CN102498846B - High-yield and high-quality cultivating method for common selfheal fruit-spike - Google Patents

High-yield and high-quality cultivating method for common selfheal fruit-spike Download PDF

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CN102498846B
CN102498846B CN 201110317153 CN201110317153A CN102498846B CN 102498846 B CN102498846 B CN 102498846B CN 201110317153 CN201110317153 CN 201110317153 CN 201110317153 A CN201110317153 A CN 201110317153A CN 102498846 B CN102498846 B CN 102498846B
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selfheal
fruit ear
fruit
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spike
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CN102498846A (en
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郭巧生
陈宇航
于曼曼
刘丽
史红专
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield and high-quality cultivating method for common selfheal fruit-spike. The method comprises key technical steps of seed collecting, land selecting, land preparation, fertilizer application, seed sowing, cultivating, harvesting and the like, and has the characteristics of vigorous growth of the common selfheal fruit-spike, high fruit ear yield, good quality, easiness in grasping a cultivating technology, high operability, yield per mu of common selfheal fruit-spike fruit ears of 100-120 kilograms and rosmarinic acid content of a fruit ear medicinal material stabilized at 0.40-0.60 percent, which is much higher than a quality control standard (the rosmarinic acid content is required to be not less than 0.20 percent) for the common selfheal fruit-spike fruit ear medicinal material in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (version 2010) due to the adoption of the technical flow of the cultivating method.

Description

A kind of selfheal high yield and quality cultivation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture technique of selfheal high yield and high quality, belong to traditional Chinese medicine culture technique field.
Background technology
Selfheal Prunella vulgaris L. is Labiatae Prunella herbaceos perennial, is used as medicine with dry fruit ear, is China's parts of generic medicinal plants.The selfheal flavor is hot, bitter, and is cold.Return liver, gallbladder channel.Have and clear liver and improve vision, the effect of dispersing swelling and dissipating binds; The selfheal clinical practice is extensive, especially has sore throat, suppresses the aspects such as heating and accelerating wound healing in alleviation evident in efficacy, has good development prospect; In recent years, along with market demand is constantly soaring, the selfheal wild resource suffers excessively to excavate, and adds environmental disruption, and its stock number is sharply exhausted, can not satisfy medicine and related industry demand; China's selfheal artificial planting starts from the beginning of the nineties in last century, but for want of scientific theory instructs, the traditional experience of the many dependence of field planting, production blindness is large, production process is lack of standardization, cause selfheal root yield and quality thereof extremely unstable, directly affected sound development and the drug safety of selfheal artificial planting industry.
The invention provides a kind of cultivation method of selfheal high yield and high quality, can improve selfheal fruit ear output, improve medical material quanlity, to the demonstration of the sustainable use of selfheal resource and standardized planting thereof with promote significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the selfheal artificial cultivation technique of a kind of workable, increase yield significantly, stay in grade, can be chosen in plantation in China middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and the Basin of Huaihe River zone, selfheal fruit ear per mu yield can reach 100kg~120kg, rosmarinic acid contents is 0.40%~0.60%, is higher than " the Rosmarinic acid quality control standard (≤0.20%) of Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 editions) regulation.
A kind of selfheal high-yield high-grade culture technique provided by the present invention comprises:
A. collect seed: with selfheal (the Prunella vulgaris Linn) seed of collecting, removal impurity and flat grain are placed on the shady and cool place of normal temperature and save backup.
B. selection of land and whole ground: select that physical features is invigorating, draining is unimpeded, soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, near the flat land at water source, gentle slope and hilly ground.Before the sowing, first rotary tillage soil-working is opened furrow along the mountain region contour, and the wide 1.5~2m of furrow rakes furrow face hack, holds the drain ditch successfully.
C. sowing: in early and middle ten days sowing in September then, should select to sow before the rainy day and be advisable, press line-spacing 20~25cm drilling, every mu of seeding quantity 1.0~2.0kg, every mu of 1.0~1.2 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings.Be covered with one deck fine earth after broadcasting, to lose seed as degree.The furrow face waters permeable, covers one deck straw moisture-heat preservation, is beneficial to and emerges, and after planting begins behind 20~25d to emerge.
D. planting density: treat Qi Miaohou, dredge and remove weak seedling and seedling, field planting density keeps seeding row spacing 25cm * 25cm.
E. fertilising: the fertilising of selfheal land for growing field crops should use sufficient base manure; Prior to seeding, compoiste fertilizer 150~200kg/667m 2, superphosphate 20~40kg/667m 2, potassium sulphate 10~15kg/667m 2The employing chemical fertilizer that topdresses, the period of topdressing, namely selfheal applied before the shooting stage at the next year early March, executed urea 10~15kg/667m 2, superphosphate 120~150kg/667m 2, potassium sulphate 15~20kg/667m 2
F. picking time: to early and middle ten days in June next year, in the selfheal fruit ear maturing stage (being that fruit ear is brownish red), pluck fruit ear.
The invention has the advantages that: this culture technique is adapted at dirty in China the Changjiang river and the plantation of Basin of Huaihe River wide geographic area, its characteristics are that the selfheal growth is vigorous, fruit ear output is high, product are of fine quality, culture technique is easily grasped, workable, the production that can be medical and health and the food-processing industry medicinal material that furnishes ample material.
Embodiment
1 sowing time of test example is on the impact of selfheal fruit ear output and medical material quanlity thereof
One, seed collection: will collect the selfheal seed, removal impurity and flat grain are placed on the shady and cool place of normal temperature and save backup.
Two, experimental scheme: test in September, 2008~2009 and carry out in Anhui Province's Lujiang County selfheal standardized planting base year June, soil is sandy loam, middle fertility; If 3 dates of seeding are processed: on September 5 (A), on October 5 (B), on November 5 (C), random district group is arranged, and establishes 9 residential quarters, and 3 repeat residential quarter area 2m * 5m=10m 2Before the sowing, apply compoiste fertilizer 150kg/667m 2Make base manure, by 25cm * 25cm seeding row spacing thinning, the cultivation management measure is consistent with Production of Large Fields after emerging.
Three, determination of yield: treat on June 15th, 2009, when the selfheal fruit ear was ripe, unified each residential quarter selfheal of gathering was dried naturally, weighed, according to each cell production conversion fruit ear per mu yield.
Four, composition detection: rosmarinic acid contents assay method (reference literature: square sieve, Lin Nengming, Wu Yongjiang. high performance liquid chromatography is measured the content [J] of 4 kinds of active components in the selfheal medicinal material simultaneously. CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA, 2010,35 (5): 616-619).
Table 1 sowing time is on the impact of selfheal fruit ear output and rosmarinic acid contents
Figure BSA00000593740600021
Annotate: different letter representation significant differences (P<0.05) in the same column data.Following table is same.
Table 1 as can be known, selfheal was sowed in early September to early October, fruit ear output reaches 120kg/667m 2, be significantly higher than the early November sowing and process; And rosmarinic acid contents with mid-November content the highest, and be significantly higher than early September to early October and process; 3 dates of seeding, processed rosmarinic acid contents and all are higher than " Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 editions) defined quality control standards (≤0.20%).
Test example 2 planting densities are on the impact of selfheal fruit ear and medical material quanlity thereof
One, seed collection: will collect the selfheal seed, removal impurity and flat grain are placed on the shady and cool place of normal temperature and save backup.
Two, experimental scheme: test in October, 2008~2009 and carry out in Anhui Province's Lujiang County selfheal standardized planting base year June, soil is sandy loam, middle fertility; Test is established 5 density and is processed, and row, spacing in the rows are respectively 10cm * 10cm (A), 15cm * 15cm (B), 20cm * 20cm (C), 25cm * 25cm (D), 30cm * 30cm (E), 35cm * 35cm (F).Random district group is arranged, and establishes 15 residential quarters, and 3 repeat residential quarter area 2m * 5m=10m 2The minizone is apart from 40cm, and ditch depth 30cm protects line width 1m all around.The cultivation management measure is consistent with Production of Large Fields.Test material was sowed on October 4th, 2008, and October 25 emerged, and on June 17th, 2009 gathered in the crops.
Three, determination of yield: unification on June 17 in 2009 each residential quarter selfheal of gathering, naturally dry, measure the fruit ear dry weight, according to cell production conversion per mu yield.
Four, composition detection: rosmarinic acid contents assay method (reference literature: square sieve, Lin Nengming, Wu Yongjiang. high performance liquid chromatography is measured the content [J] of 4 kinds of active components in the selfheal medicinal material simultaneously. CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA, 2010,35 (5): 616-619).
Table 2 planting density is on the impact of selfheal fruit ear output and rosmarinic acid contents
Figure BSA00000593740600031
Table 2 as can be known, under the different planting density conditions, selfheal fruit ear output (is 25cm * 25cm) the highest, reaches 134.67kg/667m to process D 2, be significantly higher than other 5 groups processing; (namely 10 * 10cm) is the highest and rosmarinic acid contents is to process A." rosmarinic acid contents≤0.20% in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 editions) the regulation working sample.This result of the test shows: process the selfheal quality of medicinal material for 6 groups and all meet standards of pharmacopoeia.
Test example 3 fertilisings are to the test of selfheal fruit ear output and medical material quanlity thereof
One, seed collection: will collect the selfheal seed, removal impurity and flat grain are placed on the shady and cool place of normal temperature and save backup.
Two, experimental scheme: test in October, 2008~2009 and in Anhui Province's Lujiang County selfheal standardized planting Demonstration Base, carry out year June.Experimental field soil is the chiltern yellow soil, topsoil (0~20cm) content of organic matter 10.9gkg -1, full nitrogen 0.79gkg -1, full phosphorus 0.71gkg -1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 53.9mgkg -1, rapid available phosphorus 14.2mgkg -1, available potassium 168.8mgkg -1, pH 6.8.Applied nitrogen is urea (N 45%), and phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate (P 2O 512%), potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate (K 2O 50%).
Fertilizer gradient is made as: (CK=0kg urea+0kg superphosphate+0kg potassium sulphate/667m does not apply fertilizer 2), middle amount fertilising (N1P1K1=40kg urea+200kg superphosphate+30kg potassium sulphate/667m 2), a large amount fertilising (N2P2K2=80kg urea+400kg superphosphate+60kg potassium sulphate/667m 2).Establish altogether 9 residential quarters, residential quarter area 2m * 5m=10m is arranged in each residential quarter at random district's group 2Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are all made base manure; Nitrogenous fertilizer 30% is made base manure, 60% topdress on March 15th, 2009 selfheal applied before the shooting stage.The selfheal seeding row spacing adopts 25cm * 25cm in the test, and the cultivation management measure is consistent with Production of Large Fields.The selfheal seed was sowed on October 3rd, 2008, and October 25 emerged, and on June 17th, 2009 gathered in the crops.
Three, determination of yield: on June 17th, 2009 was gathered the whole plant in each residential quarter, dried, and weighed after fruit ear is cut, and every mu of fruit ear output gets with each residential quarter actual cut output conversion.
Four, composition detection: rosmarinic acid contents assay method (reference literature: square sieve, Lin Nengming, Wu Yongjiang. high performance liquid chromatography is measured the content [J] of 4 kinds of active components in the selfheal medicinal material simultaneously. CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA, 2010,35 (5): 616-619).
Table 3 fertilising is on the impact of selfheal fruit ear output and rosmarinic acid contents
Figure BSA00000593740600041
Table 3 as can be known, and is the highest with middle amount fertilizer treatment (N1P1K1) fruit ear output under the different fertilization, and is significantly higher than not fertilizer treatment (CK) and a large amount fertilizer treatment (N2P2K2); Rosmarinic acid contents is the highest with middle amount fertilizer treatment (N1P1K1), secondly is a large amount fertilising (N2P2K2) processing, and minimum is (CK) processing of not applying fertilizer.According to " rosmarinic acid contents≤0.20% in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 editions) the regulation medicinal material.This result of the test shows: different fertilization, the selfheal quality of medicinal material all meets standards of pharmacopoeia.
4 picking time of test example are to the test of selfheal fruit ear dry weight and medical material quanlity thereof
One, seed collection: will collect the selfheal seed, removal impurity and flat grain are placed on the shady and cool place of normal temperature and save backup.
Two, experimental scheme: test in October, 2008~2009 and carry out in Anhui Province's Lujiang County selfheal standardized planting base year June, soil is sandy loam, middle fertility; Test material was sowed on October 4th, 2008, and October 25 emerged, according to seeding row spacing 25cm * 25cm suitably between, fill the gaps with seedlings, the cultivation management measure is consistent with Production of Large Fields.Because the selfheal growing process affects larger with external environment, therefore this test is gathered as standard take selfheal fruit ear maturity, be respectively May 5 (squaring period) in 2009, May 20 (full-bloom stage), June 7 (fruit ear half ripe phase), June 15 (fruit ear maturing stage), June 25 (fruit ear withering period) period of gathering.
The selfheal established standards in period of gathering:
(1) fruit ear squaring period: selfheal 30%~40% bud forms period.
(2) fruit ear flowering stage: the flowers are in blossom puts period for selfheal 60%~70%.
(3) the fruit ear half ripe phase: selfheal 40%~50% fruit ear 1/2 becomes brown color.
(4) the fruit ear maturing stage: selfheal 50%~60% fruit ear all becomes brown color.
(5) fruit ear withering period: selfheal 60%~70% fruit ear withers.
Three, the fruit ear dry weight is measured: consistent selfheal plant 20 strains of growth of gathering respectively each period, take fruit ear, and naturally dry, weigh.
Four, composition detection: rosmarinic acid contents assay method (reference literature: square sieve, Lin Nengming, Wu Yongjiang. high performance liquid chromatography is measured the content [J] of 4 kinds of active components in the selfheal medicinal material simultaneously. CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA, 2010,35 (5): 616-619.).
Table 4 picking time is on the impact of selfheal fruit ear dry weight and rosmarinic acid contents
Figure BSA00000593740600051
Table 4 as can be known, selfheal fruit ear dry weight is the curvilinear motion of " S " type with advancing vegetative period, with June 7 the fruit ear dry weight the highest, reach the 2.31g strain -1, May 5, dry weight was minimum, and only 0.12%; Rosmarinic acid contents is then with prolonging vegetative period, be gradually downward trend, wherein, with May 5 rosmarinic acid contents the highest, be 5.68%, minimum with June 25, only be 0.16%, according to " rosmarinic acid contents≤0.20% in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 editions) the regulation medicinal material, mid-June (being the fruit ear maturing stage) the selfheal medicinal material of gathering meet the pharmacopeia quality control standard.
1 one kinds of selfheal high-yield high-grade culture techniques of specific embodiment
A. collect seed: with selfheal (the Prunella vulgaris Linn) seed of collecting, removal impurity and flat grain are placed on the shady and cool place of normal temperature and save backup.
B. selection of land and whole ground: select Lujiang County selfheal standardized planting base, Anhui Province, this GAP base cultivated area reaches 5000 mu, and physical features is invigorating, draining is unimpeded, soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, close water source.Before the sowing, first rotary tillage soil-working is opened furrow along the mountain region contour, and the wide 1.5~2.0m of furrow rakes furrow face hack, holds the drain ditch successfully.
C. sowing: in September, 2009 early and middle ten days sowing, should select to sow before the rainy day and be advisable.Press line-spacing 20~25cm drilling, every mu of seeding quantity 1.0~2.0kg, every mu of 1.0~1.2 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings.Be covered with one deck fine earth after broadcasting, to lose seed as degree.The furrow face waters permeable, covers one deck straw moisture-heat preservation, is beneficial to and emerges, and begins behind 20~25d to emerge.
D. planting density: treat Qi Miaohou, dredge and remove weak seedling and seedling, field planting density keeps seeding row spacing 25cm * 25cm.
E. fertilising: the fertilising of selfheal land for growing field crops should use sufficient base manure; Prior to seeding, execute compoiste fertilizer 150~200kg/667m 2, superphosphate 20~40kg/667m 2, potassium sulphate 10~15kg/667m 2Make base manure; Topdress and should use chemical fertilizer, the period of topdressing, selfheal applied before the shooting stage at the next year early March, executed urea 10~15kg/667m 2, superphosphate 120~150kg/667m 2, potassium sulphate 15~20kg/667m 2
F. picking time: in June, 2010 early and middle ten days, in the selfheal fruit ear maturing stage (being that fruit ear is brownish red), pluck fruit ear.
In Lujiang County selfheal standardized planting base, Anhui Province, adopt above-mentioned culture technique flow process, the per mu yield of selfheal fruit ear can reach 100kg~120kg, and rosmarinic acid contents is stabilized in 0.40%~0.60% in the fruit ear medicinal material.Be much higher than that " Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 editions) is to the quality control standard (rosmarinic acid contents must not be less than 0.20%) of selfheal fruit ear medicinal material.

Claims (2)

1. selfheal high yield and quality cultivation method comprises the following step:
A. collect seed: with the selfheal Prunella vulgaris Linn seed of collecting, removal impurity and flat grain are placed on the shady and cool place of normal temperature and save backup;
B. selection of land and whole ground: select China's In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River and the Basin of Huaihe River physical features is invigorating, draining is unimpeded, soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, near the flat land at water source, gentle slope and hilly ground, before the sowing, elder generation's rotary tillage soil-working, open furrow along the mountain region contour, wide 1.5~the 2.0m of furrow, furrow face hack is raked, hold the drain ditch successfully;
C. sowing: in then early and middle ten days sowing in September, should select to sow before the rainy day and be advisable, press line-spacing 20~25cm drilling, every mu of seeding quantity 1.0~2.0kg, every mu of 1.0~1.2 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, be covered with one deck fine earth after broadcasting, to lose seed as degree, the furrow face waters permeable, covers one deck straw moisture-heat preservation, be beneficial to and emerge, begin behind 20~25d to emerge;
D. planting density: treat Qi Miaohou, dredge and remove weak seedling and seedling, field planting density keeps seeding row spacing 25cm * 25cm;
E. fertilising: the fertilising of selfheal land for growing field crops should use sufficient base manure; Prior to seeding, compoiste fertilizer 150~200kg/667m 2, superphosphate 20~40kg/667m 2, potassium sulphate 10~15kg/667m 2Topdress and should use chemical fertilizer, the period of topdressing, selfheal applied before the shooting stage at the next year early March, executed urea 10~15kg/667m 2, superphosphate 120~150kg/667m 2, potassium sulphate 15~20kg/667m 2
F. picking time: treat early and middle ten days in June next year, the selfheal fruit ear is brownish red, plucks fruit ear, naturally dries, and puts aeration-drying place and preserves.
2. a kind of selfheal high yield and quality cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the selfheal fruit ear per mu yield of adopting the method cultivation to obtain is 100kg~120kg; Rosmarinic acid contents can reach 0.40%~0.60%.
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CN104221842B (en) * 2014-08-26 2016-03-02 江汉大学 The hybridization cultivation method of a kind of selfheal
CN105493867A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-04-20 南京农业大学 Technology for continuously culturing chrysanthemum morifolium ramat and prunella vulgaris in Subei coastal areas
CN105850467A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-08-17 漾濞县昌茂林业开发有限公司 Method for breeding Prunella vulgaris L seedlings at cold highland areas
CN105724042B (en) * 2016-05-07 2018-11-02 河南森源祥药材科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of horehound
CN107371757A (en) * 2017-09-06 2017-11-24 贵州阳溪洪林中药材产业开发有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of selfheal
CN109952919A (en) * 2019-02-01 2019-07-02 广元市黎生农业开发有限公司 A kind of efficient implantation methods of Prunella vulgaris
CN110786209A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-14 河南中医药大学 Cultivation method for improving survival rate of selfheal seedlings and yield of selfheal

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