CN107135726A - A kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water - Google Patents
A kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107135726A CN107135726A CN201710405308.8A CN201710405308A CN107135726A CN 107135726 A CN107135726 A CN 107135726A CN 201710405308 A CN201710405308 A CN 201710405308A CN 107135726 A CN107135726 A CN 107135726A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- fertilizer
- wheat
- irrigation
- mus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water, carried out in winter wheat in the jointing stage of turning green, including step is as follows：(1) nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied into wheatland；(2) poured water after applying fertilizer using simple micro-spray device, (3) irrigated when watering since the distalmost end of wheat field, when the moisture that fine-spraying belt sprays retains 35 minutes in earth's surface, remove a water saving band, other regions are irrigated, irrigate and carried out successively, until the edge of a field other end；Every mu of irrigation quantity is in 35 40m3.The winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of the present invention is poured water is poured water using simple micro-spray device, and cost is low, simple installation, field is easily operated, it can use for many years, in the absence of aging and the risk lost, water rate control observation is convenient, it is easy to be received by peasant in production, fertilising coordinates irrigation method, both saves water consumption, and npk nutrient input is saved again, the yield of wheat is ensure that simultaneously, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water, belong to technical field of crop cultivation.
Background technology
Wheat is one of main cereal crops of China, and it is planted throughout the whole nation.Wheat mainly has winter wheat and spring wheat,
Wherein winter wheat accounts for more than the 90% of the total cultivated area of China's wheat, and its area and total output are all in main status.Winter wheat
Breeding time is longer, and the time of 230-240 days is needed from sowing to harvest, and within so long breeding time, wheat growth is special by kind
Property, weather conditions, soil regime, fertilizer type and consumption, irrigation method method and disease pest and weed influence significantly, its reclaimed water and
Fertilizer is to influence the principal element that winter wheat yields are stable or improve in recent years.
50% or so of the Winter Wheat Area of the band of the Yellow River and Huai He River one in North China, long-term sown area and total yield Jun Zhan China wheat, the ground
The performance of area's influence wheat yield potentiality substantially, is mainly manifested in three phases, one is the wheat in autumn by inside even from weather
The insemination and emergence phase, this needs suitable soil moisture content, so just can guarantee that wheat one broadcasts full stand and safe overwintering；Two were turned green in spring
To the jointing stage, this is the critical period of spring irrigation, the liquid manure supply that have abundance；Three be that in the watery stage, the appearance of hot dry wind can be tight
The grouting that ghost image rings seed is ripe.It may be said that these three periods are all relevant with moisture condition or humidity, wherein spring drought is that North China is yellow
Huaihe River one is with typical climatic characteristic, and " hitting by drought 9 years out of 10 " describes that March or April is not more, if winter is without sufficient
Snowfall come ensure soil moisture content and wheat turn green jointing when water demand, and lacked by spring rainwater and limited, spring fills
It is essential management means to irrigate, and topdressing and irrigating for this stage is inseparable, during this is Production of Winter Wheat
A most important water and fertilizer management measure in addition to being applied in autumn sowing base fertilizer, water and fertilizer management now is improper can be largely
Wheat yield is influenceed, influence degree is in 20%-50%.In this context, need to explore suitable spring in Production of Winter Wheat
The liquid manure application technique of management.
Spring water and fertilizer management is more to use to spread fertilizer over the fields urea combination broad irrigation (border irrigation) in current Production of Winter Wheat
Mode, is a kind of mode of operation for comparing and saving trouble for peasant, and this is caused by being lacked by spring rural laborer.But, adopt
It is with the drawbacks of spreading fertilizer over the fields urea combination broad irrigation mode：One is waste water resource, and spring drought is a universal phenomenon, rare
Rainfall and groundwater level is very low, many places are all to wait underground water to be available to pour again, water resource supply wretched insufficiency；Two are
The mode of flood irrigation mismatched for some field out-of-flatnesses, water source position and physical features cause to pour water it is uneven, pour water not in place；Three are
The mode irrigated after element of first pissing so that urea dissolving conversion is fast, with water to deep subsoil be lost to Root Absorption scope it
Outside, cause nitrogen nutrient loss big, utilization rate is low, while having an effect on the water quality of deep phreatic water.In general, peasant adopts in production
This irrigation method is to ensure wheat growth to sacrifice the cost of water resource and environment, and it is also nothing to exchange benefit for resource
Act how.
Chinese patent literature 201310533982.6 discloses a kind of first fill and applies winter wheat topdressing method afterwards, and this method is in behaviour
It is easy to implement in work, but field ridge building is easily collapsed when pouring water, the water surface retains height and produced for the uncertain, different of water
The technical requirements under Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity and different soil conditions under amount level have the place for being worth discussion.
With the research and penetration and promotion of science and technology, water-fertilizer integral application is more and more extensive, and this, which will be one, to apply fertilizer
With irrigate the technology that combines and carry out, be the quick-acting chemical fertilizer of solid are soluble in water and with the fertilization mode of water band fertilizer, by it is original only
Promoted on southern tropical fruit tree using northwardly fruit tree, potato, facilities vegetable, the core of the technology is by instant fertilizer
Material is mixed in fertilizer applicator with water-solubleization, and rich water, which is pipelined to, to be laid in the fine-spraying belt with holes of field, then by micro- spray
Rich water is sprayed to crop in the hole taken.This technology can economize on water, save fertilizer, improve liquid manure efficiency, be China's Agricultural Transformation, save money
Source and the energy, the important technique measure of sustainable development.Winter wheat of the technology in Hebei Deng Yuyang regions also begins to promote and answered
With, although it is with the obvious advantage on wheat crop, but there is also it is certain the drawbacks of, it is necessary to lay pipeline carry out water spray fertilising, equipment
Input is big, and expensive equipment investment is compared to much people is not to be easily accepted by for the output income of grain.In addition, currently staying in agriculture
Or the labour in village is old man more than five threescores, or being exactly women, technical merit and ability are all on the lower side, nutrient density
Suitably whether, line clogging, irrigation quantity restriction etc. are all the sport technique segments for needing to face, and are located in rural area, pipeline, fertilizer spreading tank
Security etc. equipment is also a problem, therefore the implementation of water-fertilizer integral application is also limited with promoting by many factors
's.
Current Spring on Winter Wheat, which is irrigated, has a series of problems：Or practicality but not water-saving fertilizer-saving, technical method are first
Enter but it is not easy to operate be difficult to be widely applied, for solving China winter wheat producing region spring drought, shortage of water resources and utilization rate of fertilizer
All many-sides such as not high, serious waste of resources are unfavorable.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water.
Term explanation：
One class wheatland：Colony's stem tiller number is general in 60~800,000/mu after wheatland is turned green, and belongs to strong sprout wheatland more；
Two class wheatlands：Colony's stem tiller number is general in 45~600,000/mu, the mistake belonged between weak seedling and strong sprout after wheatland is turned green
Cross type；
Three class wheatlands：Colony's stem tiller number is generally less than 450,000/mu after wheatland is turned green, and belongs to late more and broadcasts weak seedling.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water ,-jointing stage progress of turning green, including step are in winter wheat
It is as follows：
(1) nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied into wheatland ditching-fertilizing or by way of spreading fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface；
(2) poured water after applying fertilizer using simple micro-spray device, simple micro-spray device is layed in wheat ditch, simple micro- spray
Device extends to the other end by wheat cultivation direction from wheat field one end, and described simple micro-spray device includes the more piece being sequentially connected
Water band, 6-8 meters of band of often economizing on water, the outlet of cephalomere water band connection water source, periproct water band connection fine-spraying belt, the end of fine-spraying belt is closure
Micro-spraying hole is provided with end, fine-spraying belt, the length of fine-spraying belt is 5-6 meters；
(3) irrigated when watering since the distalmost end of wheat field, when the moisture that fine-spraying belt sprays can retain 3-5 points in earth's surface
Zhong Shi, removes a water saving band, and fine-spraying belt is retreated to the region for removing and having poured, and many water saving bands of connection cover to fine-spraying belt sprinkling
Irrigated in the range of lid, irrigated and carried out successively, until the edge of a field other end；
The irrigation of (4) second furrow is irrigated successively according to the direction connection water band opposite with step (3), the filling of the 3rd furrow
Irrigate it is identical with the mode of step (3), the like, the irrigations of adjacent two furrow is in opposite direction, and two every mu of irrigation quantities are in 35-40m3。
According to currently preferred, in step (1), nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer input consumption are：
Long-term per mu yield is under 600-700kg levels, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 10-14kg/ mus, accounts for wheat whole in terms of purity nitrogen
The 60%-70% of breeding time nitrogen otal investment, potash fertilizer input amount, at 3-4kg/ mus, is that whole breeding time potassium is thrown in terms of pure potassium
Enter the 40%-50% of total amount；
Long-term per mu yield is under 500-600kg levels, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 7-10kg/ mus, is that wheat is whole in terms of purity nitrogen
The 50%-60% of breeding time nitrogen otal investment, potash fertilizer input amount, at 2-3kg/ mus, is that whole breeding time potassium is thrown in terms of pure potassium
Enter the 30%-40% of total amount；
Long-term per mu yield is under 400-500kg levels, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 5-7kg/ mus, is that wheat is entirely given birth in terms of purity nitrogen
The 40%-50% of phase nitrogen otal investment is educated, potash fertilizer input amount, at 1-2kg/ mus, is whole breeding time potassium input in terms of pure potassium
The 20%-30% of total amount；
Long-term per mu yield only applies nitrogenous fertilizer in below 400kg levels when pouring water；Nitrogenous fertilizer input amount is in terms of purity nitrogen in 3-5kg/
Mu, is the 30%-40% of the whole breeding time nitrogen otal investment of wheat.
According to currently preferred, long-term per mu yield is in 400kg level above, wheat remaining nitrogen of whole breeding time
Fertilizer, potash fertilizer are disposably applied before winter wheat sowing as base fertilizer, while applying phosphate fertilizer, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 6-12kg/ mus,
Rotary tillage is carried out after fertilising or arrangement soil is turned over, then is sowed.
According to currently preferred, long-term per mu yield is in 400kg with lower horizontal, wheat remaining nitrogenous fertilizer of whole breeding time
Disposably applied as base fertilizer before winter wheat sowing, while applying phosphorus, potash fertilizer, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 5-6kg/ mus, potash fertilizer
Sowing amount be 3-5kg/ mu, progress or turns over arrangement soil at rotary tillage after fertilising, then is sowed.
According to currently preferred, a class wheatland liquid manure Dressing date exists in jointing stage, two class wheatland liquid manure Dressing dates
Stand up the phase, three class wheatland liquid manure Dressing dates are in period of seedling establishment.
According to currently preferred, nitrogenous fertilizer is urea；Phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate；Potash fertilizer be potassium chloride or
Potassium sulfate, preferably potassium chloride.Currently preferred, base fertilizer also can select the composite fertilizer necessarily matched.
According to currently preferred, ditching-fertilizing is to be applied by mechanically or manually ditching in wheatland, and every two rows wheat is opened
Dressing furrow a line, ditching depth is 5-10cm.
According to currently preferred, by orifice between two adjacent sections water band, when pouring water, in regulation main pipeline water band
The pressure of water is 0.25-0.5MPa, and the height for making fine-spraying belt spray water is 1-1.5 meters, and sprinkling covering transverse width is (2-2.5) * 2
Rice, micro-spraying hole size 0.6-1mm, spray orifice spacing 300-350mm.Fine-spraying belt and source pressure make the furrow that water spray covers 4-5 meters
It is wide.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1st, winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of the invention is poured water is poured water using simple micro-spray device, and cost is low, installs
Simplicity, field is easily operated, different from conventional water-fertilizer integral device, with spray with receipts, can use for many years, in the absence of aging and
The risk of loss, water rate control observation is convenient, is easy to be received by peasant in production.
2nd, winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of the invention, the throwing of npk nutrient is carried out according to different target yield level
Enter, coordinate irrigation method, both save water consumption, npk nutrient input is saved again, while ensure that the yield of wheat, improve
Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, compared to the nitrogen input that traditional fertilization can save 20%-25%.
3rd, winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of the invention, it is anti-fall in supply plant potassium nutrition, raising Spike development, later stage
There is obvious effect in terms of volt, mitigation disease, seed mass of 1000 kernel, while improving potassium utilization rate.
4th, easily operation under the conditions of the different plot of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of the invention and physical features, in the absence of pouring water
Phenomenon not in place, the uniformity that different locations are poured water can be precisely held according to the water retention time, will not produce earth's surface footpath
Stream and deep subsoil seepage, compared to conventional border irrigation water saving 25%-33%, largely improve WUEL, save light
Water resource, acts on notable under the conditions of spring drought.
5th, winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of the invention is poured water using simple micro-spray device, and moisture is deposited in earth's surface
The time is stayed to be conducive to being embedded in the nitrogenous fertilizer uniform dissolution diffusion in soil, it is to avoid broadcast application in earth's surface easily damage by caused volatilization
Lose, will not more be utilized nitrogen outside nitrogen leaching loss of nutrient to Root Absorption scope, is improved by the Root Absorption of crop.
6th, winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of the invention applies fertilizer compared to traditional water irrigation ensure that stable yields and the volume increase of wheat,
But it is notable to increase income aspect effect in abridged edition.Because its laying is convenient, according to soil moisture content and weather under not fertilizer application condition
Change also can as supplementary irrigation a kind of irrigation method.This method can make soil surface loose, without hardened and crack phenomenon.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that simple micro-spray device is layed in wheat ditch；
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment and the present invention will be further described with reference to accompanying drawing, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water, applies fertilizer and pours water and be specific as follows：
1st, irrigated after wheat jointing applies nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer, fertilising initial stage, precipitation consumption and Dressing date：
The long-term per mu yield of wheat is at 660kg/ mus or so, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 12kg/ mus, is accounted for wheat and entirely given birth in terms of purity nitrogen
The 63% of phase nitrogen otal investment is educated, potash fertilizer sowing amount is calculated as 3.6kg/ mus with pure potassium, be whole breeding time potassium otal investment
45%,
Wheat remaining nitrogenous fertilizer of whole breeding time (the 37% of whole breeding time nitrogen otal investment), potash fertilizer (whole fertility
55%) phase potassium otal investment disposably applies before winter wheat sowing as base fertilizer, while applying phosphate fertilizer, the application of phosphate fertilizer
Measure as 11kg/ mus.
1st, fertilizer irrigation method
(1) nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied in wheatland by machinery trench digging, every two rows wheat is ditched a line, and depth is 9cm, fertilizer
Earthing after material is applied.
(2) poured water after applying fertilizer using simple micro-spray device, simple micro-spray device is layed in wheat ditch, simple micro- spray
Device extends to the other end by wheat cultivation direction from wheat field one end, and described simple micro-spray device includes the more piece being sequentially connected
By orifice between water band, two adjacent sections water band, 8 meters of band of often economizing on water, cephalomere water band connection water source outlet, periproct water band connects
Fine-spraying belt is connect, the end of fine-spraying belt is that micro-spraying hole is provided with closure end, fine-spraying belt, and the length of fine-spraying belt is 6 meters, and micro-spraying hole is big
Small 0.9mm, spray orifice spacing 300mm；
(3) it is 0.3MPa that regulation, which enters pressure of the water with water, carries out the sprinkling of moisture, spraying altitude to surrounding by aperture
For 1.5 meters, sprinkling covering transverse width is 2.5*2 meters, you can covering wheat furrow 5 meters wide, is opened when watering from the distalmost end of wheat field
Begin to irrigate, when the moisture that fine-spraying belt sprays retains 5 minutes in earth's surface, remove a water saving band, fine-spraying belt is retreated to remove and poured
The region filled, many water saving bands of connection, to being irrigated in the range of fine-spraying belt sprinkling covering, have been irrigated and carried out successively, until
The edge of a field other end；
The irrigation of (4) second furrow is irrigated successively according to the direction connection water band opposite with step (3), the filling of the 3rd furrow
Irrigate it is identical with the mode of step (3), the like, the irrigations of adjacent two furrow is in opposite direction, and two every mu of irrigation quantities are in 40m3。
Embodiment 2
A kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water, applies fertilizer and pours water and be specific as follows：
1st, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer are applied in spring wheat phase of standing up, carries out spring irrigation after fertilising, precipitation consumption and when applying
Phase：
The long-term per mu yield of wheat is at 520kg/ mus or so, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 9kg/ mus, is accounted for wheat and entirely given birth in terms of purity nitrogen
The 55% of phase nitrogen otal investment is educated, potash fertilizer sowing amount is calculated as 2.4kg/ mus with pure potassium, be whole breeding time potassium otal investment
40%,
Wheat remaining nitrogenous fertilizer of whole breeding time (the 45% of whole breeding time nitrogen otal investment), potash fertilizer (whole fertility
60%) phase potassium otal investment disposably applies before winter wheat sowing as base fertilizer, while applying phosphate fertilizer, the application of phosphate fertilizer
Measure as 8kg/ mus.
2nd, fertilizer irrigation method
(1) nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied in wheatland by machinery trench digging, every two rows wheat is ditched a line, and depth is 7.5cm,
Earthing after fertilizer is applied.
(2) poured water after applying fertilizer using simple micro-spray device, simple micro-spray device is layed in wheat ditch, simple micro- spray
Device extends to the other end by wheat cultivation direction from wheat field one end, and described simple micro-spray device includes the more piece being sequentially connected
By orifice between water band, two adjacent sections water band, 7 meters of band of often economizing on water, cephalomere water band connection water source outlet, periproct water band connects
Fine-spraying belt is connect, the end of fine-spraying belt is that micro-spraying hole is provided with closure end, fine-spraying belt, and the length of fine-spraying belt is 5.5 meters, micro-spraying hole
Size 0.8mm, spray orifice spacing 320mm；
(3) it is 0.28MPa that regulation, which enters pressure of the water with water, carries out the sprinkling of moisture to surrounding by aperture, and sprinkling is high
Spend for 1.2 meters, sprinkling covering transverse width is 2.4*2 meters, you can covering wheat furrow 4.8 meters wide, from the farthest of wheat field when watering
End starts to irrigate, and when the moisture that fine-spraying belt sprays retains 4 minutes in earth's surface, removes a water saving band, fine-spraying belt is retreated and removed
The region poured, many water saving bands of connection, to being irrigated in the range of fine-spraying belt sprinkling covering, have been irrigated and carried out successively,
Until the edge of a field other end；
The irrigation of (4) second furrow is irrigated successively according to the direction connection water band opposite with step (3), the filling of the 3rd furrow
Irrigate it is identical with the mode of step (3), the like, the irrigations of adjacent two furrow is in opposite direction, and two every mu of irrigation quantities are in 40m3。
Embodiment 3
A kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water, applies fertilizer and pours water and be specific as follows：
1st, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer are applied in spring wheat phase of standing up, carries out spring irrigation after fertilising, precipitation consumption and when applying
Phase：
The long-term per mu yield of wheat is at 450kg/ mus or so, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 6kg/ mus, is accounted for wheat and entirely given birth in terms of purity nitrogen
The 45% of phase nitrogen otal investment is educated, potash fertilizer sowing amount is calculated as 1.5kg/ mus with pure potassium, be whole breeding time potassium otal investment
30%,
Wheat remaining nitrogenous fertilizer of whole breeding time (the 55% of whole breeding time nitrogen otal investment), potash fertilizer (whole fertility
70%) phase potassium otal investment disposably applies before winter wheat sowing as base fertilizer, while applying phosphate fertilizer, the application of phosphate fertilizer
Measure as 7kg/ mus.
2nd, fertilizer irrigation method
(1) nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied in wheatland by machinery trench digging, every two rows wheat is ditched a line, and depth is 6cm, fertilizer
Earthing after material is applied.
(2) poured water after applying fertilizer using simple micro-spray device, simple micro-spray device is layed in wheat ditch, simple micro- spray
Device extends to the other end by wheat cultivation direction from wheat field one end, and described simple micro-spray device includes the more piece being sequentially connected
By orifice between water band, two adjacent sections water band, 6 meters of band of often economizing on water, cephalomere water band connection water source outlet, periproct water band connects
Fine-spraying belt is connect, the end of fine-spraying belt is that micro-spraying hole is provided with closure end, fine-spraying belt, and the length of fine-spraying belt is 5.5 meters, micro-spraying hole
Size 0.7mm, spray orifice spacing 340mm；
(3) it is 0.26MPa that regulation, which enters pressure of the water with water, carries out the sprinkling of moisture to surrounding by aperture, and sprinkling is high
Spend for 1 meter, sprinkling covering transverse width is 2.2*2 meters, you can covering wheat furrow 4.4 meters wide, from the distalmost end of wheat field when watering
Start to irrigate, when the moisture that fine-spraying belt sprays retains 4 minutes in earth's surface, remove a water saving band, fine-spraying belt is retreated and removed
The region poured, many water saving bands of connection, to being irrigated in the range of fine-spraying belt sprinkling covering, have been irrigated and carried out successively, directly
To the edge of a field other end；
The irrigation of (4) second furrow is irrigated successively according to the direction connection water band opposite with step (3), the filling of the 3rd furrow
Irrigate it is identical with the mode of step (3), the like, the irrigations of adjacent two furrow is in opposite direction, and two every mu of irrigation quantities are in 36m3。
Embodiment 4
A kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water, applies fertilizer and pours water and be specific as follows：
1st, nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in spring wheat period of seedling establishment, spring irrigation, precipitation consumption and Dressing date is carried out after fertilising：
The long-term per mu yield of wheat is at 370kg/ mus or so, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 4kg/ mus, is accounted for wheat and entirely given birth in terms of purity nitrogen
Educate the 36% of phase nitrogen otal investment, wheat remaining nitrogenous fertilizer of whole breeding time (the 64% of whole breeding time nitrogen otal investment)
Disposably applied as base fertilizer before winter wheat sowing, while applying phosphorus, potash fertilizer, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 6kg/ mus, potash fertilizer
Sowing amount is 4kg/ mus.
2nd, fertilizer irrigation method
(1) nitrogenous fertilizer is by manually uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface.
(2) poured water after applying fertilizer using simple micro-spray device, simple micro-spray device is layed in wheat ditch, simple micro- spray
Device extends to the other end by wheat cultivation direction from wheat field one end, and described simple micro-spray device includes the more piece being sequentially connected
By orifice between water band, two adjacent sections water band, 6 meters of band of often economizing on water, cephalomere water band connection water source outlet, periproct water band connects
Fine-spraying belt is connect, the end of fine-spraying belt is that micro-spraying hole is provided with closure end, fine-spraying belt, and the length of fine-spraying belt is 5 meters, and micro-spraying hole is big
Small 0.8mm, spray orifice spacing 350mm；
(3) it is 0.25MPa that regulation, which enters pressure of the water with water, carries out the sprinkling of moisture to surrounding by aperture, and sprinkling is high
Spend for 1 meter, sprinkling covering transverse width is 2*2 meters, you can covering wheat furrow 4 meters wide, when watering since the distalmost end of wheat field
Irrigate, when the moisture that fine-spraying belt sprays retains 3 minutes in earth's surface, remove a water saving band, fine-spraying belt is retreated to remove and poured
Complete region, many water saving bands of connection, to being irrigated in the range of fine-spraying belt sprinkling covering, have been irrigated and carried out successively, until ground
The head other end；
The irrigation of (4) second furrow is irrigated successively according to the direction connection water band opposite with step (3), the filling of the 3rd furrow
Irrigate it is identical with the mode of step (3), the like, the irrigations of adjacent two furrow is in opposite direction, and two every mu of irrigation quantities are in 38m3。
Application examples 1
It is compared by embodiment 1 with existing the Integration of Water into Fertilizer.Water-fertilizer integral：Quick-acting chemical fertilizer solid are molten
Yu Shuizhong is simultaneously applied fertilizer in the way of water band fertilizer, and quick-acting chemical fertilizer are common Water soluble fertilizer or water-soluble chemical fertilizer of simple substance.Pass through table 1
It can be seen that：Existing water-fertilizer integral water consumption is substantially reduced, although yield and embodiments of the invention 1 are very nearly the same, but
Because its input cost is substantially too high on wheat crop, cause peasant to plant wheat income and decline, peasant's acceptance is very low, in addition
Water-fertilizer integral requires higher to sport technique segment, and ordinary people is difficult to grasp, and first purchase water-fertilizer integral machine is at least
Also more than thousand yuan, so the irrigation fertilization technology of the application has obvious acceptance and application compared to the Integration of Water into Fertilizer
Prospect.
1 two kinds of irrigation fertilization mode Contrast on effect of table
Note：Water band and micro-nozzle band in the Integration of Water into Fertilizer and in embodiment 1 were updated calculating by 3 years；Peasant
Acceptance refers to acceptance level of the random searching peasant household to two technologies.
Application examples 2
It is compared by embodiment 2 with flood border irrigation.Border irrigation period and azophoska consumption are identical with the present embodiment, the spring
Ji Caiyong spreads fertilizer over the fields the mode poured water after urea, and (, in base fertilizer one-time use, nitrogen Dressing ratios are 1 for phosphorus potash fertilizer and remaining nitrogenous fertilizer:1).It is logical
Table 2 is crossed to analyze：Compared with traditional fertigation, the irrigation fertilization method of embodiment 2 ensure that the loose not plate of topsoil soils
Knot, every mu of 30 sides of water saving, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer Apparent Availability are respectively increased 4.6 and 5.5 percentage points, largely reduced
Movement from nitrate nitrogen to deep soil, grain yield improve 4.9%.
2 two kinds of irrigation fertilization mode Contrast on effect of table
Application examples 3
Watered using same micro-spray device, by embodiment 3 and traditional fertilising consumption and kind mode (in breeding time
Precipitation amount is 15kg/ mus of nitrogen, and Dressing ratios are 1:1, dressing time spreads fertilizer over the fields urea, 7kg/ mus of phosphorus, potassium 6kg/ in the phase of standing up
Mu, phosphorus potash fertilizer whole bottom application, base fertilizer is using conventional composite fertilizer 15-14-12, and every mu is applied 50kg.) be compared, when pouring water
Between, mode and consumption all same.Analyzed by table 3：Compared with traditional fertilising consumption and mode, the irrigation fertilization of embodiment 3
Method can improve wheat grain yield, because also notable raising potassium utilization rate is applied in the gradation of potash fertilizer, while input is supported
Divide and reduce (nitrogen reduces 1.7kg/ mus of input, 1kg/ mus of potassium).
3 two kinds of irrigation fertilization mode Contrast on effect of table
Claims (8)
1. a kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water ,-jointing stage progress of turning green is in winter wheat, including step is such as
Under：
(1) nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied into wheatland ditching-fertilizing or by way of spreading fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface；
(2) poured water after applying fertilizer using simple micro-spray device, simple micro-spray device is layed in wheat ditch, simple micro-spray device
The other end is extended to from wheat field one end by wheat cultivation direction, described simple micro-spray device includes many water savings being sequentially connected
Band, 6-8 meters of band of often economizing on water, the outlet of cephalomere water band connection water source, periproct water band connection fine-spraying belt, the end of fine-spraying belt is closure
Micro-spraying hole is provided with end, fine-spraying belt, the length of fine-spraying belt is 5-6 meters；
(3) irrigate, when the moisture that fine-spraying belt sprays retains 3-5 minutes in earth's surface, removed since the distalmost end of wheat field when watering
A water saving band is removed, fine-spraying belt is retreated to the region for removing and having poured, many water saving bands of connection spray the scope of covering to fine-spraying belt
It is interior to be irrigated, irrigate and carried out successively, until the edge of a field other end；
The irrigation of (4) second furrow is irrigated successively according to opposite with step (3) direction connection water band, the irrigation of the 3rd furrow with
The mode of step (3) is identical, the like, the irrigation of adjacent two furrow is in opposite direction, and every mu of irrigation quantity is in 35-40m3。
2. the winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), nitrogen
Fertilizer and potash fertilizer input consumption are：
Long-term per mu yield is under 600-700kg levels, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 10-14kg/ mus, is accounted for wheat and entirely given birth in terms of purity nitrogen
The 60%-70% of phase nitrogen otal investment, potash fertilizer input amount, at 3-4kg/ mus, is that whole breeding time potassium input is total in terms of pure potassium
The 40%-50% of amount；
Long-term per mu yield is under 500-600kg levels, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 7-10kg/ mus, is that wheat is entirely given birth in terms of purity nitrogen
The 50%-60% of phase nitrogen otal investment, potash fertilizer input amount, at 2-3kg/ mus, is that whole breeding time potassium input is total in terms of pure potassium
The 30%-40% of amount；
Long-term per mu yield is under 400-500kg levels, and nitrogenous fertilizer input amount, at 5-7kg/ mus, is wheat whole breeding time in terms of purity nitrogen
The 40%-50% of nitrogen otal investment, potash fertilizer input amount, at 1-2kg/ mus, is whole breeding time potassium otal investment in terms of pure potassium
20%-30%；
Long-term per mu yield only applies nitrogenous fertilizer in below 400kg levels when pouring water；Nitrogenous fertilizer input amount in terms of purity nitrogen at 3-5kg/ mus,
For the 30%-40% of the whole breeding time nitrogen otal investment of wheat.
3. the winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that long-term per mu yield exists
400kg level above, wheat remaining nitrogenous fertilizer of whole breeding time, potash fertilizer are disposably applied before winter wheat sowing as base fertilizer
Enter, while applying phosphate fertilizer, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 6-12kg/ mus, and rotary tillage is carried out after fertilising or arrangement soil is turned over, then is broadcast
Kind.
4. the winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that long-term per mu yield exists
400kg is with lower horizontal, and wheat remaining nitrogenous fertilizer of whole breeding time is disposably applied before winter wheat sowing as base fertilizer, simultaneously
Phosphorus, potash fertilizer are applied, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 5-6kg/ mus, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is 3-5kg/ mus, and rotary tillage is carried out after fertilising or is turned over
Plough and arrange soil, then sowed.
5. the winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that a class wheatland liquid manure
Dressing date is in the jointing stage, and two class wheatland liquid manure Dressing dates are in the phase of standing up, and three class wheatland liquid manure Dressing dates are in period of seedling establishment.
6. the winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that nitrogenous fertilizer is urea；
Phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate；Potash fertilizer is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, preferably potassium chloride.
7. the winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that ditching-fertilizing is logical
Cross mechanically or manually trench digging to apply in wheatland, every two rows wheat opens dressing furrow a line, and ditching depth is 5-10cm.
8. the winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that two adjacent sections water band
Between by orifice, when pouring water, regulation pressure of the main pipeline water with reclaimed water is 0.25-0.5MPa, makes what fine-spraying belt was sprayed water
It highly it is 1-1.5 meter, sprinkling covering transverse width is * 2 meters of (2-2.5), micro-spraying hole size 0.6-1mm, spray orifice spacing 300-
350mm。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710405308.8A CN107135726B (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2017-05-31 | Drought-resisting and water-saving winter wheat spring irrigation fertilization method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710405308.8A CN107135726B (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2017-05-31 | Drought-resisting and water-saving winter wheat spring irrigation fertilization method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107135726A true CN107135726A (en) | 2017-09-08 |
| CN107135726B CN107135726B (en) | 2020-08-04 |
Family
ID=59779747
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710405308.8A Active CN107135726B (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2017-05-31 | Drought-resisting and water-saving winter wheat spring irrigation fertilization method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107135726B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108029484A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-15 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of anti drought cultivation method of potato |
| CN108898499A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-27 | 河南省气象科学研究所 | A kind of winter wheat hot dry wind insurance weather index calculation method |
| CN109937817A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-28 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of wheat microspray irrigation chemical fertilizer, which precisely subtracts, applies high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102755936A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-10-31 | 山东农业大学 | Special microspray tape for wheat |
| CN103597988A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for performing topdressing on winter wheat by sequentially irrigating and fertilizing |
| CN106489508A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-03-15 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method |
-
2017
- 2017-05-31 CN CN201710405308.8A patent/CN107135726B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102755936A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-10-31 | 山东农业大学 | Special microspray tape for wheat |
| CN103597988A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for performing topdressing on winter wheat by sequentially irrigating and fertilizing |
| CN106489508A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-03-15 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Winter wheat water-fertilizer integral water-saving fertilizer-saving Efficient Cultivation regulates and controls method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108029484A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-15 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of anti drought cultivation method of potato |
| CN108898499A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-27 | 河南省气象科学研究所 | A kind of winter wheat hot dry wind insurance weather index calculation method |
| CN109937817A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-28 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of wheat microspray irrigation chemical fertilizer, which precisely subtracts, applies high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107135726B (en) | 2020-08-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102358709B (en) | Water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer special for winter wheat and application method for water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer | |
| CN106717999B (en) | A kind of implantation methods cracking continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco | |
| CN105409553A (en) | Underground dip irrigation and water and fertilizer integration planting method for potatoes | |
| CN105706690B (en) | Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method | |
| CN106233949A (en) | A kind of alfalfa drip irrigation high yield cultivating method | |
| CN108142226A (en) | Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method | |
| CN104365250B (en) | Huang-Huai-Hai wheat district based on Labile soil organic carbon wheat High Efficient nitrogen application process | |
| CN101589683A (en) | Make the novel cultivation method of 1 year high yield of grape | |
| CN105638016B (en) | A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing | |
| CN106258142A (en) | Fruit tree water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method | |
| CN101213923A (en) | Fruit tree perforating deep layer fertilizing method | |
| CN109819746A (en) | The fertile ecological management of water-saving control and synergy utilize method to one kind heavy salinizedly | |
| CN106233906A (en) | A kind of hillside fields Camellia sinensis fertigation method | |
| CN104488394A (en) | Comprehensive improvement method for salinized soil | |
| CN103597988B (en) | One is first filled with and is executed winter wheat topdressing method afterwards | |
| CN104186161A (en) | Method for drip irrigation vegetable planting below dry slope land membrane | |
| CN107135726A (en) | A kind of winter wheat spring irrigation fertilizing method of resisting drought saving water | |
| CN102487701A (en) | High-yield liquorice planting method | |
| CN109168396B (en) | Coal mining track ecological restoration system | |
| CN105284378B (en) | A kind of Tomato in Greenhouse celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods | |
| CN103190235A (en) | Method for fertilizing fruit tree in dry sloping field | |
| CN107056505A (en) | One plant vegetables rice crop rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and maintain stable crop yield method | |
| CN108605676A (en) | A kind of water-saving oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers method of control salt plantation of saline-alkali wetland | |
| CN1160475A (en) | Under-mulching irrigation method for crops planting with mulching | |
| CN101147448A (en) | Water-saving planting corn method by using furrow sowing and furrow irrigation technique |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |