CN110786209A - Cultivation method for improving survival rate of selfheal seedlings and yield of selfheal - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving survival rate of selfheal seedlings and yield of selfheal Download PDFInfo
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- CN110786209A CN110786209A CN201911189906.1A CN201911189906A CN110786209A CN 110786209 A CN110786209 A CN 110786209A CN 201911189906 A CN201911189906 A CN 201911189906A CN 110786209 A CN110786209 A CN 110786209A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, preparation before sowing: in 8-month middle ten days, 25-30kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20-25kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8-15kg of plant ash are applied to each mu of cultivation land, and then ploughing, raking and trimming are carried out to form flat beds; step 2, seed selection and seed pretreatment: cold preserving Prunellae Spica seed at 4-6 deg.C for 1-2 weeks, soaking with polyethylene glycol solution for 8-12 hr, washing with distilled water for several times, and air drying at room temperature; step 3, sowing: sowing in the late 8 th-9 th ten days by adopting a drill sowing mode in the flat bed; step 4, seedling management: loosening soil and weeding after the seeds propagate and emerge, topdressing for 1-2 times in the growing period, and watering after topdressing; and step 5, harvesting: and (4) picking the cluster when the cluster of the selfheal is brownish red in the middle ten days of 6 months in the next year. The yield per mu of the selfheal dry spikes reaches more than 186.5kg, the yield per mu of the selfheal whole grass reaches more than 480.1kg, and the selfheal dry spikes have better economic and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal.
Background
Prunellae Spica (Prunella vulgaris L.) is a perennial herb of Labiatae, is 1-40 cm high, and is dried to be used as medicine. The 2010 version of pharmacopoeia is collected and listed as medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal materials in 2014. It is bitter and pungent in taste, cold in nature, and has the functions of clearing liver fire and dissipating stagnation, mainly treats headache, dizziness, scrofula, goiter and the like, and is widely applied clinically. The selfheal has the functions of reducing blood pressure and dilating blood vessels, the contained flavonoid component rutin and the phenylpropanoid component rosmarinic acid have the effects of resisting inflammation, oxidation and virus, and can achieve the clinical effect of reducing liver fat by reducing vascular permeability and brittleness, and the selfheal saponin has the functions of resisting cancer cells and resisting mutation. The common selfheal fruit-spike has wide clinical effects, Chinese patent medicines and functional beverages which mainly comprise raw medicinal materials occupy important positions in the market at present, and the common selfheal fruit-spike has good development and application prospects according to research and investigation.
Although the common selfheal is mainly prepared from wild plants and widely distributed, in recent years, due to the increase of demand, wild resources can not meet the huge market demand of the selfheal, so that the manual planting is an inevitable trend for sustainable utilization of selfheal resources. Although the artificial cultivation of the selfheal is carried out continuously in partial provinces and cities of China, the cultivation technology of the selfheal still faces a plurality of problems because the cultivation and planting history is short, the artificial cultivation starts late and the cultivation technology is extensive and scarce. The traditional planting and cultivating method has the defects of low emergence rate, low yield and poor quality in the planting process, and seriously influences the quality of the selfheal medicinal material and the application of related preparations, so that the research and development of the cultivating method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal are very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a cultivation method for improving the survival rate and the yield of selfheal seedlings, the selfheal seedlings have high survival rate, the yield is increased remarkably and the quality is stable.
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation before sowing:
in 8-ten days of the month, 25-30kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20-25kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8-15kg of plant ash are applied to each mu of cultivation land, then ploughing, raking and trimming are carried out to form flat beds, and bottom soil moisture is poured for 90-100mm before selfheal seeds are sowed;
step 2, seed selection and seed pretreatment:
taking selfheal seeds, refrigerating for 1-2 weeks at 4-6 ℃, soaking the refrigerated selfheal seeds in 25-35% polyethylene glycol solution for 8-12 hours, washing for several times by using distilled water, airing at room temperature, and storing for later use;
step 3, sowing:
sowing in the flat bed by adopting a drill sowing mode from the late 8 th ten days to the early 9 th months, ditching according to the row spacing of 18-22cm, sowing the preprocessed selfheal seeds in the ditches, and covering fine fertile soil after sowing;
step 4, seedling management:
loosening soil and weeding after the seeds propagate and emerge, removing weak seedlings and reserving strong seedlings when the selfheal seedlings are 5-7cm high, topdressing for 1-2 times in the growing period, watering after topdressing, keeping soil loose, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 60-70%;
and step 5, harvesting:
and (4) after the cluster of the selfheal is brownish red in the middle ten days of 6 months in the next year, picking the cluster, naturally drying in the sun, and storing in a ventilated and dry place.
Preferably, in step 3, 1.5-2kg of selfheal seeds are sown per mu of land.
Preferably, in the step 3, the spacing between the prunella vulgaris plants is 18-22 cm.
Preferably, in the step 3, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, and the cultivation land is covered with plant ash after sowing: the fine soil is 1: covering the fine fertile soil of 3 by 80-180mm, watering and moisturizing, and keeping the soil humidity of the ridge surface at 30-40%.
Preferably, in the step 4, the weeding mode is that when 2 leaves and 1 core of the weed are adopted, 80-100mL of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil is mixed with 45-55kg of water per mu, and the weed stem leaves are uniformly sprayed for chemical weeding.
Preferably, in the step 4, 8-12kg of urea, 6-10kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15kg of potassium sulfate and 5-8kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu of land for topdressing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation method for improving the survival rate of the selfheal seedlings and the yield of the selfheal effectively solves the problems of low yield and poor quality of the selfheal, improves the emergence rate and the emergence vigor of the selfheal seeds, promotes strong seedlings and improves the yield of the selfheal by soaking the selfheal seeds in the polyethylene glycol solution, and has high economic and application values, and the yield per mu of the cultivation method for the selfheal reaches over 178.5 kg.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the polyethylene glycol used in the following examples is PEG-6000, which is commercially available from Nantong Shunjin chemical Co., Ltd.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation before sowing:
in 8 ten days in the middle of the month, 28kg of phosphate fertilizer, 22kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 12kg of plant ash are applied to each mu of cultivation land, then ploughing, raking and trimming into flat beds, and watering bottom soil moisture for 90-100mm before sowing the selfheal seeds;
step 2, seed selection and seed pretreatment:
taking selfheal seeds, refrigerating for 1 week at 5 ℃, soaking the refrigerated selfheal seeds in a polyethylene glycol solution with the mass fraction of 30% for 10 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water for a plurality of times, airing the seeds at room temperature, and storing the seeds for later use;
step 3, sowing:
in the late 8 months, sowing is carried out in a strip sowing mode in a flat furrow, ditching is carried out according to the row spacing of 20cm, the preprocessed selfheal seeds are sowed in the ditches, the sowing depth is 3cm, the row spacing of the selfheal is 20cm, 1.8kg of the selfheal seeds are sowed in each mu of land, and plant ash is covered after sowing: the fine soil is 1: 3, covering the furrow with 120mm of fine fertile soil, watering and moisturizing, and keeping the soil humidity of the furrow surface at 35%;
step 4, seedling management:
loosening soil after the seeds propagate and grow seedlings, when 2 leaves and 1 core of weeds are generated, adding 50kg of water into 90mL of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil per mu, uniformly spraying on stems and leaves of the weeds for chemical weeding, when the height of selfheal seedlings is 6cm, removing weak seedlings and reserving strong seedlings, topdressing for 2 times in a growth period, applying 10kg of urea, 8kg of diammonium phosphate, 12kg of potassium sulfate and 6kg of calcium superphosphate per mu, watering after topdressing, keeping soil loose, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 65%;
and step 5, harvesting:
and (4) after the cluster of the selfheal appears brownish red in the middle ten days of the next 6 months, picking the cluster, naturally drying in the sun, and storing in a ventilated and dry place.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation before sowing:
in 8-month mid-ten days, 25kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8kg of plant ash are applied to each mu of cultivation land, then ploughing, raking and trimming into flat beds, and watering bottom soil moisture for 90-100mm before sowing the selfheal seeds;
step 2, seed selection and seed pretreatment:
taking selfheal seeds, refrigerating for 2 weeks at 4 ℃, soaking the refrigerated selfheal seeds in 35% polyethylene glycol solution for 8 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water for several times, airing the seeds at room temperature, and storing the seeds for later use;
step 3, sowing:
in the last ten days of 9 months, sowing seeds in a drill sowing mode in a flat furrow, ditching according to the row spacing of 18cm, sowing the preprocessed selfheal seeds in the ditches with the sowing depth of 4cm and the selfheal planting distance of 18cm, sowing 1.5kg of selfheal seeds in each mu of land, and covering the seeds with plant ash after sowing: the fine soil is 1: 3, covering the furrow with fine fertile soil of 80mm, watering and moisturizing, and keeping the soil humidity of the furrow surface at 30%;
step 4, seedling management:
loosening soil after the seeds propagate and grow seedlings, when 2 leaves and 1 core of weeds are generated, adding 45kg of water into 80mL of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil per mu, uniformly spraying on stems and leaves of the weeds for chemical weeding, when the height of selfheal seedlings is 5cm, removing weak seedlings and reserving strong seedlings, topdressing for 1 time in a growth period, applying 8kg of urea, 10kg of diammonium phosphate, 15kg of potassium sulfate and 5kg of calcium superphosphate per mu, watering after topdressing, keeping soil loose, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 60%;
and step 5, harvesting:
and (4) after the cluster of the selfheal appears brownish red in the middle ten days of the next 6 months, picking the cluster, naturally drying in the sun, and storing in a ventilated and dry place.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation before sowing:
in 8-month mid-ten days, 30g of phosphate fertilizer, 20kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 15kg of plant ash are applied to each mu of cultivation land, then ploughing, raking and trimming into flat beds, and watering bottom soil moisture for 90-100mm before sowing the selfheal seeds;
step 2, seed selection and seed pretreatment:
taking selfheal seeds, refrigerating for 2 weeks at 6 ℃, soaking the refrigerated selfheal seeds in a polyethylene glycol solution with the mass fraction of 25% for 12 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water for a plurality of times, airing the seeds at room temperature, and storing the seeds for later use;
step 3, sowing:
in the last ten days of 9 months, sowing seeds in a strip sowing mode in a flat furrow, ditching according to the row spacing of 22cm, sowing the preprocessed selfheal seeds in the ditches with the sowing depth of 4cm and the selfheal planting distance of 22cm, sowing 2kg of selfheal seeds in each mu of land, and covering the seeds with plant ash after sowing: the fine soil is 1: 3, covering the furrow with 180mm of fine fertile soil, watering and moisturizing, and keeping the soil humidity of the furrow surface at 40%;
step 4, seedling management:
loosening soil after the seeds propagate and grow seedlings, when 2 leaves and 1 core of weeds are generated, adding 55kg of water into 100mL of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil per mu, uniformly spraying on stems and leaves of the weeds for chemical weeding, when the height of selfheal seedlings is 7cm, removing weak seedlings and reserving strong seedlings, topdressing for 2 times in a growth period, and after topdressing, applying 12kg of urea, 6kg of diammonium phosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate and 8kg of calcium superphosphate per mu, watering to keep soil loose, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 70%;
and step 5, harvesting:
and (4) after the cluster of the selfheal appears brownish red in the middle ten days of the next 6 months, picking the cluster, naturally drying in the sun, and storing in a ventilated and dry place.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal, which is the same as the example 1 except for the step 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal, in the step 2, selfheal seeds are refrigerated at 5 ℃ for 1 week, the refrigerated selfheal seeds are soaked in clear water for 10 hours, then the seeds are washed by distilled water for a plurality of times, dried at room temperature and stored for later use, and other methods are the same as the method in the example 1.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal, which is the same as the example 1 except for the step 4.
The effect of the selfheal seedling cultivation method in the examples and the comparative examples is as follows:
the cultivation of selfheal was carried out by the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4, respectively, the other management methods were the same, and the emergence rate, emergence potential and seedling height of each group of selfheal seeds and the yield of selfheal were recorded, and the cultivation effects of the selfheal of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
Use the 2 leaves of prunella vulgaris to come out of earth completely as the standard of emerging, observe the number of seedlings of record once during the period of emerging 5d, until seeding 30d after, statistics rate of emergence and seedling potential, wherein:
rate of emergence (total number of emergence/number of sown seeds) × 100%
The emergence vigor (number of seedlings emerging at the peak emergence stage/number of sown seeds) is multiplied by 100%
TABLE 1 rate of emergence, emergence vigor, average plant height of Prunella vulgaris seeds obtained by different cultivation methods and acre yield of Prunella vulgaris
As can be seen from Table 1, the method for cultivating Prunella vulgaris in examples 1-3 of the present invention has the advantages that the rate of emergence and the potential energy of emergence of the Prunella vulgaris seeds reach 90.5% and 82.3% respectively, the average plant height of the Prunella vulgaris is above 38.8cm, the acre yield of the dry ears of the Prunella vulgaris reaches above 186.5kg, and the acre yield of the whole grass of the Prunella vulgaris reaches above 480.1 kg. Compared with the comparative example 1, the application of fertilizer to each mu of cultivation land before sowing has great promotion effect on the emergence rate, emergence potential, average plant height and per mu yield of the selfheal seeds, and compared with the comparative example 2, the fertilization method has the advantages that the emergence rate and emergence potential of the selfheal seeds can be obviously improved after the selfheal seeds are soaked in the polyethylene glycol solution, and the per mu yield of the selfheal is further improved. In addition, as can be seen from comparative example 3, the management of the seedling stage at the later stage also had a great influence on the yield of selfheal.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for improving the survival rate of selfheal seedlings and the yield of selfheal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparation before sowing:
in 8-ten days of the month, 25-30kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20-25kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8-15kg of plant ash are applied to each mu of cultivation land, then ploughing, raking and trimming are carried out to form flat beds, and bottom soil moisture is poured for 90-100mm before selfheal seeds are sowed;
step 2, seed selection and seed pretreatment:
taking selfheal seeds, refrigerating for 1-2 weeks at 4-6 ℃, soaking the refrigerated selfheal seeds in 25-35% polyethylene glycol solution for 8-12 hours, washing for several times by using distilled water, airing at room temperature, and storing for later use;
step 3, sowing:
sowing in the flat bed by adopting a drill sowing mode from the late 8 th ten days to the early 9 th months, ditching according to the row spacing of 18-22cm, sowing the preprocessed selfheal seeds in the ditches, and covering fine fertile soil after sowing;
step 4, seedling management:
loosening soil and weeding after the seeds propagate and emerge, removing weak seedlings and reserving strong seedlings when the selfheal seedlings are 5-7cm high, topdressing for 1-2 times in the growing period, watering after topdressing, keeping soil loose, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 60-70%;
and step 5, harvesting:
and (4) after the cluster of the selfheal is brownish red in the middle ten days of 6 months in the next year, picking the cluster, naturally drying in the sun, and storing in a ventilated and dry place.
2. The cultivation method for improving the survival rate of the selfheal seedlings and the yield of the selfheal according to the claim 1, wherein 1.5-2kg of the selfheal seeds are sown per mu in the step 3.
3. The cultivation method for improving the survival rate of the selfheal seedlings and the yield of the selfheal according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the spacing between the selfheal plants is 18-22 cm.
4. The cultivation method for improving the survival rate of the selfheal seedlings and the yield of the selfheal according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, and the cultivation land is covered with plant ash after sowing: the fine soil is 1: covering the fine fertile soil of 3 by 80-180mm, watering and moisturizing, and keeping the soil humidity of the ridge surface at 30-40%.
5. The cultivation method for improving the survival rate of the selfheal seedlings and the yield of the selfheal in the step 4 is characterized in that in the weeding mode in the step 4, when 2 leaves and 1 heart of weeds are generated, 80-100mL of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil is added with 45-55kg of water per mu, and chemical weeding is uniformly sprayed on the stems and leaves of the weeds.
6. The cultivation method for improving the survival rate of the seedlings of the selfheal and the yield of the selfheal according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4, 8-12kg of urea, 6-10kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15kg of potassium sulfate and 5-8kg of calcium superphosphate are applied for each mu.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112154847A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-01 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心 | Method for interplanting selfheal in camellia oleifera young forest |
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