CN108934864B - Cultivation method for improving quality and yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving quality and yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934864B CN108934864B CN201810592689.XA CN201810592689A CN108934864B CN 108934864 B CN108934864 B CN 108934864B CN 201810592689 A CN201810592689 A CN 201810592689A CN 108934864 B CN108934864 B CN 108934864B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
Abstract
The invention selects and selects new salt-tolerant sweet potato Jishu 26, provides a cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil, improves the soluble sugar and the variety score by the combined action of boiled soybeans, organic fertilizer and potassium fulvate, and reasonably utilizes the saline-alkali soil. Dipping the roots in the rooting solution to improve the survival rate, and selecting proper planting time according to the characteristics of the saline-alkali soil to obtain the fresh sweet potato with good quality and yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet potato planting in saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil.
Background
According to statistics, the saline soil occupies 1/4 to 1/3 of land area all over the world, and different types of saline soil are distributed from coastal to inland and from low land to plateau in China. The total area of saline-alkali soil in China is about 5 hundred million mu, wherein 1 hundred million mu is reclaimed, 3 hundred million mu saline-alkali soil waits for development and utilization, yellow river delta has a large amount of barren saline-alkali soil, 500 million mu only in east province city of Shandong province, more than 60% of the saline-alkali soil belongs to light and medium saline-alkali soil, and the salt content is between 0.2% and 0.50%.
Sweet potatoes are important economic crops, feed crops and energy crops in China, the planting area of the sweet potatoes is only second to that of rice, wheat and corn in China, the sweet potatoes have more and more prominent effects as economic crops and energy crops along with the development of social economy, but the sweet potatoes are not salt-alkali-tolerant crops, and most of the salt-intolerant varieties can not normally grow or even die in the soil with the salt content higher than 0.30 percent although the salt tolerance between the varieties is different.
The saline-alkali soil occupies more than 1.5 hundred million acres in China, and the sweet potato is a pioneer crop and is mainly planted in dry and thin lands on hills. At present, the main approach for producing sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil is to improve the saline-alkali soil and then plant the sweet potatoes, and the methods for improving the saline-alkali soil are multiple, such as utilizing irrigation to punch saline and alkali, planting saline-alkali tolerant crops to reduce the salt alkalinity, using a large amount of farmyard manure, utilizing a saline-alkali modifier and the like, and the main defects of the methods are that the improvement effect is slow and the cost is high.
The inventor provides a simplified high-yield cultivation technology for sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil (CN 103749121A) through continuous research and exploration, the technology can normally grow in soil with salt content of 0.3-0.5%, high yield is obtained, and the problems of seedling shortage, ridge breaking, slow middle-stage growth and serious yield reduction of the sweet potatoes in a traditional cultivation mode are solved. However, later-period practice shows that the technology has no effect on improving the quality of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil, the taste quality of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil is obviously reduced, the marketability of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil is obviously reduced, and the development of the sweet potato industry in the saline-alkali soil is inhibited due to the reduction of the quality of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the production of sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil at the present stage, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil.
A cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a new salt-tolerant sweet potato Jishu 26: the variety is bred by the crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Shandong province, and passes national identification in 2014;
(2) applying organic fertilizer: after water pressure alkali is irrigated, spreading the thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure for cultivating according to a length of 6-8 m/666.7 square meters on the ground under the field operation condition;
(3) ridging and film covering: leveling and ridging are carried out after deep ploughing and alkali breaking, the surface of the ridge is covered with a plastic film immediately after ridging, and a drip irrigation tape is laid under the film;
(4) timely late planting: the planting time is 5 months and 10 days or 5 days before and after;
(5) auxiliary materials are applied: the boiled soybeans are applied to the broken ridges before planting, so that the yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil are improved;
(6) dipping roots in a rooting solution: root dipping is carried out by utilizing the rooting solution, so that the planting survival rate of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil is improved;
(7) cuttage: the potato seedlings are planted after being dipped in roots, the damage to the mulching film is reduced as much as possible during planting, and soil is covered in time to seal the insertion holes after cuttage;
(8) drip irrigation under films: and (4) carrying out drip irrigation under films by using the laid drip irrigation belts after planting, and carrying out 2-3m cultivation every 666.7 square meters.
In the step (2), the farmyard manure is an organic fertilizer, wherein the contents of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are respectively 0.23%, 0.15% and 0.08%, and the content of organic matters is 15.2%.
The application amount of the cooked soybeans in the step (5) is 35-40k g/mu.
15-25kg/666.7m of potassium fulvate is simultaneously applied in the step (5)2(ii) a The potassium fulvate comprises the following components: the mass ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 12:8:28, and the humic acid content is 5%.
The preparation method of the soybean cooked in the step (5) comprises the following steps: 50 kg of soybeans are soaked in clear water for 3 to 5 hours, then boiled in water with the temperature of more than 80 ℃ for 10 to 30min, and fished out for hole application.
The rooting solution in the step (6) is a mixed solution of 20mg/L of indole butyric acid solution, 10mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L of diethylaminoethanol caproate; the root dipping time is 5-10 min.
The selection reason of the planting time is as follows: the saline-alkali soil is slowly heated, the survival rate of the sweet potato seedlings is influenced, so that the sweet potato planting time in the saline-alkali soil is about 5 months and 10 days, the soil temperature is high, and the rooting and seedling revival of the sweet potatoes are facilitated.
Mechanism of deep ploughing and alkali breaking: deep ploughing damages capillary tubes of the soil, reduces the evaporation of soil moisture, and further reduces the permeation of saline and alkaline of the soil to a plough layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the obtained sweet potato has good quality
The invention uses the combined action of the boiled soybeans, the organic fertilizer and the potassium fulvate to improve the soluble sugar and variety scores and reasonably utilizes the saline-alkali soil. The method or simple hole application of soybean improves the content of soluble sugar, which is more than 4.3%.
2. The obtained sweet potato has high yield
By adopting the cultivation method, the new salt-tolerant sweet potato Jishu 26 is selected, and the yield of the obtained sweet potato is 2329.7 kg/mu, which is greatly improved compared with the yield ratio of 1829.7 kg/mu in the prior art. Compared with the method which only uses the humic acid potash fertilizer, the yield of the fertilizer is 2193.9 kg/mu, which is also greatly improved.
3. Simple cultivation process
The cultivation process is simple, the fertilizer used is less, the obtained sweet potatoes are high in survival rate, high in yield and high in quality.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a new salt-tolerant sweet potato Jishu 26: the variety is bred by the crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Shandong province, and passes national identification in 2014;
(2) applying organic fertilizer: after the water pressure alkali is irrigated, spreading the decomposed farmyard manure with a weight of 8m according to a square meter of 666.7 according to the weight of the square meter on the ground under the field operation condition; the farmyard manure is an organic fertilizer, wherein the contents of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are respectively 0.23%, 0.15% and 0.08%, and the content of organic matters is 15.2%;
(3) ridging and film covering: leveling and ridging are carried out after deep ploughing and alkali breaking, the surface of the ridge is covered with a plastic film immediately after ridging, and a drip irrigation tape is laid under the film;
(4) timely late planting: the planting time is 5 months and 5 days;
(5) auxiliary materials are applied: the boiled soybeans are applied to the broken ridges before planting, so that the yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil are improved; the application amount of the cooked soybeans is 38 kg/mu;
(6) dipping roots in a rooting solution: root dipping is carried out by utilizing the rooting solution, so that the planting survival rate of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil is improved; the rooting solution is a mixed solution of 20mg/L of indole butyric acid solution, 10mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L of diethylaminoethanol caproate; the root dipping time is 5 min;
(7) cuttage: the potato seedlings are planted after being dipped in roots, the damage to the mulching film is reduced as much as possible during planting, and soil is covered in time to seal the insertion holes after cuttage;
(8) drip irrigation under films: and (4) carrying out drip irrigation under films by using the laid drip irrigation belts after planting, and carrying out cultivation by dropping 2m every 666.7 square meters.
The preparation method of the soybean cooked in the step (5) comprises the following steps: 50 kg of soybeans are soaked in clear water for 3-5h, then boiled in water with the temperature of more than 80 ℃ for 10min, and fished out for hole application.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a new salt-tolerant sweet potato Jishu 26: the variety is bred by the crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Shandong province, and passes national identification in 2014;
(2) applying organic fertilizer: after the water pressure alkali is irrigated, the ground can carry on under the operating condition of field, broadcast and apply rotten farmyard manure 6m according to a square meter/666.7; the farmyard manure is an organic fertilizer, wherein the contents of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are respectively 0.23%, 0.15% and 0.08%, and the content of organic matters is 15.2%;
(3) ridging and film covering: leveling and ridging are carried out after deep ploughing and alkali breaking, the surface of the ridge is covered with a plastic film immediately after ridging, and a drip irrigation tape is laid under the film;
(4) timely late planting: the planting time is 5 months and 15 days;
(5) auxiliary materials are applied: before planting, 15kg/666.7m potassium fulvate is applied to broken ridges2The yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil are improved by the boiled soybean; application of the boiled soybeansThe input amount is 40 kg/mu;
(6) dipping roots in a rooting solution: root dipping is carried out by utilizing the rooting solution, so that the planting survival rate of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil is improved; the rooting solution is a mixed solution of 20mg/L of indole butyric acid solution, 10mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L of diethylaminoethanol caproate; the root dipping time is 10 min;
(7) cuttage: the potato seedlings are planted after being dipped in roots, the damage to the mulching film is reduced as much as possible during planting, and soil is covered in time to seal the insertion holes after cuttage;
(8) drip irrigation under films: and (4) carrying out drip irrigation under films by using the laid drip irrigation belts after planting, and carrying out cultivation by using 3m square meters for every 666.7 square meters.
The preparation method of the soybean cooked in the step (5) comprises the following steps: 50 kg of soybeans are soaked in clear water for 3h, then boiled in water with the temperature of more than 80 ℃ for 20min, and fished out for hole application.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a new salt-tolerant sweet potato Jishu 26: the variety is bred by the crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Shandong province, and passes national identification in 2014;
(2) applying organic fertilizer: after the water pressure alkali is irrigated, the ground can carry on under the operating condition of field, broadcast and apply rotten farmyard manure 6m according to a square meter/666.7; the farmyard manure is an organic fertilizer, wherein the contents of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are respectively 0.23%, 0.15% and 0.08%, and the content of organic matters is 15.2%;
(3) ridging and film covering: leveling and ridging are carried out after deep ploughing and alkali breaking, the surface of the ridge is covered with a plastic film immediately after ridging, and a drip irrigation tape is laid under the film;
(4) timely late planting: the planting time is 5 months and 10 days;
(5) auxiliary materials are applied: before planting, 20kg/666.7m potassium fulvate is applied to broken ridges2The yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil are improved by the boiled soybean; the application amount of the cooked soybeans is 35 kg/mu;
(6) dipping roots in a rooting solution: root dipping is carried out by utilizing the rooting solution, so that the planting survival rate of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil is improved; the rooting solution is a mixed solution of 20mg/L of indole butyric acid solution, 10mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L of diethylaminoethanol caproate; the root dipping time is 8 min;
(7) cuttage: the potato seedlings are planted after being dipped in roots, the damage to the mulching film is reduced as much as possible during planting, and soil is covered in time to seal the insertion holes after cuttage;
(8) drip irrigation under films: and (4) carrying out drip irrigation under films by using the laid drip irrigation belts after planting, and carrying out cultivation by using 3m square meters for every 666.7 square meters.
The preparation method of the soybean cooked in the step (5) comprises the following steps: 50 kg of soybeans are soaked in clear water for 3h, then boiled in water with the temperature of more than 80 ℃ for 30min, and fished out for hole application.
Comparative example
The test is carried out on Huiban farms in estuary areas of Dongying cities in 2016, 6 and 10 days, the test field is light loam, the soil fertility is moderate, the saline-alkali content of the soil is 0.15-0.25%, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 20.5mg/Kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 5.4mg/Kg, the quick-acting potassium is 62.9mg/Kg, and the organic matter is 0.7%. Each treatment was 4 replicates (replicate 1 is a rooting survey area) with a cell area of 20m2The ridge length is 5m, the ridge width is 0.90m, 5 rows of areas are randomly arranged, and the planting density is 58300 plant ha-2The field management is the same as the field management. Setting 7 treatments of 15-15-15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, 40kg of basal application of soil remediation agent, 20kg of basal application of potassium fulvate fertilizer, 38kg of hole application of boiled soybeans (embodiment 1), 20kg of basal application of potassium fulvate fertilizer and 35kg of hole application of boiled soybeans (embodiment 3), 10kg of basal application of root applicator and 200ml of polypeptidase for root watering, and carrying out yield test and quality taste during harvesting. The harvest yield and quality results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 different treatments under saline-alkali soil conditions Jishu 26 yield and quality (year 2016; salinity 0.35%)
The results show that the potassium fulvate fertilizer is matched with the soybeans, so that the yield and the quality of the fresh sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil are synchronously improved.
Claims (4)
1. A cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a new salt-tolerant sweet potato Jishu 26: the variety is bred by the crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Shandong province, and passes national identification in 2014;
(2) applying organic fertilizer: after water pressure alkali is irrigated, spreading the thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure for cultivating according to a length of 6-8 m/666.7 square meters on the ground under the field operation condition;
(3) ridging and film covering: carrying out leveling and ridging after deep ploughing and alkali breaking, immediately covering the surface of a ridge with a plastic film after ridging, and paving a drip irrigation tape under the film;
(4) timely late planting: the planting time is 5 months and 10 days or 5 days before and after;
(5) auxiliary materials are applied: the ridge is broken before planting, and the boiled soybeans are applied, so that the yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil are improved;
(6) dipping roots in a rooting solution: root dipping is carried out by utilizing the rooting solution, so that the planting survival rate of the sweet potatoes in the saline-alkali soil is improved;
(7) cuttage: the potato seedlings are planted after being dipped in roots, the damage to the mulching film is reduced as much as possible during planting, and soil is covered in time to seal the insertion holes after cuttage;
(8) drip irrigation under films: after planting, carrying out drip irrigation under films by using the laid drip irrigation belts, and carrying out 2-3m cultivation by dropping every 666.7 square meters;
the application amount of the cooked soybeans in the step (5) is 35-40 kg/mu;
15-25kg/666.7m of potassium fulvate is applied in the step (5)2(ii) a The potassium fulvate comprises the following components: the mass ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 12:8:28, and the humic acid content is 5%.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the farmyard manure in step (2) is an organic fertilizer, wherein the contents of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are 0.23%, 0.15% and 0.08%, respectively, and wherein the content of organic matter is 15.2%.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the boiled soybean in the step (5) comprises: 50 kg of soybeans are soaked in clear water for 3 to 5 hours, then boiled in water with the temperature of more than 80 ℃ for 10 to 30min, and fished out for hole application.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the rooting solution in step (6) is a mixture of 20mg/L of indolebutyric acid solution, 10mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L of diethylaminoethanol caproate; the root dipping time is 5-10 min.
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