CN105638016A - Method for yellow river delta severe saline-alkali soil cotton salinity control and production increase - Google Patents
Method for yellow river delta severe saline-alkali soil cotton salinity control and production increase Download PDFInfo
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- CN105638016A CN105638016A CN201610012878.6A CN201610012878A CN105638016A CN 105638016 A CN105638016 A CN 105638016A CN 201610012878 A CN201610012878 A CN 201610012878A CN 105638016 A CN105638016 A CN 105638016A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a method for yellow river delta severe saline-alkali soil cotton salinity control and production increase. The method for cotton salinity control, production increase and irrigation and fertilization planning and management is used for formulating fertilizer application amount and planning and management methods, water irrigation amount and corresponding irrigation principles and methods for on-site soil salinization, soil fertility, climate and cotton growth situation of a yellow river delta severe saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps of 1, soil preparation and water irrigation salt leaching; 2, soil amelioration, fertilization and seed sowing; 3, bud stage topdressing, water irrigation and salinity control; 4, flowering and boll setting stage topdressing, water irrigation and salinity control; 5, boll opening stage topdressing, water irrigation and salinity control. According to the method, salinity adjustment and control, fertilization, soil amelioration, water and fertilizer supply, seedling protection and production increase are performed on yellow river delta severe saline-alkali soil cotton planting through reasonable irrigation and fertilization planning and management, the method has the advantages of being simple, easy, high in practicability, capable of increasing production and efficiency and saving water and fertilizer and easy to popularize, and the remarkable economic, ecological and social benefits are achieved for large-area application and popularization in a yellow river delta severe saline-alkali soil cotton planting region.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, be specifically related to a kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing.
Background technology
Region, heavy salinized ground, the Huanghe delta is the important land resources of utilization to be developed, Cotton Gossypii is the industrial crops that salt tolerance is higher, expand the Cotton Gossypii cultivated area in this district, improve output of cotton Shi Gai district and play heavy salinizedly Land_use change and be worth and the important channel of potentiality, Cotton Gossypii is also important national economy crop and strategic materials simultaneously, and therefore the liquid manure operation research method developing agricultural production to this district of development of salt volume increase is controlled in the plantation of discussion summary cotton in severe saline-alkali land, increasing economic efficiency is of great immediate significance and value.
201210054108.X application discloses a kind of cotton in severe saline-alkali land fertilization method, this method is on cotton stalk also basis, field, and quick-acting slow released fertilizer executed by base, imposes the fertilizing method of foliage fertilizer, only ensures Cotton Gossypii not fertilizer deficiency in the time of infertility, it does not have the problem relating to control salt; 201410697221.9 application discloses the implantation methods of a kind of Muddy Bottoms heavy saline-alkali area at seashore Cotton Gossypii, this method emphasis is that Soil building, full range control plant height and Fruit branch number reach volume increase; 201110231188.7 application disclose a kind of planting cotton in coastal heavy saline-alkali land method, mainly through consolidation, winter salt water freeze irrigate, spring salt water ice melt shower, covering with ground sheeting presses down salt Measures on Soil Moisture Conservation salt reduction; 201110106539.1 application discloses the dropper method of a kind of heavy salinized ground plant cotton, this method adopts under-film drip irrigation water saving control salt method, only accounts for broadcasting front preparation, capillary emplacing, utilizes drip irrigation period of duration control salt; Above-mentioned prior art all has different advantage, but does not all consider cotton in severe saline-alkali land growth key developmental stages salt tolerant, need water and need fertile rule trend and the omnidistance liquid manure operation research method adopting light simple and easy row, cost-saving synergistic, key developmental stages precisely to control salt water supply fertilizer to reach control salt volume increase purpose.
Summary of the invention
For many weak points that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, the method is for the soil alkaline on the spot on heavy salinized ground, the Huanghe delta, soil fertility and weather and cotton growth situation, rate of fertilizer and operation research method are formulated, the Cotton Gossypii control salt volume increase liquid manure operation research method of irrigation quantity and corresponding irrigation principle and method, comprises the steps: that (1) is wholelyly and washing salinity by irrigation;(2) improve the soil fertilising and sow; (3) the flower bud phase topdresses control salt of pouring water; (4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water; (5) topdress the term of opening bolls control salt of pouring water. Cotton in severe saline-alkali land plantation in the Huanghe delta is undertaken adjusting salt control salt, improving soil fertility, water supply fertilizer, volume increase of keeping a full stand of seedings by the present invention by reasonable arrange-ment liquid manure, there is method gently simple, the suitability is strong, increase production and improve productivity, water-saving fertilizer-saving and advantage easy to spread, has significant economy, ecology and social benefit in Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land growing area large scale application.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, adopts the mode that liquid manure is planned strategies for:
The rate of fertilizer and operation research method that following Cotton Gossypii control salt increases production is determined according to Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land target output 2250��4500kg/ hectare, topsoil soils fertility and salinity change conditions, Cotton Gossypii different growing regulation of fertilizer requirement, utilization rate of fertilizer and improving soil fertility demand:
Per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 9000��15000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 6000��12000kg;
Per hectare uses chemical fertilizer pure N150��300kg, P2O5120��240kg, K2O30��60kg, wherein Cotton Gossypii different times uses the ratio of planning strategies for of chemical fertilizer npk nutrient amount mass percent is base manure: flower bud is fertile: Hua Lingfei: blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%:20%:50%:10%, and fertilization mode is executed or foliage-spray for spreading fertilizer over the fields, rushing;
Using well-rotted farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer, reach Soil building salt reduction effect, chemical fertilizer respectively needs the fertile critical period to use in Cotton Gossypii to nutrient demand and can control salt damage and fertilizer damage by effective supply cotton growth, promotion cotton growth, and reaches stable yields and volume increase;
Broadcast the front desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching to pour water 1500��1800 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.2wt%; Pour water in flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period and the term of opening bolls 900��1500 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.3wt%; Above-mentioned irrigation quantity is both needed to keep topsoil soils relative water content 70%��80%, all adopts border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, and irrigation water water quality meets GB5084-2005 agricultural irrigation water quality standard.
The soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching reduces topsoil soils salinity, ensures Cotton Gossypii emergence rate and reaches that seedlings are uniform and strong, and each irrigation in growing period of Cotton Gossypii can regulate and control topsoil soils salinity and meet the Cotton Gossypii demand to moisture, promotes cotton growth, and guarantee is increased production and improved productivity;
The method that above-mentioned liquid manure is planned strategies for, is the heavy salinized of 0.6wt%��1.0wt% for Huanghe delta topsoil soils salinity;
The utilization rate situation of target output 2250��4500kg/ hectare of Cotton Gossypii, region, Huanghe delta practical basis soil fertility and saline and alkaline situation and fertilizer that present invention is primarily based on determines above-mentioned fertilizer application parameter, above-mentioned parameter scope can meet the variation of above-mentioned various situation, therefore has obvious specific aim and better adaptability;
And different times irrigation quantity and operation research method, then according to Cotton Gossypii each period of duration salt-tolerant threshold (seedling stage 0.2wt%, flower bud phase 0.3wt%, flowering and boll-setting period 0.3wt%, the term of opening bolls 0.3wt%) and law of needing the water, local this season weather rain fall, soil moisture content, critical depth of groundwater and salinity thereof and Cotton growth determine that each irrigation in growing period amount of Cotton Gossypii, the concrete moisture such as date and method of irrigating are planned strategies for parameter, scope disclosed above can meet the variation of above-mentioned various situation, therefore has obvious specific aim and better adaptability.
Above-mentioned liquid manure plan strategies for mode basis on, inventor further provides the Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing of complete set, and step is as follows:
(1) wholelyly and washing salinity by irrigation: arrange bar field: bar field width 20��30 meters, length 200��500 meters, dig around bar field and build salt discharge row's alkali ditch, ditch depth 1.5 meters, 2��3 meters suitable for reading, bottom width 0.5��1 meter;After straw-returning, rotary tillage leveling, broadcasts first 25��30 days, 1500��1800 sides that pour water/hectare, controls topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.2wt%, and soil relative water content is 70%��80%, carries out the soil plough horizon desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, control salt, soil moisture conservation, water supply;
(2) improve the soil fertilising and sow: per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 9000��15000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 6000��12000kg; Spread fertilizer over the fields n p k fertilizer simultaneously, be scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N30��60kg, P2O524��48kg, K2O6��12kg, as base manure, rotary tillage twice, deep 3��5cm, carries out improving soil fertility, is undertaken sowing by prior art afterwards, overlay film, puts Seedling;
(3) the flower bud phase topdresses control salt of pouring water: at cotton bud stage, pour water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900��1500 sides/hectare, first irrigated for 1/2 current period and pours water piezometric salt, controls topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.3wt%; Fill residue 1/2 current period irrigation quantity again and spread fertilizer over the fields or rush Shi Leifei with water: being scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N30��60kg, P2O524��48kg, K2O6��12kg, carries out topsoil soils pressure salt control salt, water supply fertilizer, ensures that Cotton Gossypii is by nourishing and growing to nutrient and moisture needed for reproductive growth transition;
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water: at Cotton Gossypii flowering and boll-setting period, pour water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900��1500 sides/hectare, first irrigated for 1/2 current period and pours water piezometric salt, controls topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.3wt%; Fill residue 1/2 current period irrigation quantity again and spread fertilizer over the fields or execute Hua Lingfei with water punching: being scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N75��150kg, P2O560��120kg, K2O15��30kg, carries out topsoil soils pressure salt control salt, water supply fertilizer, promotes cotton growth;
(5) topdress the term of opening bolls control salt of pouring water: at the cotton boll blowing initial stage, pour water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900��1500 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.3wt%, and spread fertilizer over the fields or execute with water punching or foliage-spray blow-of-cottons fertilizer, blow-of-cottons fertilizer consumption: be scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N15��30kg, P2O512��24kg, K2O3��6kg, controls topsoil soils salinity, it is prevented that affecting cotton root system and absorb nutrient and moisture, guarantee Cotton Gossypii in the term of opening bolls is to nutrient and water demand, and strong sprout is increased production;
In addition, each period of duration field management of Cotton Gossypii and change control, results etc. are all undertaken by prior art.
By above-mentioned many improvement, the Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land plantation demand to topsoil soils salinity, moisture and nutrient can be met, it is achieved Cotton Gossypii control salt increases production and improves productivity, and can make per hectare Yield Increase In Cotton more than 20%, potentiation more than 10%.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:
(1) present invention interaction relationship according to heavy salinized ground, Huanghe delta liquid manure salt, use liquid manure operation research method to carry out control salt and adjust salt, water supply fertilizer, volume increase of keeping a full stand of seedings, method is gently simple, is suitable to Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land growing area large scale application.
(2) dose of the present invention and irrigation quantity need fertile law of needing the water to formulate all in accordance with Cotton Gossypii target output, actual soil fertility and the saline and alkaline situation of topsoil soils and Cotton Gossypii, the pointed and suitability and Tree Precise Fertilization is poured water, the advantage of water-saving fertilizer-saving.
(3) fertilizer of the present invention and moisture operation research method are to need fertile law of needing the water according to each period of duration of Cotton Gossypii and need water salt-tolerant threshold, use move after fertilizer, the principle of accurate liquid manure and water-fertilizer integral carries out formulating, by application of organic fertilizers and reasonable arrange-ment liquid manure, there is Soil building, control salt is kept a full stand of seedings, the advantage of adjusting salt growth promoting, water supply fertilizer, strong sprout to increase production.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention is directed to that heavy salinized ground, Huanghe delta evaporation capacity is big, the few fertilizer of the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, hydropenia, the production difficult problems such as that Cotton Gossypii emerges is poor, growth is poor, yield poorly, liquid manure control salt method for increasing of planning strategies for is used to carry out improving soil fertility, adjust salt control salt and water supply fertilizer, it is possible to reach to control the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, ensure Cotton Gossypii and emerge and grow, improving the effect of yield and cost-saving synergistic.
(2) dose of the present invention and operation research method, can meet the Cotton Gossypii different growing demand to nutrient, can reduce again the risk of Salt Strees Condition, it is ensured that emergence rate, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuan, promotes cotton growth, ensures that it increases production and improves productivity.
(3) irrigation quantity of the present invention and operation research method, can not only meet the Cotton Gossypii different growing demand to moisture, can dilute again topsoil soils salt concentration, keeps cotton root system activity, promotes cotton growth, reaches the purpose of volume increase in strong sprout.
(4) present invention has the advantages that water-saving fertilizer-saving, the suitability are strong, simple, easy to spread, and in region, the Huanghe delta, cotton in severe saline-alkali land growing area spread has significant economy, ecology and social benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing,
Experiment plot: Zhanhua County village, Accessories during Binzhou, Shandong Province, its soil be soil salt content 0.6wt%��1.0wt% heavy salinizedly.
Liquid manure is planned strategies for mode:
Fertilizer amount and operation research method thereof: according to the target output 3000kg/ hectare of Cotton Gossypii, region, Huanghe delta topsoil soils practical basis soil fertility (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 36.32mg/kg, organic 6.06g/kg, available phosphorus 4.21mg/kg, available potassium 228.40mg/kg) and the utilization rate situation of total salt content 0.80% and fertilizer, determine that rate of fertilizer is that per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields organic commercial fertilizer (clear big science and technology fertilizer: Shandong Binzhou Qingda Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic >=45%, N P and K >=5%; Or standing grain letter biological active organic fertilizer: Weifang and letter bio tech ltd produce, organic >=45%, N P and K >=5%) 10000kg; Per hectare uses chemical fertilizer pure N150kg, P2O5120kg, K2O30kg, planning strategies for of chemical fertilizer carries out according to the principle moved with water-fertilizer integral after fertilizer, the ratio of planning strategies for of total npk nutrient amount mass percent to fertilize is according to base manure (seed manure): flower bud is fertile: Hua Lingfei: blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%:20%:50%:10% uses, base manure for spreading fertilizer over the fields, flower bud fertilizer row replacement, flower bell fertilizer punching execute, the term of opening bolls, punching was executed or foliage-spray.
Irrigation quantity and Fundamental rules of OR and method: according to each period of duration salt-tolerant threshold of Cotton Gossypii and law of needing the water, this season weather rain fall, soil moisture content and Cotton growth, determine that pour water 1800 sides/hectare of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching control below soil salt 0.2wt%, 900��1500 sides/hectare of pouring water after fertilising in flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period and the term of opening bolls controls below soil salt 0.3wt%, all keep relative water content 70%��80%, all adopting border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, irrigation water water quality meets GB5084-2005 agricultural irrigation water quality standard.
Concrete Cotton Gossypii control salt method for increasing step is as follows:
(1) wholelyly and washing salinity by irrigation: build bar field, bar field width 20��30 meters, length 200��500 meters, salt discharge row's alkali ditch around bar field, is dug, ditch depth 1.5 meters, 2��3 meters suitable for reading, bottom width 0.5��1 meter; After straw-returning, rotary tillage leveling, broadcasts first 30 days, and 1800 sides that pour water/hectare controls soil salt lower than 0.2wt%.
(2) improve the soil fertilising and sow: per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields organic commercial fertilizer 10000kg (clear big science and technology fertilizer: Shandong Binzhou Qingda Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic >=45%, N P and K >=5%), spread fertilizer over the fields 20% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N30kg, P to fertilize2O524kg, K2O6kg), all as base manure, rotary tillage (deep 5cm) twice, undertaken sowing (Shandong cotton 11), overlay film, putting Seedling by prior art on April 25th, 2014.
(3) the flower bud phase topdresses control salt of pouring water: location weather high temperature and drought, average rainfall is 13.2mm only, determine border irrigation 1500 sides/hectare, first pour water 750 sides/hectare, irrigate residue 750 sides/hectare water subsequently and execute 20% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N30kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O524kg, K2O6kg), topsoil soils salinity is controlled lower than 0.3wt%.
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water: Cotton Gossypii flowering and boll-setting period, border irrigation 1500 sides/hectare is determined according to weather, first irrigate 1/2 current period irrigation quantity, irrigate residue 1/2 current period irrigation quantity subsequently and execute 50% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N75kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O560kg, K2O15kg), topsoil soils salinity is controlled lower than below 0.3wt%.
(5) topdress the term of opening bolls control salt of pouring water: the cotton boll blowing initial stage, according to climatic condition, border irrigation 1200 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity lower than below 0.3%wt, and execute 10% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N15kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O512kg, K2O3kg)��
(6) breeding period administration and results: carry out by prior art in good time period of duration including of field management control, training pinch, insect protected, results; Survey and produce average out to 3282.40kg/ hectare, field 2539.25kg/ hectare volume increase 29.27% is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting, field cost-saving synergistic 12.22% is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting, topsoil soils salt content reduces 80.81%, the soil weight reduces 11.11%, and soil aggregate content improves 20.10%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing,
Experiment plot: Wudi County village, Accessories during Binzhou, Shandong Province, its soil be soil salt content 0.6wt%��1.0wt% heavy salinizedly.
Liquid manure is planned strategies for mode:
Fertilizer amount and operation research method thereof: according to the target output 3500kg/ hectare of Cotton Gossypii, region, Huanghe delta topsoil soils practical basis soil fertility (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 48.19mg/kg, organic 4.73g/kg, available phosphorus 7.55mg/kg, available potassium 297.21mg/kg) and the utilization rate situation of total salt content 0.72% and fertilizer, determine that rate of fertilizer is that per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields organic commercial fertilizer 10000kg (clear big science and technology fertilizer: Shandong Binzhou Qingda Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic >=45%, N P and K >=5%; Or standing grain letter biological active organic fertilizer: Weifang and letter bio tech ltd produce, organic >=45%, N P and K >=5%); Per hectare uses chemical fertilizer pure N200kg, P2O5160kg, K2O40kg, planning strategies for of chemical fertilizer carries out according to the principle moved with water-fertilizer integral after fertilizer, the ratio of planning strategies for of total npk nutrient amount mass percent to fertilize is according to base manure (seed manure): flower bud is fertile: Hua Lingfei: blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%:20%:50%:10% uses, base manure for spreading fertilizer over the fields, flower bud fertilizer row replacement, flower bell fertilizer punching execute, the term of opening bolls, punching was executed or foliage-spray.
Irrigation quantity and Fundamental rules of OR and method: according to each period of duration salt-tolerant threshold of Cotton Gossypii and law of needing the water, this season weather rain fall, soil moisture content and Cotton growth, determine that pour water 1800 sides/hectare of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching control below soil salt 0.2wt%, 900��1500 sides/hectare of pouring water after fertilising in flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period and the term of opening bolls controls below soil salt 0.3wt%, all keep relative water content 70%��80%, all adopting border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, irrigation water water quality meets GB5084-2005 agricultural irrigation water quality standard.
Concrete Cotton Gossypii control salt method for increasing step is as follows:
(1) wholelyly and washing salinity by irrigation: build bar field, bar field width 20��30 meters, length 200��500 meters, salt discharge row's alkali ditch around bar field, is dug, ditch depth 1.5 meters, 2��3 meters suitable for reading, bottom width 0.5��1 meter; After straw-returning, rotary tillage leveling, broadcasts first 30 days, and 1800 sides that pour water/hectare controls soil salt lower than 0.2%.
(2) improve the soil fertilising and sow: per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields organic commercial fertilizer 10000kg (standing grain letter biological active organic fertilizer: Weifang and letter bio tech ltd produce, organic >=45%, N P and K >=5%), spread fertilizer over the fields 20% total amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N40kg, P to fertilize2O532kg, K2O8kg), all as base manure, rotary tillage (deep 5cm) twice, undertaken sowing (Shandong cotton 11), overlay film, putting Seedling by prior art on April 25th, 2014.
(3) the flower bud phase topdresses control salt of pouring water: location weather high temperature and drought, average rainfall is 13.2mm only, determine border irrigation 1500 sides/hectare, first irrigate 750 sides/hectare, irrigate residue 750 sides/hectare subsequently and execute 20% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N40kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O532kg, K2O8kg), topsoil soils salinity is controlled lower than 0.3wt%.
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water: Cotton Gossypii flowering and boll-setting period, border irrigation 1200 sides/hectare water is determined according to weather, first irrigate 1/2 current period irrigation quantity, irrigate residue 1/2 current period irrigation quantity subsequently and execute 50% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N100kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O580kg, K2O20kg), topsoil soils salinity is controlled lower than below 0.3wt%.
(5) topdress the term of opening bolls control salt of pouring water: the cotton boll blowing initial stage, according to climatic condition, border irrigation 1200 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity lower than below 0.3wt%, and execute 10% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N20kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O516kg, K2O4kg)��
(6) breeding period administration and results: carry out by prior art in good time period of duration including of field management control, training pinch, insect protected, results; Survey and produce average out to 3987.67kg/ hectare, field 2962.17kg/ hectare volume increase 34.62% is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting, cost-saving synergistic 22.43% more flat than salt-soda soil general planting comparison field, topsoil soils salt content reduces 72.23%, the soil weight reduces 12.09%, and soil aggregate content improves 17.00%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing,
Experiment plot: Dongying District village of Dongying city, its soil be soil salt content 0.6wt%��1.0wt% heavy salinizedly.
Liquid manure is planned strategies for mode:
Fertilizer amount and operation research method thereof: according to the target output 4500kg/ hectare of Cotton Gossypii, region, Huanghe delta topsoil soils practical basis soil fertility (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 54.20mg/kg, organic 5.32g/kg, available phosphorus 9.03mg/kg, available potassium 319.26mg/kg) and the utilization rate situation of total salt content 0.65% and fertilizer, it is determined that rate of fertilizer is that per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 15000kg; Per hectare uses chemical fertilizer pure N300kg, P2O5240kg, K2O60kg, planning strategies for of chemical fertilizer carries out according to the principle moved with water-fertilizer integral after fertilizer, the ratio of planning strategies for of total npk nutrient amount mass percent to fertilize is according to base manure (seed manure): flower bud is fertile: Hua Lingfei: blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%:20%:50%:10% uses, base manure for spreading fertilizer over the fields, flower bud fertilizer row replacement, flower bell fertilizer punching execute, the term of opening bolls, punching was executed or foliage-spray.
Irrigation quantity and Fundamental rules of OR and method: according to each period of duration salt-tolerant threshold of Cotton Gossypii and law of needing the water, this season weather rain fall, soil moisture content and Cotton growth, determine that pour water 1800 sides/hectare of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching control below soil salt 0.2wt%, 900��1500 sides/hectare of pouring water after fertilising in flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period and the term of opening bolls controls below soil salt 0.3wt%, all keep relative water content 70%��80%, all adopting border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode, irrigation water water quality meets GB5084-2005 agricultural irrigation water quality standard.
Concrete Cotton Gossypii control salt method for increasing step is as follows:
(1) wholelyly and washing salinity by irrigation: build bar field, bar field width 20��30 meters, length 200��500 meters, salt discharge row's alkali ditch around bar field, is dug, ditch depth 1.5 meters, 2��3 meters suitable for reading, bottom width 0.5��1.0 meter; After straw-returning, rotary tillage leveling, broadcasts first 30 days, and 1800 sides that pour water/hectare controls soil salt lower than 0.2wt%.
(2) improve the soil fertilising and sow: per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 15000kg, spreading fertilizer over the fields 20% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N60kg, P to fertilize2O548kg, K2O12kg), all as base manure, rotary tillage (deep 5cm) twice, undertaken sowing (Shandong cotton 11), overlay film, putting Seedling by prior art on April 29th, 2014.
(3) the flower bud phase topdresses control salt of pouring water: location weather high temperature and drought, determine border irrigation 1500 sides/hectare water, first pour water 750 sides/hectare, irrigate residue 750 sides/hectare water subsequently and also execute 20% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N60kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O548kg, K2O12kg), topsoil soils salinity is controlled lower than 0.3wt%.
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water: Cotton Gossypii flowering and boll-setting period, border irrigation 1200 sides/hectare water is determined according to weather, first irrigate 1/2 current period irrigation quantity, irrigate residue 1/2 current period irrigation quantity subsequently and execute 50% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N150kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O5120kg, K2O30kg), topsoil soils salinity is controlled lower than below 0.3wt%.
(5) topdress the term of opening bolls control salt of pouring water: the cotton boll blowing initial stage, according to climatic condition, border irrigation 1000 sides/hectare water, control topsoil soils salinity lower than below 0.3wt%, and execute 10% total npk nutrient amount (per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N30kg, P to fertilize with water punching2O524kg, K2O6kg)��
(6) breeding period administration and results: carry out by prior art in good time period of duration including of field management control, training pinch, insect protected, results; Survey and produce average out to 4409.50kg/ hectare, field 3201.41kg/ hectare volume increase 37.74% is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting, field cost-saving synergistic 42.42% is compareed than salt-soda soil general planting, topsoil soils salt content reduces 75.65%, the soil weight reduces 13.42%, and soil aggregate content improves 16.70%.
Claims (5)
1. a Huanghe delta cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, it is characterised in that: adopt the mode that liquid manure is planned strategies for:
Per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 9000��15000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 6000��12000kg;
Per hectare uses chemical fertilizer pure N150��300kg, P2O5120��240kg, K2O30��60kg, wherein Cotton Gossypii different times uses the ratio of planning strategies for of chemical fertilizer npk nutrient amount mass percent is base manure: flower bud is fertile: Hua Lingfei: blow-of-cottons fertilizer=20%:20%:50%:10%, and fertilization mode is executed or foliage-spray for spreading fertilizer over the fields, rushing;
Broadcast the front desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching to pour water 1500��1800 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.2wt%; Pour water in flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period and the term of opening bolls 900��1500 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.3wt%; Above-mentioned irrigation quantity is both needed to keep topsoil soils relative water content 70%��80%, all adopts border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode.
2. the Huanghe delta according to claim 1 cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, it is characterised in that: heavy salinized ground, described Huanghe delta salinity is 0.6wt%��1.0wt%.
3. the Huanghe delta according to claim 1 cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
(1) wholelyly and washing salinity by irrigation: arrange bar field;After straw-returning, rotary tillage leveling, broadcasts first 25��30 days, 1500��1800 sides that pour water/hectare, controls topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.2wt%, and soil relative water content is 70%��80%, carries out the soil plough horizon desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, control salt, soil moisture conservation, water supply;
(2) improve the soil fertilising and sow: per hectare spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer 9000��15000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 6000��12000kg; Spread fertilizer over the fields n p k fertilizer: be scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N30��60kg, P simultaneously2O524��48kg, K2O6��12kg, as base manure, rotary tillage twice, deep 3��5cm, carries out improving soil fertility, is undertaken sowing by prior art afterwards, overlay film, puts Seedling;
(3) the flower bud phase topdresses control salt of pouring water: at cotton bud stage, pour water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900��1500 sides/hectare, first irrigated for 1/2 current period and pours water piezometric salt, controls topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.3wt%; Fill residue 1/2 current period irrigation quantity again and spread fertilizer over the fields or rush Shi Leifei with water: being scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N30��60kg, P2O524��48kg, K2O6��12kg;
(4) flowering and boll-setting period topdresses control salt of pouring water: at Cotton Gossypii flowering and boll-setting period, pour water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900��1500 sides/hectare, first irrigated for 1/2 current period and pours water piezometric salt, controls topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.3wt%; Fill residue 1/2 current period irrigation quantity again and spread fertilizer over the fields or execute Hua Lingfei with water punching: being scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N75��150kg, P2O560��120kg, K2O15��30kg;
(5) topdress the term of opening bolls control salt of pouring water: at the cotton boll blowing initial stage, pour water in the way of border irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity 900��1500 sides/hectare, control topsoil soils salinity lower than 0.3wt%, and spread fertilizer over the fields or execute with water punching or foliage-spray blow-of-cottons fertilizer, blow-of-cottons fertilizer consumption: be scaled per hectare chemical fertilizer pure N15��30kg, P2O512��24kg, K2O3��6kg.
4. the Huanghe delta according to claim 1 cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, it is characterised in that: irrigation water water quality meets GB5084-2005 agricultural irrigation water quality standard.
5. the Huanghe delta according to claim 3 cotton in severe saline-alkali land control salt method for increasing, it is characterized in that: step (1) arranges bar field with washing salinity by irrigation wholely: bar field width 20��30 meters, length 200��500 meters, dig around bar field and build salt discharge row's alkali ditch, ditch depth 1.5 meters, 2��3 meters suitable for reading, bottom width 0.5��1 meter.
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| CN107711395A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-23 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | A kind of implantation methods for improving output of cotton |
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