, whether measurement soil moisture water content first is fertilizer spraying, and fertilizer spraying is true Quasi- calibration is that 0-60cm soil relative water content is not less than 70%, i.e. absolute water content >=26.04%, 2015 is on October 10, small Wheat sowing, the soil moisture water content of 0-60cm seeder are 27.86%, are belonged within the scope of fertilizer spraying, without carrying out pre-sowing water Supplementary irrigation.
The water use management is to pour water once the jointing stage, and the determination of irrigation period is calculated by following formula:
Formula 1. in, △ W be measure date to jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of soil phase water consumption, i is soil layer Number, n are total soil layer number, γiFor i-th layer of soil dry bulk density, Hi- the i-th layer of thickness of soil, θi1And θi2Respectively i-th layer of soil Measurement the date and jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of water content and with account for dry ground weight percentage calculate, 10 for unit convert Coefficient；
Jointing stage, which pours water, to be carried out in situation in 0-60cm soil severe water shortage, and corresponding relative moisture content is 55%, i.e. absolute drift >=19.48%；
To initial stage jointing stage after wheat cultivation, root system is mainly active in 0-100cm soil, in the case of fertilizer spraying, is broadcast Kind phase 0-100cm soil moisture content is calculated with 27.86%, and jointing stage 0-100cm soil moisture content is calculated with 19.48%, soil Bulk density is with 1.4g/cm3It calculates, sowing time soil water content Wa=27.86% × 1.4g/cm3×100cm÷1g/cm3× 10mm/cm, jointing stage initial soil moisture content Wb=19.48% × 1.4g/cm3×100cm÷1g/cm3× 10mm/cm, then △ W=Wa-Wb=117mm；
Then, △ W=117mm is brought into following formula:
△ Etc=△ W+P is 2.
Formula 2. in, △ Etc be sowing time to jointing stage initial stage evapotranspiration, P be sowing time to jointing stage initial stage rank Section precipitation can be inquired by table 1 and table 3, calculate different phase evapotranspiration progression accumulation day by day and rainfall progression Accumulation, △ Etc, P are inquired by table 1 and table 3, are calculated available, the as irrigation date on date when meeting formula 2.；
The average daily evapotranspiration of table 1- wheat growth stage and evapotranspiration stage accumulation
The average daily rainfall of table 2-
Table 3- rainfall stage accumulation and progression accumulation
Due to being definite value, according to evapotranspiration progression accumulation and drop from the △ W=117mm being seeded into during needing to pour water Rainfall progression accumulation calculates the date searched and meet formula △ Etc=117+P establishment, which is once to fill the jointing stage On the date of water, when specific operation, first determination meets the stage accumulation that formula is set up substantially, and further according to average daily amount, fine tuning is calculated Accurate date out, there are two require in calculating process: 1) the average daily evapotranspiration of different bearing stage and average daily rainfall are different, in advance Observation number is greater than previous growing stage, and stage accumulation puts off next growing stage, and calculates day by day, and determination meets formula The time of establishment；2) error between the value and rainfall+soil water of total evapotranspiration is less than the stage and daily evapotranspires magnitude.
It is obtained according to table 1, table 2 and table 3 such as following table a
In table a, the stage evapotranspiration in sowing time to jointing stage is 143.85mm, and stage rainfall is 37.38mm, jointing stage To boot stage average daily evapotranspiration be 2.18mm, average daily rainfall be 0.92, the soil water be definite value 117mm, when enter the jointing stage Number of days be 8 days when, total evapotranspiration be 161.29mm, total rainfall+soil water be 161.74mm, the two difference be 0.45mm, Less than average daily evapotranspiration, therefore, under normal year, when fertilizer spraying, moisture can be maintained to the April 1 of next year 8th day, as April 8, irrigating the date should be 8 day in April, and range is before and after April 10.
In practical operation, needs to carry out multiple Soil Moisture Monitoring between initial stage sowing time to jointing stage, determine whether It needs to irrigate or specific irrigation period (enters and gets over every 20d after wheat cultivation using native seasoning measurement soil moisture content is bored Teletostage stops monitoring after wheatland is freeze-up), second year is primary every 10d monitoring after turning green, pour water or rainfall after plus survey, same filling It irrigates furrow block and drills through 0-100cm soil layer soil sample, whether every 10cm, which is one layer, carries out taking native measurement, judge soil moisture in optimum range Interior, the determination of irrigation period is calculated by following formula:
Formula 1. in, △ W be measure date to jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of soil phase water consumption, i is soil layer Number, n are total soil layer number, γiFor i-th layer of soil dry bulk density, Hi- the i-th layer of thickness of soil, θi1And θi2Respectively i-th layer of soil Measurement the date and jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of water content and with account for dry ground weight percentage calculate, 10 for unit convert Coefficient, soil degree of water shortage is divided to be obtained by table 5；
Table 5- winter wheat soil moisture content index
The measurement for carrying out soil phase water consumption on March 10,20 and 30 days respectively is chosen, △ W is respectively obtained10= 63.78mm △ W20=44.35mm, △ W30=16.67mm carries out the irrigation date to meet formula △ Etc=△ W+P respectively Determination:
Table b
Measurement soil storage on March 10 is 63.78mm, and 22 daily evapotranspiration in March 10 to April is 73.71mm, precipitation For 28.28mm, 73.71 < 28.28+63.78, i.e., cannot expire by the end of April 22 (jointing-booting is 1-April of April 22) 2. sufficient formula is set up；
It was calculated day by day since April 23 (i.e. next growing stage, booting-blooming stage 23-May of April 3), t It is irrigated, and equation 73.71+2.87 × t=28.28+0.93 × t+63.78 is established, and solves equation to obtain t ≈ 9, i.e., May 1 Irrigate than convenient；
Table c
Measurement soil storage on March 20 is 44.35mm, and 22 daily evapotranspiration in March 20 to April is 60.41mm, precipitation It is not able to satisfy formula and 2. sets up that is, by the end of April 22 for 24.01mm, 60.41 < 24.01+44.35；
It was calculated day by day since April 23, is irrigated for t days, establishes equation 44.35+2.18 × t=24.01+0.93 × t+44.35 solves equation to obtain t ≈ 6, i.e., irrigate than convenient April 28；
Table d
Measurement soil storage on March 30 is 16.67mm, and 1 daily evapotranspiration in March 30 to April is 1.33mm, and precipitation is 0.43mm, since April 1 calculate, is irrigated for t days, establishes equation 1.33+2.18 × t=0.43+0.92 × t+ 16.67, t ≈ 13 is solved equation to obtain, i.e., carried out April 13 irrigating than convenient；
Consolidated statement b, table c and table d's as a result, predicted time is longer, variable factor is more, and the irrigation date of reckoning gets over Closely, more accurate, therefore, predict to irrigate the date as final using last time, i.e., April 13, the implementation jointing stage once poured water.
Irrigation quantity is calculated according to following formula:
Formula 3. in, △ W1For the soil phase water consumption in the case of irrigation date jointing stage to blooming stage moderate water shortage, θi3It is the soil moisture content of irrigation date jointing stage, θi4Soil moisture content when being blooming stage moderate water shortage；
I=△ Etc1-△W1-P1 ④
Formula 4. in, I is irrigation quantity, P1Precipitation of the date to blooming stage, △ Etc are irrigated for the jointing stage1For jointing stage filling Irrigate the stage evapotranspiration on date to blooming stage；By formula 3. in calculated value substitute into formula 4. in, can finally obtain the jointing stage It is primary to irrigate required irrigation quantity；
Since wheat during jointing stage to blooming stage stage is the moisture-sensitive phase, the stage, there can be no severe water shortages Situation, irrigation quantity should meet blooming stage soil moisture in moderate water shortage lower limit, it should and >=60%, so the 0-80cm soil body >= 60% soil moisture content is effective water content, is irrigated April 13, with May 5 for flowering day, in conjunction with table 1,2,3, and is led to It crosses and soil is taken to survey 3. practical moisture storage capacity that moisture in the soil and formula obtain the soil body on April 13, i.e., effective water content, calculating process is as follows:
Take soil survey moisture in the soil obtain depth of soil 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-40cm, 40-50cm, 50-60cm, The water content of the practical moisture storage capacity of the soil of 60-70cm, 70-80cm, above-mentioned eight depth of soil measured April 13 is respectively 15.8%, 16.9%, 18.7%, 19.4%, 18.9%, 20.9%, 20.1%, 22.3%, the soil weight is respectively 1.48, 1.55,1.69,1.57,1.66,1.6,1.52,1.47, unit g/cm3, then according to moisture storage capacity calculation formula: water content × The soil weight × 10cm ÷ 1g/cm3× 10mm/cm, obtain each soil layer moisture storage capacity be respectively 23.33mm, 26.17mm, 31.54mm, 30.39mm, 31.35mm, 33,51mm, 30.50mm and 32.74mm obtain the reality of 0-80cm soil after cumulative Moisture storage capacity is 239.53mm；Blooming stage water storage lower limit is moderate water shortage lower limit, i.e., soil relative water content on May 5 is 60%, often The absolute water content of one soil layer is respectively 22.2%, 22.2%, 20.88%, 20.88%, 20.88%, 20.88%, 20.58%, 20.58%, according to moisture storage capacity calculation formula: the water content × soil weight × 10cm ÷ 1g/cm3× 10mm/cm, obtains Moisture storage capacity to each soil layer be respectively 32.86mm, 34.41mm, 35.29mm, 32.78mm, 34.66mm, 33.41mm, 31.28mm, 30.25mm, 0-80cm soil storage predicted value is 264.94mm on the day of May 5 is obtained after cumulative, then April 13 Day to day this stage 0-80cm soil in May effective water content, i.e., practical moisture storage capacity is △ W1=239.53mm-264.94mm =-25.41mm；
In conjunction with tabling look-up, obtains April 13 to the precipitation on May 5 and add up as P1=21.27mm；
In conjunction with tabling look-up, the stage evapotranspiration for obtaining April 13 to May 5 is △ Etc1=2.18mm × 10+31.57mm+ 3.57mm × 2=60.51mm；
4. according to formula: I=△ Etc1-△W1-P1=60.51mm+25.41mm-21.27mm=64.65mm, final The accurate irrigation quantity once poured water to the jointing stage is 64.65mm.
The fertilizer management includes base fertilizer management and top dressing management, and the amount of nitrogen of base fertilizer is soil in sowing time to jointing Phase once pour water during needed for nitrogen quantity, amount of nitrogen is calculated by the following formula:
G=VN×t ⑤
Formula 5. in, G be base fertilizer dosage, VNFor the Average absorption rate of plant pair nitrogen, t is that sowing is once filled to the jointing stage The number of days of water spacer；
Top dressing management includes the determination of dressing time and topdressing amount, and dressing time is the time once poured water the jointing stage, is chased after Fertilizer amount is calculate by the following formula:
GIt chases after=VLater perioddLater period ⑥
Formula 6. in, GIt chases afterFor topdressing amount, VLater periodFor the Average absorption rate of plant pair nitrogen after top dressing, dLater periodTo chase after nitrogen to maturation Period every number of days；
The determination process of wheat nitrogen absorption rate prediction reference is as follows:
1) it is 600kg/ mus several that basic data, which is -2005 years 2004 and -2006 years 2005 continuous 2 annual output levels, A kind Nitrogen Absorption rate, as shown in table 4；
2) correction number is 2014-2015, under the conditions of water-saving fertilizer-saving, 470kg/ mus of wheat nitrogen absorption rates of per mu yield, Kind is weighing apparatus 4399；KcN be high-yield condition under weighing apparatus 4399 restrict water supply under the conditions of Nitrogen Absorption accumulation rate with multiple kinds continuous 2 years Nitrogen Absorption accumulation rate ratio；
3) the continuous 2 years Nitrogen Absorptions accumulation of wheat nitrogen absorption rate prediction reference=KcN × multiple kinds of each stage Speed average value, as shown in table 4.
Winter wheat surveys moisture in the soil early warning wheat plant different phase nitrogen day uptake prediction reference under the conditions of table 4- high yield (kg/ha)
A, base fertilizer management relates generally to the determination of Amount of Base Fertilizer
It according to the soil effective soil water of the 117mm of measurement, can maintain to before and after April 8, when applying base fertilizer, with water Fixed fertilizer, when fertilizer spraying, carry out the application of base fertilizer, the application of base fertilizer are carried out in Bu Shang, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer should substantially meet April 8 Wheat demand before day is calculated in conjunction with following formula by tabling look-up 4:
G=47.70+22.49+52.67+41.62 21 × 8=138.72kg/ha of ÷, " 8 " in formula are into jointing It phase the 8th day, calculates resulting Amount of Base Fertilizer and is converted into 9.25kg/ mus；
B, the determination of dressing time and topdressing amount
The reckoning process of dressing time:
Into April, NO in periodic monitoring wheat base portion stalk3 -Content, once discovery be lower than 2000ppm, as need Want top dressing, April 7 NO3 -Content is 1997ppm, is lower than 2000ppm, then the day is to need top dressing, is calculated within 30th in conjunction with March To date for once pouring water actual jointing stage be April 13, then liquid manure in order to balance, selected between 7 to 13 April Intermediate date, progress jointing stage April 10 once pours water, and carries out top dressing with irrigation water, takes liquid manure with applying；
The reckoning process of topdressing amount:
Nitrogen Top Dressing principle is, if nitrogenous fertilizer has absorbed totally in supplementary fertilizer, supplementary fertilizer amount is counted by the supplementary fertilizer time, and centre lacks That loses no longer covers, if nitrogenous fertilizer has surplus, according to nitrogen fertilizer absorption it is complete from count, according to mentioned above principle, April 10 into Row supplementary fertilizer, supplementary fertilizer amount should be April 10 to amount of nitrogenous fertilizer needed for interim in maturity period:
GIt chases after=41.62 21 × 11+8.99+5.94+11.49+28.55=76.77kg/ha of ÷, " 11 " in formula represent Jointing stage there remains 11 days, calculates resulting topdressing amount and is converted into 5.11kg/ mus.
It include application management in the described disease pest and weed management, be administered agent is fungicide and the secondary seed dressing of insecticide, first Mix insecticide, bored kind dry after mix fungicide again, and first mix emulsion, it is to be absorbed dry after breading agent again, when pulvis is dressed seed into Row dry mixing, determines the amount of application of medicament according to soil moisture moisture storage capacity, and dose is big when good conditions for soil moisture, and wheat robust seedling, group recruits pest and disease damage Coefficient is big, and dose, which moderately increases, to be tuned up, conversely, smaller, concrete operations are as follows:
When wheat fertilizer spraying, 0-20cm soil relative water content is 70%-85%, sets the value as x%, then seed medicine Slurry is than being 100:[1.5+0.5 × (x%-70%) × 100 ÷ 15]；
When 0-20cm soil relative water content≤70%, then seed medicine slurry ratio is 100:1.5；
When 0-20cm soil relative water content >=85%, then seed medicine slurry ratio is 100:2.
Insecticide use imidacloprid, imidacloprid is nicotinoids ultra high efficiency insecticide, have wide spectrum, efficiently, low toxicity, it is low residual Stay, pests are not easy to produce resistance, the features such as to people, animal, plant and natural enemies security, and by tagging, the multiple work such as stomach toxicity and interior suction With after contacting pests medicament, nervous centralis normal conduction is obstructed, and keeps its paralysis dead, and product quick-acting is good, is had within 1 day after medicine Higher preventive effect, drug effect and temperature are positively correlated, and temperature is high, good disinsection effect, are mainly used for preventing and treating sucking pest.
The normal amount of application of imidacloprid doubles, and medicine effect can effectively prevent aphid, wheat seed is to pyrrole worm in Wheat in Grain Filling Stage The accumulation of quinoline is extremely low, will not pollute to wheat seed, after imidacloprid residual life in the soil body is up to 25 days or so, 25 days Natural decomposition will not pollute the soil body.
Concrete operations index when imidacloprid is applied is as follows: 1) 100 kilograms of wheat seeds, 70% imidacloprid seed coat agent 500g；2) seed medicine slurry ratio is 100:(1.5-2.0)；3) entire breeding time prevents eliminating aphis without spray, imitates to the prevention and control of aphid Fruit reaches 95% or more；4) disease pests such as wireworm, grub, suction pulp worm are controlled to have no significant hazard；5) imidacloprid is residual in Wheat Species grain It stays lower than national standard；6) saving spray expense of labour can achieve 10 yuan/mu；7) imidacloprid seed pelleting demonstration area is than conventional kind Clothing agent compares 10% or more producing region volume increase.
Using imidacloprid seed coat agent with and usage thereof mainly have following advantage: 1) it is low to animal toxicity；2) do not have to artificially go The spray progress middle and later periods prevents eliminating aphis, saving of labor；3) aphid damage, upper worm speed are exceedingly fast, by improving wheat itself to aphid Resistivity reduces the artificial risk for finding aphid evening and causing production loss；4) increase yield, it, can be with by technology of dressing seed It is disposable to solve Wheat Seedling pest and disease damage, mitigate middle and later periods pest and disease damage, is provided safeguard for stable high yield.
Irrigation date that the present invention was once poured water by the jointing stage and duty accurately calculate, so that irrigation water obtains It most adequately utilizes, this irrigation method realizes the accurate control for pouring a water in the spring, regular irrigation compared with the prior art A water irrigation method is poured with the uncertain spring, the amount of labour of peasant is not only greatly saved, it is thus also avoided that the wave of groundwater resources Take, while being irrigated in jointing stage severe water shortage, wheat can be promoted to be taken root deeply to 1m hereinafter, and after having arrived fertility Phase, although can have certain damage caused by a drought, deep layer root system can fully absorb the moisture and nutrient of 1m or less the soil body at this time, maintain Wheat later period moisture supply, wheat growth is all right, wheat can be promoted early to receive, and avoid summer hot dry wind, while can also Soil air resistance is vacateed for rainy season set, conducive to the raising of anniversary water use efficiency, optimum period, which is early received, to be striven for more for corn of lower season More sunlight-heat reaources provide mature theoretical foundation and implementation process to obtain annual high-yield flat；Meanwhile passing through soil moisture moisture storage capacity Determine bottom application amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, the jointing stage surveys base portion stalk NO3 -Content and Soil Moisture Monitoring determine jointing stage water and fertilizer management, in quantization after Phase nitrogen dressing amount and the nitrogen time is chased after to adjust in conjunction with irrigation period of jointing stage, realizes that liquid manure with applying, reduces plantation technique Process；Quantify dosage by implementing 2 seed dressings of fungicide and insecticide, to realize three section green high-efficient of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide Production, the yield that application of the invention can effectively reduce underground water subtract and at the same time reducing the amount of application of fertilizer and medicament Soil protection quality is played the role of in the long-term influence of small fertilizer and medicament on soil quality, excellent in terms of three of water-fertilizer-pesticide Change the demand that design meets the growth period of wheat, the growth of winter wheat can be promoted to greatest extent, improve the anniversary per mu yield in soil Amount realizes the maximum cost performance of winter wheat plantation.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of three section green high-efficient production method of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide, the production method successively include site preparation, winter wheat sowing, Suppression and irrigation water, fertilizer and disease pest and weed management after broadcasting, which is characterized in that the water use management is jointing stage filling Water is primary, and the determination of irrigation period is calculated by following formula:
Formula 1. in, △ W be measure date to jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of soil phase water consumption, i be soil layer number, N is total soil layer number, γiFor i-th layer of soil dry bulk density, Hi- the i-th layer of thickness of soil, θi1And θi2Respectively i-th layer of soil surveying It water content in the case of date and jointing stage severe water shortage and is calculated with accounting for the percentage of dry ground weight；
Then, soil phase water consumption is brought into following formula:
△ Etc=△ W+P is 2.
Formula 2. in, △ Etc be measure date to jointing stage severe water shortage in the case of stage evapotranspiration, P be measurement the date extremely Stage precipitation in the case of jointing stage severe water shortage, △ Etc, P are obtained by the average value table lookup of long-term actual numerical value ；When tabling look-up, date when meeting formula 2. is the jointing stage once to irrigate the date；
The determination of irrigation quantity is calculated according to following formula:
Formula 3. in, △ W1For the soil phase water consumption in the case of irrigation date jointing stage to blooming stage moderate water shortage, θi3It is The soil moisture content of irrigation date jointing stage, θi4Soil moisture content when being blooming stage moderate water shortage；
I=△ Etc1-△W1-P1 ④
Formula 4. in, I is irrigation quantity, P1Precipitation of the date to blooming stage, △ Etc are irrigated for the jointing stage1Day is irrigated for the jointing stage Phase to blooming stage stage evapotranspiration；
3. △ W that formula is calculated1Value bring into formula 4. in, the I value being calculated is pouring water of once pouring water the jointing stage Amount；
The fertilizer management includes base fertilizer management and top dressing management, and the amount of nitrogen of base fertilizer is soil in sowing time to the jointing stage one Nitrogen quantity needed for secondary period of pouring water, amount of nitrogen are calculated by the following formula:
G=VN×t ⑤
Formula 5. in, G be base fertilizer dosage, VNFor the Average absorption rate of plant pair nitrogen, t is between sowing is once poured water to the jointing stage Every number of days；
Top dressing management includes the determination of dressing time and topdressing amount, and dressing time is the time once poured water the jointing stage, topdressing amount It is calculate by the following formula:
GIt chases after=VLater perioddLater period ⑥
Formula 6. in, GIt chases afterFor topdressing amount, VLater periodFor the Average absorption rate of plant pair nitrogen after top dressing, dLater periodTo chase after nitrogen to during maturation Every number of days.
2. three section green high-efficient production method of a kind of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Disease pest and weed management in include application management, be administered agent is fungicide and the secondary seed dressing of insecticide, first mix insecticide, bored kind Fungicide is mixed after drying again, and first mixes emulsion, it is to be absorbed dry after breading agent again, pulvis dress seed when carry out dry mixing, the bottom of according to Moisture in the soil moisture storage capacity determines the amount of application of medicament:
When wheat fertilizer spraying, 0-20cm soil relative water content is 70%-85%, sets the value as x%, then seed and medicine slurry Mass ratio be 100:[1.5+0.5 × (x%-70%) × 100 ÷ 15]；
When 0-20cm soil relative water content≤70%, then the mass ratio of seed and medicine slurry is 100:1.5；
When 0-20cm soil relative water content >=85%, then the mass ratio of seed and medicine slurry is 100:2.
3. three section green high-efficient production method of a kind of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Winter wheat sowing be fertilizer spraying, 0-60cm soil relative water content >=70%, at this time soil storage be Wa, the jointing stage soil Earth relative water content is the critical value Wb to pour water when being 55%, is sowed to the soil effective soil water of jointing stage, that is, soil phase consumption Water is △ W=Wa-Wb, by △ W bring into formula 2. in, table look-up and calculate that obtained date is irrigation date jointing stage.
4. three section green high-efficient production method of a kind of winter wheat water-fertilizer-pesticide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Top dressing management in, take plant base portion stem in the jointing stage, after juicing measure juice in NO3 -Content, measurement content be lower than Intermediate date between the date of 2000ppm and irrigation date jointing stage being calculated carries out the jointing stage and pours water, and with pouring water Carry out top dressing.
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CN103518527A (en) * 2013-10-29 2014-01-22 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 Water-saving fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize
CN106489508A (en) * 2016-11-16 2017-03-15 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method
CN106779479A (en) * 2017-01-12 2017-05-31 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of rice terrace irrigates the acquisition methods and device of demand information

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103518527A (en) * 2013-10-29 2014-01-22 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 Water-saving fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize
CN106489508A (en) * 2016-11-16 2017-03-15 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method
CN106779479A (en) * 2017-01-12 2017-05-31 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of rice terrace irrigates the acquisition methods and device of demand information

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