CN112021116A - Rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum - Google Patents
Rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021116A CN112021116A CN202010918647.8A CN202010918647A CN112021116A CN 112021116 A CN112021116 A CN 112021116A CN 202010918647 A CN202010918647 A CN 202010918647A CN 112021116 A CN112021116 A CN 112021116A
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- polygonatum kingianum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and discloses a rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting mountain broad-leaved forest with elevation height of 1300m-2000m and gradient of 15-40 deg, cleaning withered branches and leaves, ploughing to reach width of 1.2 m, and ditching for 35 cm; (2) selecting fresh polygonatum kingianum fruits which are robust in growth and development, full in seeds and free of diseases and insect pests, peeling, disinfecting, and sowing for germination; (3) transplanting the germinated seeds into a culture medium for seedling culture, and covering a preservative film to obtain polygonatum kingianum seedlings; (4) before field planting, applying decomposed sheep manure in the planting furrows, deeply ploughing and leveling, placing polygonatum kingianum seedlings in the planting furrows, covering soil and compacting, and then covering a dead branch and leaf layer; (5) after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeds are regularly cleaned, the seedlings are timely supplemented with water, and the shading rate is controlled; removing plant diseases and insect pests in time; topdressing is carried out for 1-2 times per year. The breeding method shortens the growth period, reduces the residue problem of pesticide and fertilizer, and improves the product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and relates to a rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum.
Background
Polygonatum kingianum is a perennial herb plant of Polygonatum of Liliaceae, is one of the basic source plants of Polygonatum kingianum specified in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China, is a traditional bulk medicinal material used as both medicine and food in China, is a medicinal material variety in provinces and places of Yunnan province, and mainly produces Yunnan. Districts such as Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and the like are distributed to a certain extent and mainly grow in shade and wet woodlands and shrub clusters with the elevation of 700-3000 m.
Rhizoma Polygonati has effects of invigorating spleen, replenishing qi, moistening heart and lung, and strengthening tendons and bones. It is contraindicated for deficiency, impairment of cold and heat, pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis, asthenia after illness, poor appetite, weak bones and muscles, rheumatic pain, leprosy, moderate cold, diarrhea, phlegm dampness, fullness and distention, and qi stagnation. The essential food for health preservation is called Xianjia remainder food. The modern Chinese medicine compound preparation prepared by using rhizoma polygonati as a main raw material comprises kidney nourishing and essence removing pills, diabetes and blood sugar reducing tablets, diabetes eliminating capsules, rhizoma polygonati injection, ginseng and rhizoma polygonati electuary, health and longevity oral liquid and the like. The polygonatum kingianum is not only widely applied to clinical traditional Chinese medicine, but also is a famous dietotherapy tonifying traditional Chinese medicine, and the fleshy rhizome thereof has the efficacies of tonifying qi and yin, strengthening spleen and moistening lung, tonifying kidney and promoting the production of body fluid and the like, and is known as the soil for tonifying both blood and qi. With the development of the major health industry, polygonatum kingianum is widely popular in the market as a medicinal and edible food, has a wide market prospect, and is listed as a genuine medicinal material variety which is intensively developed in Yunnan province.
The polygonatum kingianum is a medicinal material under shade-loving forest, is in a mountain area in Yunnan province, is very suitable for planting polygonatum kingianum in a wide mountain area, promotes the planting of polygonatum kingianum under the forest, adopts forest and medicine composite planting, combines long-period forestry with short-period production of Chinese medicinal materials, and has important significance for developing forest economy and promoting agricultural rural economic development. At present, the cultivation technology of polygonatum kingianum is immature, so that the cultivated polygonatum kingianum plants are weak in growth, low in yield and degraded in quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of non-standard planting, higher cost, low yield and difficulty in large-area popularization in the prior art, and provides a rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum, which is independent of chemical fertilizers, low in production cost and high in yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a forest land: clearing up dead branches and leaves, removing over-dense branches and leaves on the trees at the same time, and opening furrows after ploughing, wherein the altitude of the mountain broad-leaved forest is 1300m-2000m and the gradient is 15-40 degrees: the width of each groove is 25cm, the depth of each groove is 35cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 20-25 cm;
(2) sowing and sprouting: selecting 8 ripe fresh polygonatum kingianum fruits which are robust in growth and development, full in seeds and free of diseases and insect pests, peeling off peels, taking out seeds, disinfecting the seeds with 75% alcohol by volume fraction, and then sowing and germinating;
(3) transplanting and seedling: transplanting the seeds germinated in the step (2) into a culture medium for seedling culture, covering a preservative film, keeping no direct light irradiation for 7 days after transplanting, and removing the film after one week to obtain polygonatum kingianum seedlings;
(4) planting: applying decomposed sheep manure in the planting furrows before field planting, deeply ploughing and leveling, placing Polygonatum kingianum seedlings in the planting furrows at a plant spacing of 15-25cm before rainy season, covering 2.5-3cm of soil at the roots of the seedlings, compacting, and then covering pine hairs with a thickness of 2.5-3 cm; watering thoroughly the root fixing water 2 days after planting, and watering once a week later;
(5) cultivation management: after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeds are regularly cleaned, the seedlings are timely supplemented with water, the water content of the soil is kept between 45 and 55 percent, and the shading rate is controlled; spraying copper hydroxide water dispersible granules when the polygonatum kingianum has the harm of leaf spot or brown spot; when root rot occurs, timely digging out diseased seedlings or irrigating roots with Bordeaux mixture; topdressing is carried out for 1-2 times per year.
Preferably, the sowing in the step (2) is carried out by sowing seeds on a sand bed and covering the seeds with river sand with the thickness of 1cm at the air temperature of 18-25 ℃ and the sunshine duration of 1990-2100h, and transplanting the seeds after germination.
Preferably, the culture medium in the step (3) is prepared from coconut coir, black soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 5-10: 1: 3-5, mixing.
Preferably, the temperature in the fresh film is kept at 18-28 ℃ and the humidity is kept at 75-85% in the step (3).
Preferably, 1800-.
Preferably, the shading rate of the step (5) is controlled to be 35-45%.
Preferably, the top dressing in the step (5) is to apply 1000-2000 kg of decomposed sheep manure and 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the breeding method adopts an under-forest planting method to carry out after-ripening treatment on the seeds, can break the dormancy stage of the polygonatum kingianum seeds, shorten the germination stage of the polygonatum kingianum seeds, promote the germination of the polygonatum kingianum seeds, shorten the cultivation period and ensure that the emergence rate is as high as more than 96%.
(2) The breeding method can ensure that the water and the nutrients are sufficient in the growth process of the seedlings through controlling the shading rate and the water and fertilizer, the growth vigor of the seedlings is strong, the growth speed is high, the seedling period is further shortened, and the seedling cost is reduced.
(3) The breeding method shortens the growth period, reduces the use of cultivated land compared with field planting, reduces the residue problem of pesticide and fertilizer, improves the product quality, increases the output benefit of forest land, reduces the use of cultivated land, and is beneficial to grain safety; the forest income range is increased, and forest resource protection is facilitated; reducing the production cost of polygonatum kingianum and improving the product quality.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a forest land: clearing withered branches and leaves, simultaneously removing over-dense branches and leaves on trees, and ditching after ploughing, wherein the altitude of the mountain broad-leaved forest is 1300m and the gradient of the mountain broad-leaved forest is 15 degrees: the width of each groove is 12cm, the depth of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 20 cm;
(2) sowing and sprouting: selecting fresh 8-ripe polygonatum kingianum fruits which are robust in growth and development, full in seeds and free of diseases and insect pests, peeling off peels, taking out seeds, disinfecting the seeds with 75% alcohol by volume fraction, then sowing, selecting air temperature of 18 ℃ and sunshine hours of 1990h, sowing the seeds on a sand bed, covering the seeds with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, and transplanting the seeds after the seeds germinate;
(3) transplanting and seedling: transplanting the seeds germinated in the step (2) into a container filled with coconut chaff, black soil and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 5: 1: 3, culturing seedlings in a culture medium formed by mixing, covering a preservative film, keeping the temperature in the preservative film at 18 ℃ and the humidity at 75% within 7 days after transplanting, and removing the film after one week to obtain polygonatum kingianum seedlings;
(4) planting: before field planting, applying 1800 kilograms of decomposed sheep manure per mu in a planting ditch, deeply ploughing and leveling, placing Polygonatum kingianum seedlings in the planting ditch at a plant spacing of 15cm before rainy season, covering 2.5cm of soil at the roots of the seedlings, compacting and then covering pine hairs with the thickness of 2.5 cm; watering thoroughly the root fixing water 2 days after planting, and watering once a week later;
(5) cultivation management: after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeds are regularly cleaned, the seedlings are timely supplemented with water, the water content of the soil is kept between 45%, and the shading rate is controlled to be 35%; spraying copper hydroxide water dispersible granules when the polygonatum kingianum has the harm of leaf spot or brown spot; when root rot occurs, timely digging out diseased seedlings or irrigating roots with Bordeaux mixture; fertilizing for 1-2 times per year, applying 1000 kg of decomposed sheep manure, and applying 40 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu.
Example 2
A rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a forest land: clearing withered branches and leaves, simultaneously removing over-dense branches and leaves on trees, and ditching after ploughing, wherein the altitude of the mountain broad-leaved forest is 1800m and the gradient of the mountain broad-leaved forest is 25 degrees: the width of each groove is 15cm, the depth of each groove is 13cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 22 cm;
(2) sowing and sprouting: selecting 8-ripe fresh polygonatum kingianum fruits which are robust in growth and development, full in seeds and free of diseases and insect pests, peeling off peels, taking out seeds, disinfecting the seeds with 75% alcohol by volume fraction, sowing the seeds, selecting the air temperature of 20 ℃ and the sunshine hours of 2000h, sowing the seeds on a sand bed, covering river sand with the thickness of 1cm on the seeds, and transplanting the seeds after the seeds germinate;
(3) transplanting and seedling: transplanting the seeds germinated in the step (2) into a container filled with coconut chaff, black soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 10: 1: 4, culturing seedlings in a culture medium formed by mixing, covering a preservative film, keeping the temperature in the preservative film at 25 ℃ and the humidity within 7 days after 80% transplanting without direct light irradiation, and removing the film after one week to obtain polygonatum kingianum seedlings;
(4) planting: before field planting, applying 2200 kg of decomposed sheep manure per mu in a planting ditch, deeply ploughing and leveling, placing Polygonatum kingianum seedlings in the planting ditch at a plant spacing of 19cm before rainy season, covering the roots of the seedlings with 3cm of soil, compacting, and then covering pine hair with the thickness of 3 cm; watering thoroughly the root fixing water 2 days after planting, and watering once a week later;
(5) cultivation management: after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeds are regularly cleaned, the seedlings are timely supplemented with water, the water content of the soil is kept between 50%, and the shading rate is controlled to be 40%; spraying copper hydroxide water dispersible granules when the polygonatum kingianum has the harm of leaf spot or brown spot; when root rot occurs, timely digging out diseased seedlings or irrigating roots with Bordeaux mixture; fertilizing for 1-2 times per year, applying 1500 kg of decomposed sheep manure, and applying 35 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu.
Example 3
A rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a forest land: clearing withered branches and leaves, simultaneously removing over-dense branches and leaves on trees, and ditching after ploughing, wherein the altitude of the mountain broad-leaved forest is 2000m and the gradient of the mountain broad-leaved forest is 40 degrees: the width of each groove is 20cm, the depth of each groove is 15cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 25 cm;
(2) sowing and sprouting: selecting 8-ripe fresh polygonatum kingianum fruits which are robust in growth and development, full in seeds and free of diseases and insect pests, peeling off peels, taking out seeds, disinfecting the seeds with 75% alcohol by volume fraction, sowing the seeds, selecting air temperature of 25 ℃ and sunshine hours of 12100h, sowing the seeds on a sand bed, covering river sand with the thickness of 1cm on the seeds, and transplanting the seeds after the seeds germinate;
(3) transplanting and seedling: transplanting the seeds germinated in the step (2) into a container filled with coconut chaff, black soil and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 8: 1: 5, culturing seedlings in a culture medium formed by mixing, covering a preservative film, keeping the temperature in the preservative film at 28 ℃ and the humidity within 7 days after 85% transplanting without direct light irradiation, and removing the film after one week to obtain polygonatum kingianum seedlings;
(4) planting: before field planting, applying 2500 kg of decomposed sheep manure per mu in a planting ditch, deeply ploughing and leveling, placing Polygonatum kingianum seedlings in the planting ditch at a plant spacing of 25cm before rainy season, covering 2.5cm of soil at the roots of the seedlings, compacting, and then covering pine hair with the thickness of 3 cm; watering thoroughly the root fixing water 2 days after planting, and watering once a week later;
(5) cultivation management: after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeds are regularly cleaned, the seedlings are timely supplemented with water, the water content of the soil is kept between 55%, and the shading rate is controlled to be 45%; spraying copper hydroxide water dispersible granules when the polygonatum kingianum has the harm of leaf spot or brown spot; when root rot occurs, timely digging out diseased seedlings or irrigating roots with Bordeaux mixture; fertilizing for 1-2 times per year, applying 2000 kg of decomposed sheep manure, and applying 30 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu.
The polygonatum kingianum bred by the method of the embodiment 2 only needs 3 months from sowing to seedling emergence, the seedling emergence is neat and high in rate of emergence, the rate of emergence is 96.1%, seedlings cultivated by the method are fast in rooting, thick and strong in stem and vigorous in growth, the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is high, and the survival rate of the seedlings reaches 97.6%. Meanwhile, the transplanted seedlings have the advantages of high growth speed, vigorous growth, high growth speed, strong disease resistance and stress resistance, no occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, good quality of the harvested polygonatum kingianum roots, high yield and good yield, and the acre yield is increased by 15 percent compared with the traditional cultivation method.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention, but is made merely for the purpose of providing an understanding of the principles of the embodiments; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the present embodiment, there may be a change in the specific implementation and application scope, and in summary, the present disclosure should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rapid breeding method of polygonatum kingianum is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a forest land: clearing up dead branches and leaves, removing over-dense branches and leaves on the trees at the same time, and opening furrows after ploughing, wherein the altitude of the mountain broad-leaved forest is 1300m-2000m and the gradient is 15-40 degrees: the width of each groove is 25cm, the depth of each groove is 35cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 20-25 cm;
(2) sowing and sprouting: selecting 8 ripe fresh polygonatum kingianum fruits which are robust in growth and development, full in seeds and free of diseases and insect pests, peeling off peels, taking out seeds, disinfecting the seeds with 75% alcohol by volume fraction, and then sowing and germinating;
(3) transplanting and seedling: transplanting the seeds germinated in the step (2) into a culture medium for seedling culture, covering a preservative film, keeping no direct light irradiation for 7 days after transplanting, and removing the film after one week to obtain polygonatum kingianum seedlings;
(4) planting: applying decomposed sheep manure in the planting furrows before field planting, deeply ploughing and leveling, placing Polygonatum kingianum seedlings in the planting furrows at a plant spacing of 15-25cm before rainy season, covering 2.5-3cm of soil at the roots of the seedlings, compacting, and then covering pine hairs with a thickness of 2.5-3 cm; watering thoroughly the root fixing water 2 days after planting, and watering once a week later;
(5) cultivation management: after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, weeds are regularly cleaned, the seedlings are timely supplemented with water, the water content of the soil is kept between 45 and 55 percent, and the shading rate is controlled; spraying copper hydroxide water dispersible granules when the polygonatum kingianum has the harm of leaf spot or brown spot; when root rot occurs, timely digging out diseased seedlings or irrigating roots with Bordeaux mixture; topdressing is carried out for 1-2 times per year.
2. The polygonatum kingianum rapid breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sowing in the step (2) is to sow the seeds on a sand bed at the air temperature of 18-25 ℃ and the sunshine duration of 1990-2100h, cover the seeds with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, and transplant the seeds after germination.
3. The polygonatum kingianum rapid breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the culture medium in the step (3) is prepared from coconut coir, black soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 5-10: 1: 3-5, mixing.
4. The polygonatum kingianum rapid breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) keeping the temperature in the fresh film at 18-28 ℃ and the humidity at 75-85%.
5. The polygonatum kingianum rapid breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) applying 1800 and 2500 kilograms of decomposed sheep manure per mu.
6. The polygonatum kingianum rapid breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (5) controlling the shading rate to be 35-45%.
7. The polygonatum kingianum rapid breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (5) applying 2000 kg of decomposed sheep manure and 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114402931A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Cultivation method of polygonatum kingianum under forest |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105993465A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 澜沧澎勃生物药业有限公司 | In-forest interplanting method for polygonatum kingianum |
| CN108849346A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-23 | 曲靖市沾益区生物资源开发技术推广站 | A kind of polygonatum kingianurn growing nursery and culture method based on seed growing |
| CN109429966A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-08 | 普洱市林业科学研究所 | Simplified polygonatum kingianum seed seedling culture method with short period |
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2020
- 2020-09-04 CN CN202010918647.8A patent/CN112021116A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105993465A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 澜沧澎勃生物药业有限公司 | In-forest interplanting method for polygonatum kingianum |
| CN108849346A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-23 | 曲靖市沾益区生物资源开发技术推广站 | A kind of polygonatum kingianurn growing nursery and culture method based on seed growing |
| CN109429966A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-08 | 普洱市林业科学研究所 | Simplified polygonatum kingianum seed seedling culture method with short period |
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| CN114402931A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Cultivation method of polygonatum kingianum under forest |
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