CN114568238A - Cotton-oil intercropping seeding method and planting method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Cotton-oil intercropping seeding method and planting method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568238A CN114568238A CN202210350765.2A CN202210350765A CN114568238A CN 114568238 A CN114568238 A CN 114568238A CN 202210350765 A CN202210350765 A CN 202210350765A CN 114568238 A CN114568238 A CN 114568238A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting and cultivating of peanuts in saline-alkali soil, in particular to a cotton-oil intercropping sowing method and a planting method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the steps of sowing peanuts and cotton in a saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 0.308% in a soil layer of 0-20 cm, wherein the peanut and cotton are planted in a mode of 4: 2, a constant-amplitude cotton-oil intercropping mode, namely intercropping 4 rows of peanuts and 2 rows of cotton, wherein the occupied area is kept between 1: 1, compared with single-cropping peanuts (yield 170.5 kg/mu) in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, the yield of the peanuts is increased by 109-159 kg/mu, and the peanut/cotton ratio is 4: 2, compared with the mode of intercropping cotton and oil with equal amplitude: 1 and 6: 3, increasing the yield of the peanuts 50.76 and 31.23 kg/mu respectively, improving the risk resistance of the agricultural planting structure of the saline-alkali soil and realizing the high yield of the peanuts/cotton in the moderate or severe saline-alkali soil.
Description
The application is a divisional application of 'a cotton-oil intercropping planting method for peanut/cotton double high yield in saline-alkali soil', which has an application date of 2016, 12 and 19 months and an application number of 201611177751.6.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting and cultivating of peanuts in saline-alkali soil, in particular to a cotton-oil intercropping sowing method and a cotton-oil intercropping planting method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil.
Background
Saline-alkali soil area of 1.0X 107hm2The soil occupies 2.1 percent of the total area of the national soil and 6.2 percent of the cultivated land area, about 80 percent of the soil is not utilized yet at present, and the soil salinization seriously restricts the grain production and the agricultural sustainable development.
Peanuts are important oil crops and economic crops, peanut oil is one of the main sources of vegetable oil, and the peanuts are important in the development of agriculture and export foreign exchange in China. According to the previous statistics and research, the peanut area in China is about 8000 ten thousand mu, wherein 80% of the peanut area is distributed on dry thin land, and almost no peanuts are planted on saline-alkali land. The main reasons are that the peanuts have low salt tolerance, do not belong to salt-tolerant crops, and do not have varieties with strong salt tolerance; secondly, saline-alkali soil areas mostly mainly plant saline-alkali resistant crop cotton, the agricultural planting structure is single and weak, the labor consumption of cotton is increased, and in recent years, the cost is increased, and the price and benefit are reduced; thirdly, the peanuts are planted sporadically in the saline-alkali land, the planting area is small, the planting technology is immature, the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking caused by salt damage are prominent, the yield is low, and the quality is poor. Therefore, the method has the advantages of small production area, low technology, unstable yield, low economic benefit, social and ecological benefits, good economic benefit, light and simple management of the peanuts, and has important significance for improving the planting structure, increasing the income of farmers and guaranteeing the safety of edible oil if the planting technology of the peanuts in the saline-alkali soil can be improved and the yield of the peanuts can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cotton oil intercropping method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a cotton oil intercropping method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(a) salt pressing;
(b) ploughing and preparing the soil at proper time;
(c) fertilizing;
(d) timely sowing: the peanuts and the cotton are mixed by a mixing method comprising the following steps: 2, a constant-amplitude cotton-oil intercropping mode, namely intercropping 4 rows of peanuts and 2 rows of cotton, wherein the occupied area is kept between 1: 1;
(e) film covering: adopts a flat-planting film-covering planting mode.
The step (a) specifically comprises: leveling the land and repairing furrows before planting peanuts, irrigating fresh water to press salt, wherein the irrigation quantity is 120-160 m3And (3) keeping the ground surface with 1-2 cm of water layer for 1-2 days per mu, wherein the water content of the soil reaches the saturated water content, and the salt of the plough layer soil is leached into the deep soil along with the water to achieve the purpose of salt pressing and desalting.
And (b) ploughing and preparing soil when the water is evaporated to the soil moisture content of 70-80%.
And (c) applying 2-3 tons of farmyard manure, 40-50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.5-1.5 kg of borax and 0.5-1.5 kg of zinc sulfate to each mu of land.
The step (d) specifically comprises: cotton sowing is carried out when the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stabilized to be more than 14 ℃, a one-ridge and two-row parallel planting mode is adopted for cotton sowing, the row spacing is kept to be 70-75 cm, the hole spacing is 14-16 cm, and the row spacing between cotton and peanuts is kept to be 29-31 cm; and (3) when the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃, performing peanut sowing, wherein 4 rows of peanuts are sowed in a parallel planting mode, wherein the row spacing of the 2 rows of peanuts is kept to be 24-26 cm, and the hole spacing is 13-15 cm.
And (e) adopting a seeding row double-row covering technology to press soil in time so as to keep the film covering compactness and higher film covering quality.
The peanut and the cotton are sowed in a precision mechanical sowing mode and a mulching film covering mode together, so that the labor cost is saved, and the seed using amount is reduced.
The planting density of peanuts is kept at 1.75-2.0 ten thousand holes/mu, and the planting density of cotton is kept at 5500-6500 plants/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the equal-amplitude cotton oil intercropping planting mode adopted by the invention keeps the yield level of single cropping of cotton in the conventional mode, and the yield of peanuts is increased by 109-159 kg/mu compared with single cropping of peanuts (yield is 170.5 kg/mu) in medium and severe saline-alkali soil, wherein the yield of peanuts/cotton is 4: 2 equal-amplitude cotton-oil intercropping (namely intercropping of 2 ridges of 4 rows of peanuts and 1 ridge of 2 rows of cotton) compared with the mode of peanut/cotton 2: 1 and 6: 3, increasing the yield of the peanuts 50.76 and 31.23 kg/mu in a constant-amplitude cotton-oil intercropping planting mode, improving the risk resistance of the agricultural planting structure of the saline-alkali soil and realizing the high yield of the peanuts/the cotton in the moderate or severe saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
1 materials and methods
Setting field plot experiment, setting the salt content of soil of 0-20 cm soil layer to be 0.308%, setting different ridge rows of peanut/cotton to do flat-cropping mulching, repeating for 3 times, and randomly arranging.
Peanut/cotton 2: 1 equal-amplitude intercropping planting mode:
(1) salt for improving rock burst in spring
Before peanut planting, land leveling and fresh water irrigation salt pressing are carried out, and the irrigation quantity is 120-160 m3Per mu, keeping the ground surface with a water layer of 1-2 cm for about 2 days, and ensuring that the water content of the soil reaches the saturated water content, so that the salt content of plough layer soil is leached and infiltrated into deep soil along with water to achieve the purpose of salt pressing and desalting;
(2) timely ploughing and preparing soil: after the water is irrigated with the hydraulic pressure salt, ploughing and preparing soil when the water is evaporated to the soil moisture content of 70-80%;
(3) fertilizing: and (4) additionally applying organic fertilizers, wherein the farmyard manure is applied for about 2-3 tons per mu of land. Meanwhile, chemical fertilizers are reasonably applied, 40-50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of borax and 0.5kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu of base;
(4) timely sowing: firstly, cotton sowing is carried out when the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stabilized to be more than 14 ℃, a row of flat planting mode is adopted for cotton sowing, and the hole distance is 15-16 cm. When the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃, peanut sowing is carried out, the peanut sowing also adopts a parallel cropping mode, 2 rows of sowing are adopted, wherein the row spacing of the peanuts is kept to be 30cm, the hole spacing is 13-14 cm, the row spacing between the cotton rows and the peanuts is also kept to be 30cm, namely, the peanut/cotton intercropping planting mode of intercropping the 2 rows of peanuts and 1 row of cotton (2: 1 equal amplitude for short) is adopted, and the occupied area is kept to be 1: 1, keeping the peanut planting density at 1.45-1.65 ten thousand holes/mu, and keeping the cotton planting density at 4600-4900 plants/mu;
(5) film covering: flat-planting film mulching planting mode;
(6) timely punching and seedling releasing: when the unfolding color of the peanut cotyledons changes from yellow to green, punching and seedling releasing are carried out in time, the seedlings are tightly blocked after being released, and the seedling releasing work is preferably carried out at 9 a.m.: the application is carried out before 00 o' clock.
Example 2
1 materials and methods
Setting field plot experiment, setting soil salt content of 0.308% in 0-20 cm soil layer, setting peanut/cotton row spacing for parallel cropping and film covering, repeating for 3 times, and randomly arranging.
Peanut/cotton 4: 2, equal-amplitude intercropping planting mode:
(1) salt for improving rock burst in spring
Before peanut planting, land leveling and fresh water irrigation salt pressing are carried out, the irrigation amount is 120-160 m 3/mu, the ground surface is kept at a water layer of 1-2 cm for about 2 days, the water content of soil reaches the saturated water content, and the salt content of plough layer soil is leached into deep soil along with water and is infiltrated to achieve the purpose of salt pressing and desalting;
(2) timely ploughing and land preparation: after the water is irrigated with the hydraulic salt, ploughing and preparing soil when the water is evaporated to the soil moisture content of 70-80%;
(3) fertilizing: and (4) additionally applying organic fertilizers, wherein the farmyard manure is applied for about 2-3 tons per mu of land. Meanwhile, chemical fertilizers are reasonably applied, 40-50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of borax and 0.5kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu of base;
(4) timely sowing: firstly, cotton seeding is carried out when the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stable above 14 ℃, the cotton seeding adopts a 2-row parallel planting mode, the row spacing is 70-75 cm, the hole spacing is 14-16 cm, the row spacing between cotton and peanuts keeps 30cm, peanut seeding is carried out when the ground temperature of the 0-5 cm soil layer is stable above 15 ℃, the peanut seeding also adopts a parallel planting mode, 4 rows are sown, wherein the row spacing between the 2 rows of peanuts keeps 25cm, the hole spacing is 13-15 cm, the furrow widths of the cotton and the peanuts are kept at 100-105 cm, namely, the peanut and cotton intercropping mode adopts 4: 2, an equal-amplitude oil cotton intercropping mode, wherein the occupied area is kept 1: 1, keeping the peanut planting density at 1.75-2.0 ten thousand holes/mu, and keeping the cotton planting density at 5500-6000 plants/mu;
(5) film covering: flat-planting film mulching planting mode;
(6) timely punching and seedling releasing: when the unfolding color of the peanut cotyledons changes from yellow to green, punching and seedling releasing are carried out in time, the seedlings are tightly blocked after being released, and the seedling releasing work is preferably carried out at 9 a.m.: the application is carried out before 00 o' clock.
Example 3
1 materials and methods
Setting field plot experiment, setting soil salt content of 0.308% in 0-20 cm soil layer, setting peanut/cotton row spacing for parallel cropping and film covering, repeating for 3 times, and randomly arranging.
6 parts of peanuts/cotton: 3, equal-amplitude intercropping planting mode:
(1) salt for improving rock burst in spring
Before peanut planting, land leveling and fresh water irrigation salt pressing are carried out, the irrigation amount is 120-160 m 3/mu, the ground surface is kept at a water layer of 1-2 cm for about 2 days, the water content of soil reaches the saturated water content, and the salt content of plough layer soil is leached into deep soil along with water and is infiltrated to achieve the purpose of salt pressing and desalting;
(2) timely ploughing and preparing soil: after the water is irrigated with the hydraulic salt, ploughing and preparing soil when the water is evaporated to the soil moisture content of 70-80%;
(3) fertilizing: and (4) additionally applying organic fertilizers, wherein the farmyard manure is applied for about 2-3 tons per mu of land. Meanwhile, chemical fertilizers are reasonably applied, 40-50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of borax and 0.5kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu of base;
(4) timely sowing: firstly, cotton sowing is carried out when the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stabilized to be more than 14 ℃, and the cotton sowing adopts a 3-row parallel planting mode, wherein the row spacing is 75-77 cm, and the hole spacing is 15-16 cm. When the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃, peanut sowing is carried out, the peanut sowing also adopts a parallel cropping mode, 6 rows are sowed, wherein the row spacing of the peanuts keeps 25cm, the hole spacing is 16-18 cm, the row spacing between the cotton rows and the peanut rows also keeps 30cm, namely, a peanut/cotton equal-amplitude cropping planting mode of 6 rows of peanuts and 3 rows of cotton (6: 3 equal-amplitude for short) is adopted, and the occupied area keeps 1: 1, keeping the peanut planting density at 1.45-1.65 ten thousand holes/mu, and keeping the cotton planting density at 4600-4900 plants/mu;
(5) film covering: flat-planting film mulching planting mode;
(6) timely punching and seedling releasing: when the unfolding color of the peanut cotyledons changes from yellow to green, punching and seedling releasing are carried out in time, the seedlings are tightly blocked after being released, and the seedling releasing work is preferably carried out at 9 a.m.: before 00 o' clock.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different intercropping methods on Cotton yield
Table 1 shows that the cotton yield is kept at 157.2-188.5 kg/mu in the planting mode of equal-amplitude peanut/cotton intercropping in saline-alkali soil, and is similar to the yield of conventional flat-cropping cotton, and the reasonable peanut/cotton intercropping mode can obtain higher flower yield while keeping the cotton yield in the saline-alkali soil not reduced. The test results show that the ratio of peanut/cotton is 4: 2 and 6: 3, comparing the two equal-amplitude intercropping planting modes with that of peanut/cotton 2: 1, the yield of cotton is respectively improved by 19.9 percent and 12.5 percent under the planting mode, and the ratio of peanut/cotton is 4: 2, comparing a constant-amplitude intercropping planting mode with that of 6: 3 and 2: the cotton yield is improved in 1 two equal-amplitude intercropping planting modes.
TABLE 1 Cotton yield under different intercropping regimes
2.2 Effect of different intercropping patterns on the production of flowers
Table 2 shows that the yield of the peanut/cotton in the saline-alkali soil is similar to that of the conventional plain-cropping cotton in the planting mode of equal-amplitude peanut/cotton intercropping in the saline-alkali soil, and the reasonable intercropping mode of the peanut/cotton in the saline-alkali soil can improve the yield of the peanut while keeping the yield of the cotton in the saline-alkali soil not reduced. The test results show that the ratio of peanut/cotton is 4: 2 and 6: 3, comparing the two equal-amplitude intercropping planting modes with that of peanut/cotton 2: 1 peanut yield increase by 18.2% and 7.0% respectively under planting mode, peanut/cotton 6: 3 and 2: 1, compared with 4 parts of peanuts/cotton, two equal-amplitude intercropping planting modes are adopted: 2 the peanut yield is reduced under the planting mode.
TABLE 2 peanut yields under different intercropping regimes
3 results
In order to ensure the stable cotton yield in saline-alkali soil areas, a peanut/cotton intercropping planting mode is adopted, and the higher flower yield can be obtained while the cotton yield is not reduced. Peanut/cotton 4: 2 equal-amplitude intercropping, the cotton yield is kept at 188.5 kg/mu, while the peanut/cotton ratio is 2: 1 and 6: the peanut yield under the two planting modes is 4 compared with that of peanut/cotton: 2, the planting modes of the equal-amplitude intercropping are respectively reduced by 15.4 percent and 9.5 percent, namely the planting modes of the peanuts/cotton are that the ratio of the peanut/cotton is 4: 2, the peanut yield is obviously improved (P is more than 0.05) by the planting mode of equal-amplitude intercropping. Indicating that the saline-alkali soil peanut/cotton intercropping adopts the level crop, 4: 2 equal-amplitude intercropping planting mode, namely 2 rows of cotton are sown, 4 rows of peanut are planted and the land area is kept 1: 1, the yield of the peanuts can be obviously improved while the yield of the cotton is ensured.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and additions can be made without departing from the method of the present invention, and these modifications and additions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cotton-oil intercropping seeding method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil is characterized in that the peanuts and the cotton adopt a formula of 4: 2, a constant-amplitude cotton-oil intercropping mode, namely intercropping 4 rows of peanuts and 2 rows of cotton, wherein the occupied area is kept between 1: 1;
when the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stabilized to be more than 14 ℃, cotton sowing is carried out, a one-ridge and two-row parallel planting mode is adopted for cotton sowing, the row spacing is kept to be 70-75 cm, the hole spacing is 14-16 cm, and the row spacing between a cotton belt and a peanut belt is kept to be 29-31 cm;
when the ground temperature of a 0-5 cm soil layer is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃, peanut seeding is carried out, and the peanut seeding also adopts a parallel planting mode and 4 rows of seeding, wherein the row spacing of 2 rows of peanuts keeps 24-26 cm, and the hole spacing is 13-15 cm;
the salt content of the soil in a 0-20 cm soil layer of the saline-alkali soil is 0.308%.
2. The cotton-oil intercropping method of claim 1, wherein the row spacing between the cotton belt and the peanut belt is maintained at 30 cm.
3. The cotton-oil intercropping seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the seeding density of the peanuts is kept at 1.75-2.0 ten thousand holes/mu, and the seeding density of the cotton is kept at 5500-6500 plants/mu.
4. A method for intercropping peanut/cotton in saline-alkali soil with high yield and cotton oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) salt pressing;
(b) ploughing and preparing the soil at proper time;
(c) fertilizing;
(d) sowing peanuts and cotton by using the cotton-oil intercropping sowing method of any one of claims 1 to 3;
(e) film covering: adopting a flat-planting film-covering planting mode;
the salt content of the soil in a 0-20 cm soil layer of the saline-alkali soil is 0.308%.
5. The method for intercropping peanut/cotton in saline-alkali soil with high peanut/cotton yield as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step (a) comprises the following steps: leveling the land and repairing furrows before planting peanuts, irrigating fresh water to press salt, wherein the irrigation quantity is 120-160 m3And keeping the water layer of 1-2 cm on the ground surface for 1-2 days per mu.
6. The method for intercropping peanut/cotton in saline-alkali soil with high peanut/cotton yield as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (b), when the water is evaporated to the soil moisture content of 70-80%, ploughing and soil preparation are carried out.
7. The method for intercropping peanut/cotton in saline-alkali soil with high peanut/cotton yield, as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step (c), 2-3 tons of farmyard manure, 40-50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.5-1.5 kg of borax and 0.5-1.5 kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu of land.
8. The method for intercropping peanut/cotton in saline-alkali soil with high peanut/cotton yield as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step (e) adopts a sowing row double-row covering technology.
9. The method for planting peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali land by intercropping cotton oil with high yield according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the peanuts and the cotton are sowed in a manner of precision mechanical sowing and plastic film mulching.
10. The method for intercropping peanut/cotton in saline-alkali soil and with high peanut/cotton yield and cotton oil as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step (c), 2-3 tons of farmyard manure, 40-50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of borax and 0.5kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu of land.
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| CN202210350765.2A CN114568238A (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2016-12-19 | Cotton-oil intercropping seeding method and planting method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN201611177751.6A CN106613221A (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2016-12-19 | Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land |
| CN202210350765.2A CN114568238A (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2016-12-19 | Cotton-oil intercropping seeding method and planting method for high yield of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil |
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