CN105638016B - A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing - Google Patents

A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing Download PDF

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CN105638016B
CN105638016B CN201610012878.6A CN201610012878A CN105638016B CN 105638016 B CN105638016 B CN 105638016B CN 201610012878 A CN201610012878 A CN 201610012878A CN 105638016 B CN105638016 B CN 105638016B
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water
cotton
fertilizer
salt
irrigation
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CN105638016A (en
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诸葛玉平
宋付朋
娄燕宏
王会
郭新送
尚晓阳
张明杰
陈青
张晓�
赵鹏
王德领
陈淑君
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Shandong Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

Abstract

The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, specifically related to a kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, on the spot soil alkaline, soil fertility and weather and cotton growth situation of this method for the heavy salinized ground in the Huanghe delta, rate of fertilizer and operation research method are formulated, irrigation quantity and the cotton control salt of corresponding irrigation principle and method volume increase liquid manure operation research method, comprise the following steps：(1) site preparation and washing salinity by irrigation；(2) fertilising is improved the soil with sowing；(3) flower bud phase is topdressed control salt of pouring water；(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water；(5) term of opening bolls topdresses control salt of pouring water.The present invention carries out adjusting salt control salt, improving soil fertility, water supply fertilizer, volume increase of keeping a full stand of seedings by reasonable arrange-ment liquid manure to the plantation of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land, it is gently simple with method, strong applicability, increase production and improve productivity, water-saving fertilizer-saving and advantage easy to spread, in the Huanghe delta, cotton in severe saline-alkali land growing area, which is widely applied, has significant economic, ecological and social benefit.

Description

A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, and in particular to a kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt increases Production method.
Background technology
Heavy salinized ground region in the Huanghe delta is the important land resources to be developed utilized, and cotton is that salt tolerance is higher Industrial crops, it is that the area plays land use valency heavy salinizedly to expand cultivated area, raising output of cotton of the cotton in the area The important channel of value and potentiality, while cotton is also important national economy crop and strategic materials, therefore inquires into and summarizes severe The liquid manure operation research method of alkaline land cotton plantation control salt volume increase is to the developing agricultural for developing the area is produced, increasing economic efficiency has Major and immediate significance and value.
201210054108.X applications disclose a kind of cotton in severe saline-alkali land fertilization method, and the method is in cotton stalk returning to the field base On plinth, base applies quick-acting slow released fertilizers, imposes the fertilizing method of foliar fertilizer, the cotton time of infertility not fertilizer deficiency is only ensured, without reference to control The problem of salt；201410697221.9 application discloses a kind of implantation methods of Muddy Bottoms heavy saline-alkali area at seashore cotton, the method weight Point reaches volume increase for Soil building, full range control plant height and fruit branch number；201110231188.7 application discloses a kind of strand weight The method of salt-soda soil plant cotton, mainly melts shower, mulch film by consolidation, winter salt water icing irrigation, spring salt water ice Covering suppression salt Measures on Soil Moisture Conservation salt reduction；201110106539.1 application discloses a kind of dropper side of heavy salinized ground plant cotton Method, the method is only accounted for broadcasting preceding preparation, capillary emplacing, is controlled salt using drip irrigation breeding time using under-film drip irrigation water saving control salt method； Above-mentioned prior art has different advantages, but does not consider cotton in severe saline-alkali land growth key developmental stages salt tolerant, needs water and need The rule trend of fertilizer and the whole liquid manure for precisely controlling salt water supply fertilizer using light simple row, cost-saving synergistic, key developmental stages are planned strategies for Method reaches control salt volume increase purpose.
The content of the invention
The many weak points existed for prior art, the invention provides a kind of Huanghe delta heavy salinized ground cotton Flower control salt method for increasing, on the spot soil alkaline, soil fertility and weather and cotton of this method for the heavy salinized ground in the Huanghe delta Growing state, has formulated rate of fertilizer and operation research method, the cotton control salt volume increase of irrigation quantity and corresponding irrigation principle and method Liquid manure operation research method, comprises the following steps：(1) site preparation and washing salinity by irrigation；(2) fertilising is improved the soil with sowing；(3) flower bud phase, which is topdressed, pours water Control salt；(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water；(5) term of opening bolls topdresses control salt of pouring water.The present invention is by reasonable arrange-ment liquid manure to the Yellow River Delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land plantation carries out adjusting salt control salt, improving soil fertility, water supply fertilizer, volume increase of keeping a full stand of seedings, gently simple with method, Strong applicability, increase production and improve productivity, water-saving fertilizer-saving and advantage easy to spread, in the Huanghe delta, cotton in severe saline-alkali land growing area is big Area popularization and application have significant economic, ecological and social benefit.
The present invention concrete technical scheme be：
A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, by the way of liquid manure is planned strategies for：
According to 2250~4500kg/ hectares of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land target output, topsoil soils fertility and Salinity change conditions, cotton different growing regulation of fertilizer requirement, utilization rate of fertilizer and improving soil fertility demand determine following cotton control The rate of fertilizer and operation research method of salt volume increase：
Per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields 6000~12000kg of 9000~15000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer；
Per hectare applies chemical fertilizer pure 150~300kg of N, P2O5120~240kg, K2O30~60kg, wherein cotton are different Period applies the ratio of planning strategies for of chemical fertilizer npk nutrient amount mass percent for base manure：Flower bud fertilizer：Hua Lingfei：Blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%： 20%：50%：10%, fertilization mode is to spread fertilizer over the fields, rush and apply or foliage-spray；
Using well-rotted farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer, Soil building salt reduction effect is reached, chemical fertilizer respectively needs fertile key in cotton Phase apply can effective supply cotton growth is to nutrient demand and controls salt damage and fertilizer damage, promote cotton growth, and reach stable yields and Volume increase；
The desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured water 1500~1800 sides/hectare before broadcasting, and control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.2wt%；Flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period Poured water 900~1500 sides/hectare with the term of opening bolls, control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%；Above-mentioned irrigation quantity is both needed to keep ploughing Layer soil relative water content is 70%~80%, and using border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, and irrigation water water quality meets GB 5084- 2005 agricultural irrigation water quality standards.
Soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching reduction topsoil soils salinity, ensures cotton emergence rate and reaches that seedlings are uniform and strong, cotton each breeding time fills Water can regulate and control topsoil soils salinity and meet demand of the cotton to moisture, promote cotton growth, and guarantee is increased production and improved productivity；
The method that above-mentioned liquid manure is planned strategies for, for the weight that Huanghe delta topsoil soils salt content is 0.6wt%~1.0wt% Spend salt-soda soil；
Present invention is primarily based on 2250~4500kg/ hectares of the target output of cotton, Yellow River delta region practical basis Soil fertility and saline and alkaline situation and the utilization rate situation of fertilizer determine above-mentioned fertilizer application parameter, and above-mentioned parameter scope can meet above-mentioned The variation of various situations, therefore with obvious specific aim and more preferable adaptability；
And different times irrigation quantity and operation research method, then according to cotton each breeding time salt-tolerant threshold (seedling stage 0.2wt%, flower bud Phase 0.3wt%, flowering and boll-setting period 0.3wt%, term of opening bolls 0.3wt%) and law of needing the water, local this season weather rain fall, soil moisture in the soil Feelings, critical depth of groundwater and its salt content and Cotton growth determine each irrigation in growing period amount of cotton, it is specific irrigate the date and The moisture such as method are planned strategies for parameter, and scope disclosed above can meet the variation of above-mentioned various situations, therefore with being significantly directed to Property and more preferable adaptability.
On the basis of above-mentioned liquid manure plans strategies for mode, inventor further provides the Huanghe delta severe of complete set Alkaline land cotton control salt method for increasing, step is as follows：
(1) site preparation and washing salinity by irrigation：Arrange bar field：Dug around 20~30 meters of bar field width, 200~500 meters of length, bar field Build salt discharge row's alkali ditch, 1.5 meters of ditch depth, 2~3 meters suitable for reading, 0.5~1 meter of bottom width；Rotary tillage is flattened after straw-returning, broadcasts preceding 25~30 My god, 1500~1800 sides that pour water/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.2wt%, and soil relative water content is 70%~ 80%, carry out the soil plough horizon desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, control salt, soil moisture conservation, water supply；
(2) fertilising is improved the soil with sowing：Per hectare spread fertilizer over the fields 9000~15000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer 6000~ 12000kg；N p k fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields simultaneously, per hectare chemical fertilizer pure 30~60kg of N, P is scaled2O524~48kg, K2O 6~ 12kg, as base manure, twice of rotary tillage, deep 3~5cm carries out improving soil fertility, is sowed, overlay film, put by prior art afterwards Seedling；
(3) flower bud phase is topdressed control salt of pouring water：In cotton flower bud phase, poured water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900~1500 Side/hectare, first irrigates 1/2 current period irrigation quantity pressure salt, and control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%；Remaining 1/2 current period filling is filled again Water is simultaneously spread fertilizer over the fields or rushes Shi Leifei with water：It is scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure 30~60kg of N, P2O524~48kg, K2O 6~ 12kg, carries out topsoil soils pressure salt control salt, water supply fertilizer, ensure cotton from needed for nutrient growth to reproductive growth transition nutrient and Moisture；
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water：In cotton flowering and boll-setting period, poured water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900~ 1500 sides/hectare, first irrigate 1/2 current period irrigation quantity pressure salt, and control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%；Fill remaining 1/2 again Phase irrigation quantity simultaneously spreads fertilizer over the fields or applies Hua Lingfei with water punching：It is scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure 75~150kg of N, P2O560~120kg, K215~30kg of O, carry out topsoil soils pressure salt control salt, water supply fertilizer, promote cotton growth；
(5) term of opening bolls topdresses control salt of pouring water：At cotton boll blowing initial stage, poured water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900 ~1500 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%, and spreads fertilizer over the fields or applied with water punching or foliage-spray blow-of-cottons fertilizer, tells The fertile consumption of wadding：It is scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N15~30kg, P2O512~24kg, K23~6kg of O, control topsoil soils salt Point, prevent influence cotton root system from absorbing nutrient and moisture, ensure term of opening bolls cotton to nutrient and water demand, strong sprout volume increase；
In addition, each breeding time field management of cotton and change control, harvest etc. are carried out by prior art.
By above-mentioned many improvement, Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land plantation can be met to topsoil soils salinity, water Divide the demand with nutrient, realize that cotton control salt increases production and improves productivity, per hectare Yield Increase In Cotton more than 20%, synergy more than 10% can be made.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
(1) interaction relationship of the invention according to the Huanghe delta heavy salinized ground liquid manure salt, with the liquid manure side of planning strategies for Method carries out control salt and adjusts salt, water supply fertilizer, volume increase of keeping a full stand of seedings, and method is gently simple, suitable for Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land growing area It is widely applied.
(2) dose of the present invention and irrigation quantity are all in accordance with cotton target output, actual soil fertility and the saline and alkaline situation of topsoil soils And cotton needs fertile law of needing the water to be formulated, have the advantages that specific aim and applicability and Tree Precise Fertilization pour water, water-saving fertilizer-saving.
(3) fertilizer and moisture operation research method of the present invention is to need fertile law of needing the water according to cotton each breeding time and need water salt tolerant threshold Value, is formulated with the principle of shifting, accurate liquid manure and water-fertilizer integral after fertilizer, passes through application of organic fertilizers and reasonable arrange-ment Liquid manure, has the advantages that Soil building, control salt keep a full stand of seedings, adjust salt growth promoting, water supply fertilizer, strong sprout volume increase.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) present invention is for heavy salinized ground evaporation capacity in the Huanghe delta is big, the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, water shortage are few fertile, cotton Emerge poor, the growth low production problem of poor, yield, improving soil fertility, tune salt control salt are carried out with liquid manure control salt method for increasing of planning strategies for With water supply fertilizer, the control soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil can be reached, ensure that cotton emerges and grown, improves yield and the effect of cost-saving synergistic Really.
(2) dose of the present invention and operation research method, can meet demand of the cotton different growing to nutrient, and can reduce The risk of Salt Strees Condition, it is ensured that emergence rate, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuan, promotes cotton growth, ensures that it increases production and improves productivity.
(3) irrigation quantity and operation research method of the present invention, can not only meet demand of the cotton different growing to moisture, and can be dilute Topsoil soils salt concentration is released, cotton root system activity is kept, promotes cotton growth, reach the purpose of strong sprout volume increase.
(4) present invention have water-saving fertilizer-saving, strong applicability, it is simple and easy to apply, easy to spread the characteristics of, in Huanghe delta area Domain cotton in severe saline-alkali land growing area is widely applied with significant economic, ecological and social benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing,
Test plot：Shandong Province Accessories during Binzhou Zhanhua County village, its soil is soil salt content 0.6wt%~1.0wt%'s Heavy salinizedly.
Liquid manure is planned strategies for mode:
Fertilizer amount and its operation research method：According to 3000kg/ hectares of target output, the Yellow River delta region topsoil of cotton Soil practical basis soil fertility (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 36.32mg/kg, organic matter 6.06g/kg, available phosphorus 4.21mg/kg, available potassium 228.40mg/kg) with the utilization rate situation of total salt content 0.80% and fertilizer, determine that rate of fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields business for per hectare Product organic fertilizer (clear big scientific and technological organic fertilizer：Shandong Binzhou Qingda Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic matter >=45%, N P and K >=5%；Or standing grain letter biological active organic fertilizer：Weifang and the production of letter bio tech ltd, organic matter >=45%, N P and K >= 5%) 10000kg；Per hectare applies chemical fertilizer pure N 150kg, P2O5120kg, K2O 30kg, planning strategies for for chemical fertilizer is moved according to after fertilizer Carried out with the principle of water-fertilizer integral, always to fertilize the ratio of planning strategies for of npk nutrient amount mass percent according to base manure (seedling Fertilizer)：Flower bud fertilizer：Hua Lingfei：Blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%：20%：50%：10% is administered, base manure is spreads fertilizer over the fields, the fertile row replacement of flower bud, Hua Ling Fertilizer punching is applied, and term of opening bolls punching is applied or foliage-spray.
Irrigation quantity and Operations Research Principless and method：According to each breeding time salt-tolerant threshold of cotton and law of needing the water, this season weather drop Rain condition condition, soil moisture content and Cotton growth, determine that the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured water 1800 sides/hectare control below soil salt 0.2wt%, flower bud Pour water 900~1500 sides/hectare control below soil salt 0.3wt% after phase, flowering and boll-setting period and term of opening bolls fertilising, keeps relative Water content is 70%~80%, and using border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, irrigation water water quality meets GB 5084-2005 farmland irrigating waters Matter standard.
Specific cotton control salt method for increasing step is as follows：
(1) site preparation and washing salinity by irrigation：Build and dug around bar field, 20~30 meters of bar field width, 200~500 meters of length, bar field Alkali ditch, 1.5 meters of ditch depth, 2~3 meters suitable for reading, 0.5~1 meter of bottom width are arranged in salt discharge；Rotary tillage is flattened after straw-returning, is broadcast first 30 days, is poured water 1800 sides/hectare control soil salt is less than 0.2wt%.
(2) fertilising is improved the soil with sowing：Per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields organic commercial fertilizer 10000kg (clear big scientific and technological organic fertilizers：Shandong Binzhou Clear big science and technology limited Company production, organic matter >=45%, N P and K >=5%), spread fertilizer over the fields 20% total npk nutrient to fertilize Measure (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N 30kg, P2O524kg, K2O 6kg), as base manure, twice of rotary tillage (deep 5cm), in 2014 4 Months 25 days sowed (Shandong cotton 11) by prior art, overlay film, put seedling.
(3) flower bud phase is topdressed control salt of pouring water：Location weather high temperature and drought, average rainfall only 13.2mm, determines border irrigation 1500 sides/hectare, 750 sides/hectare of first pouring water then irrigates remaining 750 sides/hectare water and applies 20% total nitrogen to fertilize with water punching Phosphorus potassium nutrition amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N 30kg, P2O524kg, K2O 6kg), control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%.
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water：Cotton flowering and boll-setting period, determines 1500 sides of border irrigation/hectare according to weather, first irrigates 1/ 2 current period irrigation quantities, then irrigate remaining 1/2 current period irrigation quantity and apply 50% total npk nutrient amount to fertilize (per public with water punching Hectare chemical fertilizer pure N 75kg, P2O560kg, K2O 15kg), control topsoil soils salinity is less than below 0.3wt%.
(5) term of opening bolls topdresses control salt of pouring water：Cotton boll blowing initial stage, according to climatic condition, 1200 sides of border irrigation/hectare, control Topsoil soils salinity is less than below 0.3%wt, and applies 10% total npk nutrient amount (pure N of per hectare chemical fertilizer to fertilize with water punching 15kg, P2O512kg, K2O 3kg)。
(6) breeding period administration and harvest：Carrying out breeding time field management in good time by prior art includes changing control, prunes and beat Top, insect prevention, harvest；3282.40kg/ hectares of average out to of production is surveyed, 2539.25kg/ hectares of field is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting Volume increase 29.27%, than salt-soda soil general planting control field cost-saving synergistic 12.22%, topsoil soils salt content is reduced 80.81%, the soil weight reduces 11.11%, and soil granular structure content improves 20.10%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing,
Test plot：Shandong Province Accessories during Binzhou Wudi County village, its soil is soil salt content 0.6wt%~1.0wt%'s Heavy salinizedly.
Liquid manure is planned strategies for mode:
Fertilizer amount and its operation research method：According to 3500kg/ hectares of target output, the Yellow River delta region topsoil of cotton Soil practical basis soil fertility (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 48.19mg/kg, organic matter 4.73g/kg, available phosphorus 7.55mg/kg, available potassium 297.21mg/kg) with the utilization rate situation of total salt content 0.72% and fertilizer, determine that rate of fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields business for per hectare Product organic fertilizer 10000kg (clear big scientific and technological organic fertilizers：Shandong Binzhou Qingda Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic matter >=45%, N P and K >=5%；Or standing grain letter biological active organic fertilizer：Weifang and the production of letter bio tech ltd, organic matter >=45%, nitrogen Phosphorus potassium >=5%)；Per hectare applies chemical fertilizer pure N 200kg, P2O5160kg, K2O 40kg, planning strategies for for chemical fertilizer is moved according to after fertilizer Carried out with the principle of water-fertilizer integral, always to fertilize the ratio of planning strategies for of npk nutrient amount mass percent according to base manure (seedling Fertilizer)：Flower bud fertilizer：Hua Lingfei：Blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%：20%：50%：10% is administered, base manure is spreads fertilizer over the fields, the fertile row replacement of flower bud, Hua Ling Fertilizer punching is applied, and term of opening bolls punching is applied or foliage-spray.
Irrigation quantity and Operations Research Principless and method：According to each breeding time salt-tolerant threshold of cotton and law of needing the water, this season weather drop Rain condition condition, soil moisture content and Cotton growth, determine that the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured water 1800 sides/hectare control below soil salt 0.2wt%, flower bud Pour water 900~1500 sides/hectare control below soil salt 0.3wt% after phase, flowering and boll-setting period and term of opening bolls fertilising, keeps relative Water content is 70%~80%, and using border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, irrigation water water quality meets GB 5084-2005 farmland irrigating waters Matter standard.
Specific cotton control salt method for increasing step is as follows：
(1) site preparation and washing salinity by irrigation：Build and dug around bar field, 20~30 meters of bar field width, 200~500 meters of length, bar field Alkali ditch, 1.5 meters of ditch depth, 2~3 meters suitable for reading, 0.5~1 meter of bottom width are arranged in salt discharge；Rotary tillage is flattened after straw-returning, is broadcast first 30 days, is poured water 1800 sides/hectare control soil salt is less than 0.2%.
(2) fertilising is improved the soil with sowing：Per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields organic commercial fertilizer 10000kg, and (standing grain believes biological active organic fertilizer：Weifang Produced with letter bio tech ltd, organic matter >=45%, N P and K >=5%), spread fertilizer over the fields 20% total amount (per hectare to fertilize Chemical fertilizer pure N 40kg, P2O532kg, K2O 8kg), as base manure, twice of rotary tillage (deep 5cm), on April 25th, 2014 by existing There is technology to be sowed (Shandong cotton 11), overlay film, put seedling.
(3) flower bud phase is topdressed control salt of pouring water：Location weather high temperature and drought, average rainfall only 13.2mm, determines border irrigation 1500 sides/hectare, first irrigate 750 sides/hectare, then irrigate remaining 750 sides/hectare and apply 20% total nitrogen phosphorus to fertilize with water punching Potassium nutrition amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N 40kg, P2O532kg, K2O 8kg), control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%.
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water：Cotton flowering and boll-setting period, determines 1200 sides of border irrigation/hectare water according to weather, first irrigates 1/2 current period irrigation quantity, then irrigates remaining 1/2 current period irrigation quantity and applies 50% total npk nutrient amount to fertilize (often with water punching Hectare chemical fertilizer pure N 100kg, P2O580kg, K2O 20kg), control topsoil soils salinity is less than below 0.3wt%.
(5) term of opening bolls topdresses control salt of pouring water：Cotton boll blowing initial stage, according to climatic condition, 1200 sides of border irrigation/hectare, control Topsoil soils salinity is less than below 0.3wt%, and applies 10% total npk nutrient amount (pure N of per hectare chemical fertilizer to fertilize with water punching 20kg, P2O516kg, K2O 4kg)。
(6) breeding period administration and harvest：Carrying out breeding time field management in good time by prior art includes changing control, prunes and beat Top, insect prevention, harvest；3987.67kg/ hectares of average out to of production is surveyed, 2962.17kg/ hectares of field is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting Volume increase 34.62%, the flat cost-saving synergistic 22.43% of field is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting, and topsoil soils salt content is reduced 72.23%, the soil weight reduces 12.09%, and soil granular structure content improves 17.00%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing,
Test plot：Dongying District village of Dongying city, its soil is soil salt content 0.6wt%~1.0wt%'s Heavy salinizedly.
Liquid manure is planned strategies for mode:
Fertilizer amount and its operation research method：According to 4500kg/ hectares of target output, the Yellow River delta region topsoil of cotton Soil practical basis soil fertility (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 54.20mg/kg, organic matter 5.32g/kg, available phosphorus 9.03mg/kg, available potassium 319.26mg/kg) with the utilization rate situation of total salt content 0.65% and fertilizer, determine that rate of fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields corruption for per hectare Ripe farm manure 15000kg；Per hectare applies chemical fertilizer pure N 300kg, P2O5240kg, K2O 60kg, chemical fertilizer is planned strategies for according to fertilizer Afterwards move and water-fertilizer integral principle carry out, always to fertilize the ratio of planning strategies for of npk nutrient amount mass percent according to base manure (seed manure)：Flower bud fertilizer：Hua Lingfei：Blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%：20%：50%：10% is administered, base manure is spreads fertilizer over the fields, the fertile row replacement of flower bud, flower Bell fertilizer punching is applied, and term of opening bolls punching is applied or foliage-spray.
Irrigation quantity and Operations Research Principless and method：According to each breeding time salt-tolerant threshold of cotton and law of needing the water, this season weather drop Rain condition condition, soil moisture content and Cotton growth, determine that the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured water 1800 sides/hectare control below soil salt 0.2wt%, flower bud Pour water 900~1500 sides/hectare control below soil salt 0.3wt% after phase, flowering and boll-setting period and term of opening bolls fertilising, keeps relative Water content is 70%~80%, and using border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, irrigation water water quality meets GB 5084-2005 farmland irrigating waters Matter standard.
Specific cotton control salt method for increasing step is as follows：
(1) site preparation and washing salinity by irrigation：Build and dug around bar field, 20~30 meters of bar field width, 200~500 meters of length, bar field Alkali ditch, 1.5 meters of ditch depth, 2~3 meters suitable for reading, 0.5~1.0 meter of bottom width are arranged in salt discharge；Rotary tillage is flattened after straw-returning, is broadcast first 30 days, is filled 1800 sides of water/hectare control soil salt is less than 0.2wt%.
(2) fertilising is improved the soil with sowing：Per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 15000kg, spreads fertilizer over the fields 20% total N P and K to fertilize Amount of nutrients (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N 60kg, P2O548kg, K2O 12kg), as base manure, twice of rotary tillage (deep 5cm), in On April 29th, 2014 is sowed (Shandong cotton 11) by prior art, overlay film, puts seedling.
(3) flower bud phase is topdressed control salt of pouring water：Location weather high temperature and drought, determines 1500 sides of border irrigation/hectare water, first pours water 750 sides/hectare, then irrigate remaining 750 sides/hectare water and apply 20% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare to fertilize with water punching Chemical fertilizer pure N 60kg, P2O548kg, K2O 12kg), control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%.
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water：Cotton flowering and boll-setting period, determines 1200 sides of border irrigation/hectare water according to weather, first irrigates 1/2 current period irrigation quantity, then irrigates remaining 1/2 current period irrigation quantity and applies 50% total npk nutrient amount to fertilize (often with water punching Hectare chemical fertilizer pure N 150kg, P2O5120kg, K2O 30kg), control topsoil soils salinity is less than below 0.3wt%.
(5) term of opening bolls topdresses control salt of pouring water：Cotton boll blowing initial stage, according to climatic condition, 1000 sides of border irrigation/hectare water, control Topsoil soils salinity processed is less than below 0.3wt%, and with water punching applies 10% total npk nutrient amount to fertilize (per hectare chemical fertilizer is pure N 30kg, P2O524kg, K2O 6kg)。
(6) breeding period administration and harvest：Carrying out breeding time field management in good time by prior art includes changing control, prunes and beat Top, insect prevention, harvest；4409.50kg/ hectares of average out to of production is surveyed, 3201.41kg/ hectares of field is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting Volume increase 37.74%, than salt-soda soil general planting control field cost-saving synergistic 42.42%, topsoil soils salt content is reduced 75.65%, the soil weight reduces 13.42%, and soil granular structure content improves 16.70%.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, it is characterised in that：By the way of liquid manure is planned strategies for：
Per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields 6000~12000kg of 9000~15000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer；
Per hectare applies chemical fertilizer pure N150~300kg, P2O5120~240kg, K230~60kg of O, wherein cotton different times Using the ratio of planning strategies for of chemical fertilizer npk nutrient amount mass percent for base manure：Flower bud fertilizer：Hua Lingfei：Blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%：20%： 50%：10%, fertilization mode is to spread fertilizer over the fields, rush and apply or foliage-spray；
The desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured water 1500~1800 sides/hectare before broadcasting, and control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.2wt%；Flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period and tell The wadding phase pours water 900~1500 sides/hectare, and control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%；Above-mentioned irrigation quantity is both needed to keep topsoil soil Earth relative water content is 70%~80%, using border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode；
Specifically include following steps：
(1) site preparation and washing salinity by irrigation：Arrange bar field；Rotary tillage is flattened after straw-returning, is broadcast first 25~30 days, pours water 1500~1800 Side/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.2wt%, and soil relative water content is 70%~80%, carries out soil plough horizon and washes Salt, control salt, soil moisture conservation, water supply；
(2) fertilising is improved the soil with sowing：Per hectare spread fertilizer over the fields 9000~15000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer 6000~ 12000kg；Spread fertilizer over the fields n p k fertilizer simultaneously：It is scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure 30~60kg of N, P2O524~48kg, K2O 6~ 12kg, as base manure, twice of rotary tillage, deep 3~5cm carries out improving soil fertility, is sowed afterwards, overlay film, puts seedling；
(3) flower bud phase is topdressed control salt of pouring water：In cotton flower bud phase, poured water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, the side of irrigation quantity 900~1500/ Hectare, first irrigates 1/2 current period irrigation quantity pressure salt, and control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%；Filling remaining 1/2 current period again pours water Measure and spread fertilizer over the fields or rush Shi Leifei with water：It is scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure 30~60kg of N, P2O524~48kg, K26~12kg of O；
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water：In cotton flowering and boll-setting period, poured water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900~1500 Side/hectare, first irrigates 1/2 current period irrigation quantity pressure salt, and control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%；Remaining 1/2 current period filling is filled again Water is simultaneously spread fertilizer over the fields or applies Hua Lingfei with water punching：It is scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure 75~150kg of N, P2O560~120kg, K2O 15 ~30kg；
(5) term of opening bolls topdresses control salt of pouring water：At cotton boll blowing initial stage, poured water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900~ 1500 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity is less than 0.3wt%, and spreads fertilizer over the fields or applied with water punching or foliage-spray blow-of-cottons fertilizer, blow-of-cottons Fertile consumption：It is scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure 15~30kg of N, P2O512~24kg, K23~6kg of O.
2. Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Heavy salinized ground salt content in the Huanghe delta is 0.6wt%~1.0wt%.
3. Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Irrigate Water water quality meets GB 5084-2005 agricultural irrigation water quality standards.
4. Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (1) site preparation is with arranging bar field in washing salinity by irrigation：Dug around 20~30 meters of bar field width, 200~500 meters of length, bar field and build salt discharge Arrange alkali ditch, 1.5 meters of ditch depth, 2~3 meters suitable for reading, 0.5~1 meter of bottom width.
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