CN103749121B - Sweet potato gently simplifies high-yield cultivating method in a kind of saline land - Google Patents
Sweet potato gently simplifies high-yield cultivating method in a kind of saline land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种盐碱地甘薯轻简化高产栽培方法，在盐碱地采用耐盐碱甘薯新品种济徐23，灌水压碱、深耕断碱、增施有机肥和氮肥、地膜覆盖、适时晚栽、施用腐植酸钾肥料、生根粉浸苗、前期化学调控促秧一系列技术手段，解决0.3％～0.5％的盐碱地甘薯栽培保苗难、发育迟缓、产品质量差、产量低的问题，实现中度盐碱地甘薯的高产、优质、高效的统一。采用本发明所述方法，与传统栽培方法相比，普通品种的裸地和地膜覆盖栽培方法在0.30％以上的中度盐碱地很难生长，即使生长也几乎不能获得高产。本发明提供的栽培方法实现了甘薯在中度盐碱地的高产、优质生产。The invention relates to a light, simplified and high-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes in saline-alkali land. In saline-alkali land, a new saline-alkali-resistant sweet potato variety Jixu 23 is used, water is used to suppress alkali, deep plowing is used to break alkali, organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are added, film is mulched, timely planting is late, and humus is applied. Potassium acid fertilizer, soaking seedlings with rooting powder, and a series of technical measures in the early stage of chemical regulation to promote seedlings can solve the problems of difficult seedling preservation, stunting, poor product quality, and low yield in the cultivation of sweet potatoes in 0.3% to 0.5% saline-alkaline land, and realize the growth of sweet potatoes in moderate saline-alkali land. The unity of high yield, high quality and high efficiency. Using the method of the invention, compared with the traditional cultivation method, it is difficult to grow in the moderate saline-alkali soil with more than 0.30% in the bare land and plastic film covering cultivation methods of common varieties, even if it grows, it can hardly obtain high yield. The cultivation method provided by the invention realizes high-yield and high-quality production of sweet potatoes in moderate saline-alkali land.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种盐碱地甘薯轻简化高产栽培方法，属于盐碱地甘薯种植技术领域。The invention relates to a light, simplified and high-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes in saline-alkali land, and belongs to the technical field of sweet potato planting in saline-alkali land.
背景技术Background technique
据统计全世界的盐土约占陆地面积的1/4到1/3，在我国从滨海到内陆，从低地到高原都分布着不同类型的盐碱土壤。我国盐碱土的总面积约有5亿多亩，其中已开垦的有1亿多亩，还有3亿多亩盐碱地等待开发利用，黄河三角洲有大量的荒盐碱地，仅山东省东营市就有500万亩，其中60％以上属于轻中盐碱地，含盐量在0.2％～0.50％之间。According to statistics, saline soil in the world accounts for about 1/4 to 1/3 of the land area. In my country, different types of saline-alkali soils are distributed from coastal to inland, from lowland to plateau. The total area of saline-alkali soil in my country is about 500 million mu, of which more than 100 million mu has been reclaimed, and more than 300 million mu of saline-alkali land is waiting to be developed and utilized. There are a large number of barren saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta, and Dongying City, Shandong Province alone has 500 10,000 mu, of which more than 60% belong to light and medium saline-alkali land, with a salt content between 0.2% and 0.50%.
甘薯是我国重要的经济作物、饲料作物和能源作物，在我国种植面积仅次于水稻、小麦和玉米，随着社会经济的发展，甘薯作为经济作物和能源作物的作用越来越突出，但是甘薯是不耐盐碱的作物，虽然品种间耐盐性存在差异，但多数不耐盐品种在含盐量高于0.30％的土壤中不能正常生长甚至死亡。Sweet potato is an important economic crop, feed crop and energy crop in my country. The planting area in China is second only to rice, wheat and corn. With the development of society and economy, the role of sweet potato as an economic crop and energy crop is becoming more and more prominent. It is a salt-intolerant crop. Although there are differences in salt tolerance among varieties, most of the salt-intolerant varieties cannot grow normally or even die in soil with a salt content higher than 0.30%.
目前盐碱地甘薯生产主要途径就是先进行盐碱地改良后再进行甘薯种植，盐碱地改良的方法有很多，如利用灌水冲压盐碱，种植耐盐碱作物降低盐碱度，大量使用农家肥、利用盐碱改良剂等，这些方法主要的缺点就是改良效果慢，并且成本很高。At present, the main way to produce sweet potatoes in saline-alkali land is to improve saline-alkali land before planting sweet potatoes. There are many methods for saline-alkali land improvement, such as using irrigation to pressurize saline-alkali, planting saline-alkali-tolerant crops to reduce salinity, using a large amount of farmyard manure, and using saline-alkali improvement The main disadvantage of these methods is that the improvement effect is slow and the cost is very high.
目前的甘薯栽培主要模式为：(1)施肥。一般以磷钾肥为主，每亩用硫酸钾15～20公斤左右，少施或基本不用N肥。(2)起垄。薯苗栽插前7～10天起垄，个别种植户根据土壤墒情甚至提前1个月起垄。(3)适时早栽。为获得高产，山东一般在断霜后栽插，多集中在5月1日前后。但是在盐碱地条件下，上述模式存在的主要问题为：(1)过早起垄导致盐碱上移。起垄后随着水分蒸发，土壤盐碱通过土壤毛细管快速上升到垄面，土壤盐分上升影响薯苗成活率和中后期生长。(2)盐碱条件下甘薯生长缓慢，土壤缺N会更加影响甘薯茎叶生长速度，地上部生长量不足导致土壤蒸发量加大，盐分上移后抑制生长；(3)盐碱土壤升温慢，过早栽插土壤温度低不利于甘薯发根缓苗。(4)露地裸栽土壤水分蒸发量大，盐碱上移，不利于甘薯生长。The current main modes of sweet potato cultivation are: (1) fertilization. Generally, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and about 15-20 kilograms of potassium sulfate is used per mu, and less or no N fertilizer is applied. (2) Ridging. Potato seedlings should be ridden 7-10 days before planting, and individual growers may even do so one month in advance according to soil moisture. (3) Plant early and timely. In order to obtain high yields, Shandong plants are generally planted after the frost breaks, mostly around May 1st. However, under the condition of saline-alkali land, the main problems of the above-mentioned model are: (1) Premature ridging leads to upward shift of salinity. After ridge formation, as water evaporates, soil salinity quickly rises to the ridge surface through soil capillaries, and the increase in soil salinity affects the survival rate of potato seedlings and the growth in the middle and late stages. (2) Sweet potato grows slowly under saline-alkali conditions, and soil N deficiency will further affect the growth rate of sweet potato stems and leaves. Insufficient growth of aboveground parts will lead to increased soil evaporation, and growth will be inhibited after the salt content moves upward; (3) Saline-alkaline soil will heat up slowly , Premature planting and low soil temperature are not conducive to sweet potato rooting and slow seedling growth. (4) The evaporation of soil water in bare planting in the open field is large, and the salinity moves upward, which is not conducive to the growth of sweet potatoes.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供以济徐23为代表的耐盐碱品种，配合使用盐碱地甘薯轻简化高产栽培技术，能在含盐量0.3～0.5％的土壤中正常生长，且获得高产，解决了传统栽培模式下，甘薯苗期缺苗断垄，中期生长缓慢，减产严重的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a saline-alkali-resistant variety represented by Jixu 23, which can grow normally in soil with a salt content of 0.3-0.5% and obtain high yield by using the light-simplified high-yield cultivation technology of saline-alkali sweet potato, which solves the problem of traditional Under the cultivation mode, sweet potato lacks seedlings and breaks ridges at the seedling stage, grows slowly in the middle stage, and seriously reduces production.
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.
一种盐碱地甘薯轻简化高产栽培方法，在盐碱地采用耐盐碱甘薯新品种济徐23，灌水压碱、深耕断碱、增施有机肥和氮肥、地膜覆盖、适时晚栽、施用腐植酸钾肥料、生根粉浸苗、前期化学调控促秧一系列技术手段，解决在0.3％～0.5％的盐碱地甘薯栽培保苗难、发育迟缓、产品质量差、产量低的问题，实现中度盐碱地甘薯的高产、优质、高效的统一。具体来说包括以下步骤：A light, simplified and high-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes in saline-alkali land. In saline-alkali land, a new saline-alkali-resistant sweet potato variety Jixu 23 is used, water is used to suppress alkali, deep plowing is used to eliminate alkali, organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are added, plastic film is mulched, planting is timely and late, and potassium humate fertilizer is applied. , soaking seedlings with rooting powder, and a series of technical means to promote seedlings through chemical regulation in the early stage solve the problems of difficult seedling preservation, stunting, poor product quality, and low yield in sweet potato cultivation in 0.3% to 0.5% saline-alkali land, and realize high-yield, High quality and efficient unity. Specifically, it includes the following steps:
(1)选用耐盐甘薯新品种济徐23：该品种为山东省农业科学院作物研究所和徐州甘薯研究中心合作育成，2010年通过山东省品种审定委员会审定通过。该品种茎蔓生长势中等，分枝数中等。皮色紫红，肉色洁白。突出特点：耐盐、耐涝、抗旱、高产、淀粉含量高，丘陵旱薄地春薯淀粉率在23～25％，烘干率和淀粉率比徐薯18高2个百分点左右，薯干平整洁白，淀粉白度高，高抗甘薯根腐病，中抗茎线虫病，黑斑病抗性较弱。平原肥地种植鲜薯产量仍可达2500～3000kg。黄河三角洲盐碱地种植，鲜薯亩产2656.6kg，薯干亩产777.04kg。该品种是平原地区、黄河三角洲地区加工生产淀粉、薯干的理想品种。(1) A new salt-tolerant sweet potato variety Jixu 23 was selected: this variety was jointly bred by the Crop Research Institute of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center, and was approved by the Shandong Provincial Variety Approval Committee in 2010. The vines of this variety have medium growth vigor and medium number of branches. The skin color is purple, and the flesh color is white. Outstanding features: salt tolerance, waterlogging tolerance, drought resistance, high yield, high starch content, the starch rate of spring potatoes in hilly and dry land is 23-25%, the drying rate and starch rate are about 2 percentage points higher than Xushu 18, and the dried potatoes are flat and white , high starch whiteness, high resistance to sweet potato root rot, medium resistance to stem nematode, and weak resistance to black spot. The yield of fresh potatoes planted in plain fertile land can still reach 2500-3000kg. Planted in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta, the yield of fresh potatoes is 2656.6kg per mu, and the yield of dried potatoes is 777.04kg per mu. This variety is an ideal variety for the processing and production of starch and dried potatoes in the plains and the Yellow River Delta.
(2)灌水压碱：栽前7～10天，用淡水对盐碱地进行浇灌，使耕层土壤在浸泡条件下保持24h，将盐碱压到耕层以下。(2) Irrigation to suppress alkali: 7 to 10 days before planting, irrigate the saline-alkali land with fresh water, keep the plow layer soil under soaking conditions for 24 hours, and press the salinity below the plow layer.
(3)增施有机肥和氮肥：当土壤表面淹灌水分自然下渗后，地面能进行田间操作条件下，撒施腐熟的农家肥6～8m3/666.7m2、尿素15～20kg/666.7m2。(3) Increase the application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer: when the soil surface is submerged and the water infiltrates naturally, and the ground can be used for field operations, spread 6~8m 3 /666.7m 2 of decomposed farmyard manure and 15~20kg/666.7m of urea m 2 .
(4)深耕断碱：在施肥后对田地进行深翻，深度为30～35cm，破坏土壤毛细管，减少土壤水分的蒸发，降低土壤盐碱向耕层的渗透。(4) Deep plowing for alkali removal: Deep plow the field after fertilization, with a depth of 30-35cm, to destroy the soil capillary, reduce the evaporation of soil water, and reduce the penetration of soil salinity into the plow layer.
(5)起垄、覆膜：深翻后进行平整、起垄，垄宽85～95cm，垄高25～30cm，垄面宽20～30cm。起垄后立即用塑料薄膜覆盖垄表面，以减少土壤水分蒸发和盐分上移，并在膜下铺设滴灌带。(5) Ridging and film covering: After deep plowing, leveling and ridges are performed, with a ridge width of 85-95 cm, a ridge height of 25-30 cm, and a ridge surface width of 20-30 cm. Immediately after ridge formation, cover the ridge surface with a plastic film to reduce soil moisture evaporation and salt upward movement, and lay a drip irrigation belt under the film.
(6)适时晚栽：盐碱土壤升温慢，影响薯苗成活率，因此盐碱地甘薯适宜栽插时间为5月10日左右，此时土壤温度高，有利于甘薯发根缓苗。(6) Timely and late planting: Saline-alkali soil heats up slowly, which affects the survival rate of potato seedlings. Therefore, the suitable time for planting sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil is around May 10. At this time, the soil temperature is high, which is conducive to the rooting and slowing down of sweet potato seedlings.
(7)施用腐植酸钾肥料：栽插前破垄施入腐殖酸钾40～50kg/666.7m2，所述腐殖酸钾中氮：磷：钾的比例为8∶8∶20，腐植酸的含量为5％，提高盐碱地甘薯的产量和品质。(7) Applying potassium humate fertilizer: 40-50kg/666.7m 2 of potassium humate is applied in broken ridges before planting. The ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium in the potassium humate is 8:8:20. The content of acid is 5%, which can improve the yield and quality of sweet potato in saline-alkali land.
(8)生根粉蘸根：利用生根粉进行蘸根，提高甘薯在盐碱地的栽插成活率，成活率提高20％左右。(8) Dipping roots with rooting powder: use rooting powder to dip roots to improve the survival rate of sweet potato planting in saline-alkali land, and the survival rate is increased by about 20%.
(9)扦插：在薯苗蘸根后进行栽插，每垄栽插1行，株距为23～28cm，栽插时注意尽量减少对地膜的破坏，扦插后及时覆土封住扦插口。(9) Cutting: After the potato seedlings are dipped in their roots, they are planted. Plant one row per ridge with a plant spacing of 23 to 28 cm. When planting, pay attention to minimizing damage to the plastic film, and cover the cuttings with soil in time to seal the cuttings.
(10)膜下滴灌：扦插后，利用已经铺设的滴灌带进行膜下滴灌，保证秧苗成活，缓苗后20天浇一次水，15天后再浇一次水，此后每隔10天浇水一次，直到收获，全生育期灌水量360方/666.7m2。(10) Under-film drip irrigation: after the cuttings, use the laid drip irrigation belt to carry out under-film drip irrigation to ensure the survival of the seedlings. After slowing down the seedlings, water once in 20 days, and then water again after 15 days, and then water once every 10 days. Until the harvest, the irrigation volume in the whole growth period is 360 cubic meters/666.7m 2 .
(11)化控促秧：栽后20～30天，用浓度为30～50mg/L己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯(DA～6)进行叶面喷施，每666.7m2喷施30kg，促进甘薯地上部的生长，增加光合面积，为高产打下基础。(11) Chemical control to promote seedlings: 20-30 days after planting, spray 30kg per 666.7m2 with a concentration of 30-50mg/L diethylaminoethanol hexanoate (DA- 6 ) to promote The growth of the aboveground part of sweet potato increases the photosynthetic area and lays the foundation for high yield.
该发明的有益效果在于：通过淹灌可以使耕层土壤中的盐分降低，通过增施有机肥可以增加土壤肥力和微生物群落，通过增施氮肥可以提高甘薯地上部的生长，提高甘薯的耐盐碱能力，减少土壤中的盐碱度；起垄、覆膜、膜下滴灌可以使垄上盐分进一步淋洗、减少蒸发、消除盐分的表聚性，采用耐盐碱甘薯品种能提高甘薯在盐碱地的生存几率，采用扦插方式可以减小对膜的破环、减少蒸发、消除盐分的表聚性，从而实现在滨海重盐碱地甘薯高产。The beneficial effects of the invention are: the salinity in the soil of the plow layer can be reduced by flood irrigation, the soil fertility and microbial community can be increased by increasing the application of organic fertilizer, the growth of the aboveground part of sweet potato can be improved by increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the salt tolerance of sweet potato can be improved. Alkali ability, reduce the salinity in the soil; Ridging, mulching, and drip irrigation under the mulch can further wash the salt on the ridge, reduce evaporation, and eliminate the surface aggregation of salt. The use of cuttings can reduce the damage to the membrane, reduce evaporation, and eliminate the surface aggregation of salt, so as to achieve high yields of sweet potatoes in heavy saline-alkali coastal areas.
采用本发明所述方法，与传统栽培方法相比，普通品种的裸地和地膜覆盖栽培方法在0.30％以上的中度盐碱地很难生长，即使生长也几乎不能获得高产。本发明提供的栽培方法实现了甘薯在中度盐碱地的高产、优质生产。Using the method of the invention, compared with the traditional cultivation method, it is difficult to grow in the moderate saline-alkali soil with more than 0.30% in the bare land and plastic film covering cultivation methods of common varieties, even if it grows, it can hardly obtain high yield. The cultivation method provided by the invention realizes high-yield and high-quality production of sweet potatoes in moderate saline-alkali land.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述，以便更好的理解本发明。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with examples, so as to better understand the present invention.
实施例Example
一种盐碱地甘薯轻简化高产栽培方法，在盐碱地采用耐盐碱甘薯新品种济徐23，灌水压碱、深耕断碱、增施有机肥和氮肥、地膜覆盖、适时晚栽、施用腐植酸钾肥料、生根粉浸苗、前期化学调控促秧一系列技术手段，解决在0.3％～0.5％的盐碱地甘薯栽培保苗难、发育迟缓、产品质量差、产量低的问题，实现中度盐碱地甘薯的高产、优质、高效的统一。具体来说包括以下步骤：A light, simplified and high-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes in saline-alkali land. In saline-alkali land, a new saline-alkali-resistant sweet potato variety Jixu 23 is used, water is used to suppress alkali, deep plowing is used to eliminate alkali, organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are added, plastic film is mulched, planting is timely and late, and potassium humate fertilizer is applied. , soaking seedlings with rooting powder, and a series of technical means to promote seedlings through chemical regulation in the early stage solve the problems of difficult seedling preservation, stunting, poor product quality, and low yield in sweet potato cultivation in 0.3% to 0.5% saline-alkali land, and realize high-yield, High quality and efficient unity. Specifically, it includes the following steps:
(1)选用耐盐甘薯新品种济徐23：该品种为山东省农业科学院作物研究所和徐州甘薯研究中心合作育成，2010年通过山东省品种审定委员会审定通过。该品种茎蔓生长势中等，分枝数中等。皮色紫红，肉色洁白。突出特点：耐盐、耐涝、抗旱、高产、淀粉含量高，丘陵旱薄地春薯淀粉率在23～25％，烘干率和淀粉率比徐薯18高2个百分点左右，薯干平整洁白，淀粉白度高，高抗甘薯根腐病，中抗茎线虫病，黑斑病抗性较弱。平原肥地种植鲜薯产量仍可达2500～3000kg。黄河三角洲盐碱地种植，鲜薯亩产2656.6kg，薯干亩产777.04kg。该品种是平原地区、黄河三角洲地区加工生产淀粉、薯干的理想品种。(1) A new salt-tolerant sweet potato variety Jixu 23 was selected: this variety was jointly bred by the Crop Research Institute of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center, and was approved by the Shandong Provincial Variety Approval Committee in 2010. The vines of this variety have medium growth vigor and medium number of branches. The skin color is purple, and the flesh color is white. Outstanding features: salt tolerance, waterlogging tolerance, drought resistance, high yield, high starch content, the starch rate of spring potatoes in hilly and dry land is 23-25%, the drying rate and starch rate are about 2 percentage points higher than Xushu 18, and the dried potatoes are flat and white , high starch whiteness, high resistance to sweet potato root rot, medium resistance to stem nematode, and weak resistance to black spot. The yield of fresh potatoes planted in plain fertile land can still reach 2500-3000kg. Planted in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta, the yield of fresh potatoes is 2656.6kg per mu, and the yield of dried potatoes is 777.04kg per mu. This variety is an ideal variety for the processing and production of starch and dried potatoes in the plains and the Yellow River Delta.
(2)灌水压碱：栽前7～10天，用淡水对盐碱地进行浇灌，使耕层土壤在浸泡条件下保持24h，将盐碱压到耕层以下。(2) Irrigation to suppress alkali: 7 to 10 days before planting, irrigate the saline-alkali land with fresh water, keep the plow layer soil under soaking conditions for 24 hours, and press the salinity below the plow layer.
(3)增施有机肥和氮肥：当土壤表面淹灌水分自然下渗后，地面能进行田间操作条件下，撒施腐熟的农家肥6～8m3/666.7m2、尿素15～20kg/666.7m2。(3) Increase the application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer: when the soil surface is submerged and the water infiltrates naturally, and the ground can be used for field operations, spread 6~8m 3 /666.7m 2 of decomposed farmyard manure and 15~20kg/666.7m of urea m 2 .
(4)深耕断碱：在施肥后对田地进行深翻，深度为30～35cm，破坏土壤毛细管，减少土壤水分的蒸发，降低土壤盐碱向耕层的渗透。(4) Deep plowing for alkali removal: Deep plow the field after fertilization, with a depth of 30-35cm, to destroy the soil capillary, reduce the evaporation of soil water, and reduce the penetration of soil salinity into the plow layer.
(5)起垄、覆膜：深翻后进行平整、起垄，垄宽85～95cm，垄高25～30cm，垄面宽20～30cm。起垄后立即用塑料薄膜覆盖垄表面，以减少土壤水分蒸发和盐分上移，并在膜下铺设滴灌带。(5) Ridging and film covering: After deep plowing, leveling and ridges are performed, with a ridge width of 85-95 cm, a ridge height of 25-30 cm, and a ridge surface width of 20-30 cm. Immediately after ridge formation, cover the ridge surface with a plastic film to reduce soil moisture evaporation and salt upward movement, and lay a drip irrigation belt under the film.
(6)适时晚栽：盐碱土壤升温慢，影响薯苗成活率，因此盐碱地甘薯适宜栽插时间为5月10日左右，此时土壤温度高，有利于甘薯发根缓苗。(6) Timely and late planting: Saline-alkali soil heats up slowly, which affects the survival rate of potato seedlings. Therefore, the suitable time for planting sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil is around May 10. At this time, the soil temperature is high, which is conducive to the rooting and slowing down of sweet potato seedlings.
(7)施用腐植酸钾肥料：栽插前破垄施入腐殖酸钾40～50kg/666.7m2，所述腐殖酸钾中氮：磷：钾的比例为8∶8∶20，腐植酸的含量为5％，提高盐碱地甘薯的产量和品质。(7) Applying potassium humate fertilizer: 40-50kg/666.7m 2 of potassium humate is applied in broken ridges before planting. The ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium in the potassium humate is 8:8:20. The content of acid is 5%, which can improve the yield and quality of sweet potato in saline-alkali land.
(8)生根粉蘸根：利用生根粉进行蘸根，提高甘薯在盐碱地的栽插成活率，成活率提高20％左右。(8) Dipping roots with rooting powder: use rooting powder to dip roots to improve the survival rate of sweet potato planting in saline-alkali land, and the survival rate is increased by about 20%.
(9)扦插：在薯苗蘸根后进行栽插，每垄栽插1行，株距为23～28cm，栽插时注意尽量减少对地膜的破坏，扦插后及时覆土封住扦插口。(9) Cutting: After the potato seedlings are dipped in their roots, they are planted. Plant one row per ridge with a plant spacing of 23 to 28 cm. When planting, pay attention to minimizing damage to the plastic film, and cover the cuttings with soil in time to seal the cuttings.
(10)膜下滴灌：扦插后，利用已经铺设的滴灌带进行膜下滴灌，保证秧苗成活，缓苗后20天浇一次水，15天后再浇一次水，此后每隔10天浇水一次，直到收获，全生育期灌水量360方/666.7m2。(10) Under-film drip irrigation: after the cuttings, use the laid drip irrigation belt to carry out under-film drip irrigation to ensure the survival of the seedlings. After slowing down the seedlings, water once in 20 days, and then water again after 15 days, and then water once every 10 days. Until the harvest, the irrigation volume in the whole growth period is 360 cubic meters/666.7m 2 .
(11)化控促秧：栽后20～30天，用浓度为30～50mg/L己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯(DA～6)进行叶面喷施，每666.7m2喷施30kg，促进甘薯地上部的生长，增加光合面积，为高产打下基础。(11) Chemical control to promote seedlings: 20-30 days after planting, spray 30kg per 666.7m2 with a concentration of 30-50mg/L diethylaminoethanol hexanoate (DA- 6 ) to promote The growth of the aboveground part of sweet potato increases the photosynthetic area and lays the foundation for high yield.
2012年在黄河三角洲东营青坨农场利用本发明和传统栽培技术栽培耐盐碱品种济徐23和不耐盐碱的品种济薯22做甘薯耐盐碱试验，结果见表1，实验结果表明利用本发明栽培的济徐23亩产量达到2650.5公斤，而用传统地膜覆盖和传统露地栽培技术种植的济徐23产量分别是1872.5公斤和1429.6公斤，本发明分别比这两种方法增产28.82％和45.65％；利用本发明种植的不耐盐碱品种济薯22的产量严重降低，但是利用传统方法栽插的济薯22产量更低，分别比本发明产量降低44.14％和74.36％。试验结果证明，与传统方法相比，在中度盐碱地条件下，利用本发明的技术都能明显增加甘薯的产量。In 2012, the salt-alkali-tolerant variety Jixu 23 and the saline-alkali-resistant variety Jishu 22 were cultivated by the present invention and traditional cultivation techniques at Qingtuo Farm in Dongying, Yellow River Delta to do a salt-alkali tolerance test of sweet potatoes. The results are shown in Table 1. The experimental results show that using The yield of Jixu 23 mu cultivated by the present invention reaches 2650.5 kilograms, while the yields of Jixu 23 planted by traditional mulching and traditional open-field cultivation techniques are 1872.5 kilograms and 1429.6 kilograms respectively, and the present invention increases yield by 28.82% and 45.65 percent respectively compared with these two methods. %; Utilize the yield of the salt-alkali-resistant variety Jishu 22 planted by the present invention to seriously reduce, but the yield of Jishu 22 planted by traditional methods is lower, which is 44.14% and 74.36% lower than the yield of the present invention. The test result proves that, compared with the traditional method, the technology of the invention can significantly increase the yield of sweet potatoes under moderate saline-alkali land conditions.
表1不同品种不同处理在盐碱地条件下的成活率和产量(年份：2012年；盐碱度：0.33％)Table 1 Survival rate and yield of different varieties and different treatments under saline-alkali conditions (year: 2012; salinity: 0.33%)
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also considered Be the protection scope of the present invention.
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