CN108934864A - A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934864A CN108934864A CN201810592689.XA CN201810592689A CN108934864A CN 108934864 A CN108934864 A CN 108934864A CN 201810592689 A CN201810592689 A CN 201810592689A CN 108934864 A CN108934864 A CN 108934864A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention selects salt tolerant sweet potato new product Ji potato 26, provide a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield, the present invention improves soluble sugar, kind scoring with cooked soybean, organic fertilizer, potassium fulvate collective effect, rationally utilizes salt-soda soil.Taking root liquid root dipping improves survival rate, and the selection suitable plantation time, obtains quality and yield all good fresh type sweet potato the characteristics of further according to salt-soda soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to salt-soda soil sweet potato planting technology field more particularly to a kind of raising salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato qualities
With the cultural method of yield.
Background technique
Global solonchak accounts for about 1/4 to the 1/3 of land area according to statistics, in China from strand to inland, from low land to
Plateau is all dispersed with different types of salt affected soil.There are about more than 500,000,000 mu for the gross area of China's saline-alkali soil, wherein that has opened up wasteland has 1
It more than hundred million mu, awaits development utilizations there are also more than 300,000,000 mu of salt-soda soils, there is a large amount of famine salt-soda soil in the Huanghe delta, only Dongying
City just has 5,000,000 mu, wherein 60% or more belongs to salt-soda soil in light, salt content is between 0.2%~0.50%.
Sweet potato is the important industrial crops in China, forage crop and energy crop, in China cultivated area be only second to rice,
Wheat and corn, with the development of the social economy, sweet potato is more and more prominent as the effect of industrial crops and energy crop, still
Sweet potato is the crop of not saline-alkali tolerant, although salt tolerance has differences between kind, most not salt-enduring cultivars are higher than in salt content
It is even dead that normal growth is unable in 0.30% soil.
Salt-soda soil occupies 1.5 hundred million mu or more in China, and sweet potato is a pioneer crop, and it is thin to be mainly planted in hills drought
Ground.The main path of salt-soda soil sweet potato production at present is exactly to carry out sweet potato plantation, alkaline land improving again after first carrying out alkaline land improving
Method have very much, if saline and alkaline using punching press of pouring water, plantation saline-alkali tolerant crop reduces saline and alkaline, largely using farmyard manure, utilize
Saline soil etc., the main disadvantage of these methods are exactly that improved effect is slow, and cost is very high.
Inventor passes through continuous research and probe, provides a kind of salt-soda soil sweet potato and gently simplifies high-yield culture technique (CN
103749121 A), the technology can in the soil of salt content 0.3-0.5% normal growth, and obtain high yield, solve tradition
Under cultivation mode, sweet potato seedling stage is short of seedling disconnected ridge, mid-term slow growth, the serious problem of the underproduction.But it is sent out in later period practice process
Existing, which does not act on for improving the quality of salt-soda soil fresh food sweet potato, and the flavouring quality decline of salt-soda soil sweet potato is obvious, shows
The commodity for reducing salt-soda soil sweet potato is write, the reduction of salt-soda soil sweet potato quality inhibits the development of salt-soda soil Sweet Potato Industry.
Summary of the invention
Salt-soda soil sweet potato at this stage production there are aiming at the problem that, the present invention provides a kind of raising salt-soda soil fresh type is sweet
The cultural method of potato quality and yield, this method can obtain high yield sweet potato, can also obtain the fresh food sweet potato of high-quality.
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield, comprising the following steps:
(1) select salt tolerant sweet potato new product Ji potato 26: the kind is Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy's incubation, and 2014 logical
Cross state verification；
(2) applying organic manure: pouring water after pressing alkali, and ground can be carried out under the operating condition of field, spreads fertilizer over the fields decomposed farmyard manure 6-8m3/
666.7㎡；
(3) ridging, overlay film: carrying out smooth, ridging, cover ridge surface with plastic film immediately after ridging after after disconnected alkali of deep ploughing, and
Drip irrigation zone is laid under film；
(4) evening plants in due course: planting the time is 5 days before and after May 10；
(5) apply auxiliary material: broken ridge applies cooked soybean before planting, and improves the yield and quality of salt-soda soil sweet potato；
(6) taking root liquid root dipping: carrying out root dipping using taking root liquid, improves sweet potato in salt-soda soil and plants survival rate；
(7) cuttage: being planted after potato seedling growth root dipping, is paid attention to reducing the destruction to mulch to the greatest extent when planting, be covered in time after cuttage
Grave lives cuttage mouth；
(8) after planting, under-film drip irrigation, every 666.7 ㎡ drop 2-3m3 under-film drip irrigation: are carried out using the drip irrigation zone being laid with.
Farmyard manure is organic fertilizer in the step (2), and wherein purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide content are respectively
0.23%, 0.15% and 0.08%, wherein the content of organic matter is 15.2%.
The sowing amount that soybean is cooked in the step (5) is g/ mus of 35-40 k；.
Potassium fulvate 15-25kg/666.7m is applied in the step (5) simultaneously2；The potassium fulvate, including it is following
Ingredient: purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide mass ratio are 12:8:28, humic acid content 5%.
In the step (5) be cooked soybean preparation method: 50 kilograms of soybean with clear water impregnate 3-5h, then 80 DEG C with
On water in boil 10-30min, the i.e. available cave that carries out is applied after pulling out.
Taking root liquid is 20mg/L diindyl butyric acid solution, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 10mg/L and the caproic acid of 10mg/L in the step (6)
Diethylaminoethanol ester mixed liquor；The root dipping time is 5-10min.
Plant the selection reason of time: salt affected soil heating is slow, influences potato seedling growth survival rate, therefore salt-soda soil sweet potato is suitable for planting
Inserting the time is on May 10 or so, and the soil moisture is high at this time, is conducive to sweet potato hairy roots slow seedling.
The mechanism of the disconnected alkali of deep ploughing: deep ploughing destroys soil capillary, reduces the evaporation of soil moisture, and then reduce soil alkaline
Infiltration to topsoil.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, gained sweet potato good quality
The present invention improves soluble sugar, kind scoring with cooked soybean, organic fertilizer, potassium fulvate collective effect, rationally utilizes
Salt-soda soil.This method or simple soybean cave apply and improve soluble sugar content, 4.3% or more.
2, gained yield of sweet potato is good
Using cultural method of the invention, salt tolerant sweet potato new product is selected to help potato 26,2329.7 kg/ mus of the yield of sweet potato of acquisition, than
The yield ratio that 1829.7 kg/ mus of the prior art, improves a lot.Than the yield 2193.9 for only using potash humate merely
It kg/ mus, also improves a lot.
3, planting technique is simple
Planting technique of the invention is simple, and fertilizer used is few, obtained sweet potato high survival rate, and yield is high, and quality is high.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield, comprising the following steps:
(1) select salt tolerant sweet potato new product Ji potato 26: the kind is Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy's incubation, and 2014 logical
Cross state verification；
(2) applying organic manure: pouring water after pressing alkali, and ground can be carried out under the operating condition of field, spreads fertilizer over the fields decomposed farmyard manure 8m3/
666.7㎡；The farmyard manure is organic fertilizer, and wherein purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide content are respectively 0.23%, 0.15% and
0.08%, wherein the content of organic matter is 15.2%；
(3) ridging, overlay film: carrying out smooth, ridging, cover ridge surface with plastic film immediately after ridging after after disconnected alkali of deep ploughing, and
Drip irrigation zone is laid under film；
(4) evening plants in due course: planting the time is May 5；
(5) apply auxiliary material: broken ridge applies cooked soybean before planting, and improves the yield and quality of salt-soda soil sweet potato；It is described cooked
The sowing amount of soybean is 38kg/ mus；
(6) taking root liquid root dipping: carrying out root dipping using taking root liquid, improves sweet potato in salt-soda soil and plants survival rate；The taking root liquid
For 20mg/L diindyl butyric acid solution, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 10mg/L and the diethylamino ethanol caproate mixed liquor of 10mg/L；Described dips in
The root time is 5min；
(7) cuttage: being planted after potato seedling growth root dipping, is paid attention to reducing the destruction to mulch to the greatest extent when planting, be covered in time after cuttage
Grave lives cuttage mouth；
(8) after planting, under-film drip irrigation, every 666.7 ㎡ drop 2m3 under-film drip irrigation: are carried out using the drip irrigation zone being laid with.
In the step (5) be cooked soybean preparation method: 50 kilograms of soybean with clear water impregnate 3-5h, then 80 DEG C with
On water in boil 10min, the i.e. available cave that carries out is applied after pulling out.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield, comprising the following steps:
(1) select salt tolerant sweet potato new product Ji potato 26: the kind is Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy's incubation, and 2014 logical
Cross state verification；
(2) applying organic manure: pouring water after pressing alkali, and ground can be carried out under the operating condition of field, spreads fertilizer over the fields decomposed farmyard manure 6m3/
666.7㎡；The farmyard manure is organic fertilizer, and wherein purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide content are respectively 0.23%, 0.15% and
0.08%, wherein the content of organic matter is 15.2%；
(3) ridging, overlay film: carrying out smooth, ridging, cover ridge surface with plastic film immediately after ridging after after disconnected alkali of deep ploughing, and
Drip irrigation zone is laid under film；
(4) evening plants in due course: planting the time is May 15；
(5) apply auxiliary material: broken ridge applies potassium fulvate 15kg/666.7m before planting2, cooked soybean, improve salt-soda soil sweet potato
Yield and quality；The sowing amount of the cooked soybean is 40kg/ mus；
(6) taking root liquid root dipping: carrying out root dipping using taking root liquid, improves sweet potato in salt-soda soil and plants survival rate；The taking root liquid
For 20mg/L diindyl butyric acid solution, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 10mg/L and the diethylamino ethanol caproate mixed liquor of 10mg/L；Described dips in
The root time is 10min；
(7) cuttage: being planted after potato seedling growth root dipping, is paid attention to reducing the destruction to mulch to the greatest extent when planting, be covered in time after cuttage
Grave lives cuttage mouth；
(8) after planting, under-film drip irrigation, every 666.7 ㎡ drop 3m3 under-film drip irrigation: are carried out using the drip irrigation zone being laid with.
The preparation method for the soybean being cooked in the step (5): 50 kilograms of soybean impregnate 3h with clear water, then at 80 DEG C or more
Water in boil 20min, the i.e. available cave that carries out is applied after pulling out.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield, comprising the following steps:
(1) select salt tolerant sweet potato new product Ji potato 26: the kind is Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy's incubation, and 2014 logical
Cross state verification；
(2) applying organic manure: pouring water after pressing alkali, and ground can be carried out under the operating condition of field, spreads fertilizer over the fields decomposed farmyard manure 6m3/
666.7㎡；The farmyard manure is organic fertilizer, and wherein purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide content are respectively 0.23%, 0.15% and
0.08%, wherein the content of organic matter is 15.2%；
(3) ridging, overlay film: carrying out smooth, ridging, cover ridge surface with plastic film immediately after ridging after after disconnected alkali of deep ploughing, and
Drip irrigation zone is laid under film；
(4) evening plants in due course: planting the time is May 10；
(5) apply auxiliary material: broken ridge applies potassium fulvate 20kg/666.7m before planting2, cooked soybean, improve salt-soda soil sweet potato
Yield and quality；The sowing amount of the cooked soybean is 35kg/ mus；
(6) taking root liquid root dipping: carrying out root dipping using taking root liquid, improves sweet potato in salt-soda soil and plants survival rate；The taking root liquid
For 20mg/L diindyl butyric acid solution, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 10mg/L and the diethylamino ethanol caproate mixed liquor of 10mg/L；Described dips in
The root time is 8min；
(7) cuttage: being planted after potato seedling growth root dipping, is paid attention to reducing the destruction to mulch to the greatest extent when planting, be covered in time after cuttage
Grave lives cuttage mouth；
(8) after planting, under-film drip irrigation, every 666.7 ㎡ drop 3m3 under-film drip irrigation: are carried out using the drip irrigation zone being laid with.
The preparation method for the soybean being cooked in the step (5): 50 kilograms of soybean impregnate 3h with clear water, then at 80 DEG C or more
Water in boil 30min, the i.e. available cave that carries out is applied after pulling out.
Comparative example
It tests and is carried out on June 10th, 2016 on the Dongying City Hekou District farm Hui Bang, be experimental field light loam, in soil fertility
Deng, soil salt and alkali content 0.15%-0.25%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 20.5mg/Kg, rapid available phosphorus 5.4mg/Kg, available potassium 62.9mg/Kg,
Organic matter 0.7%.Each processing is 4 repetitions (repeating 1 as enumeration district of uprooting), plot area 20m2, the long 5m in ridge, row spacing
0.90m, 5 row areas, random alignment, planting density are 58300 plantha-2, the same crop field of field management.15-15- per acre is set
15 compound fertilizer's 40kg bases are applied, soil-repairing agent 20kg base is applied, potassium fulvate fertilizer 20kg base is applied, cooked soybean 38kg(embodiment 1)
Cave is applied, potassium fulvate fertilizer 20kg base applies+be cooked that (the present embodiment 3) is applied in the cave soybean 35kg, root application treasured 10kg base is applied and 200ml polypeptide
Enzyme pours root etc. 7 processing, and when harvest survey producing and check and accept and quality is tasted.Crop and quality results are shown in Table 1.
1 different disposal of table is helped 26 yield and quality of the potato (time: 2016 under the conditions of salt-soda soil；Saline and alkaline: 0.35%)
From the results, it was seen that potash humate and soybean cooperation, it is synchronous with quality to realize salt-soda soil fresh food yield of sweet potato
It improves.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield, which comprises the following steps:
(1) select salt tolerant sweet potato new product Ji potato 26: the kind is Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy's incubation, and 2014 logical
Cross state verification；
(2) applying organic manure: pouring water after pressing alkali, and ground can be carried out under the operating condition of field, spreads fertilizer over the fields decomposed farmyard manure 6-8m3/
666.7㎡；
(3) ridging, overlay film: carrying out smooth, ridging, cover ridge surface with plastic film immediately after ridging after after disconnected alkali of deep ploughing, and
Drip irrigation zone is laid under film；
(4) evening plants in due course: planting the time is 5 days before and after May 10；
(5) apply auxiliary material: broken ridge before planting applies cooked soybean, improves the yield and quality of salt-soda soil sweet potato；
(6) taking root liquid root dipping: carrying out root dipping using taking root liquid, improves sweet potato in salt-soda soil and plants survival rate；
(7) cuttage: being planted after potato seedling growth root dipping, is paid attention to reducing the destruction to mulch to the greatest extent when planting, be covered in time after cuttage
Grave lives cuttage mouth；
(8) after planting, under-film drip irrigation, every 666.7 ㎡ drop 2-3m3 under-film drip irrigation: are carried out using the drip irrigation zone being laid with.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that farmyard manure is organic fertilizer in the step (2), wherein
Purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide content are respectively 0.23%, 0.15% and 0.08%, and wherein the content of organic matter is 15.2%.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sowing amount of cooked soybean is in the step (5)
35-40kg/ mus；.
4. cultural method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the preparation side for the soybean being cooked in the step (5)
Method: 50 kilograms of soybean impregnate 3-5h with clear water, then boil 10-30min in 80 DEG C or more of water, i.e. available after pulling out to carry out cave
It applies.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that apply potassium fulvate 15- in the step (5)
25kg/666.7m2；The potassium fulvate, including following component: purity nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide mass ratio are 12:8:
28, humic acid content 5%.
6. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that taking root liquid is 20mg/L diindyl in the step (6)
The diethylamino ethanol caproate mixed liquor of butyric acid solution, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 10mg/L and 10mg/L；The root dipping time is 5-
10min。
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115104438A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 昌江广凌农业科技有限公司 | Efficient sweet potato cutting cultivation method |
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