CN112075307A - Rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method and application thereof - Google Patents
Rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a paddy-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method and application thereof, wherein the planting method comprises two steps of paddy planting and selfheal planting, compared with the conventional planting method, the paddy-selfheal paddy-upland rotation planting method provided by the invention can obviously improve the quality and benefit, the yield per mu of selfheal rotated by the planting method can reach 502kg at most, the yield per mu of paddy can reach 546kg at most, the rice quality is obviously improved, the total content of isorosmarinic acid glycoside and rosmarinic acid in selfheal clusters reaches 0.593%, which far exceeds the standard (more than or equal to 0.2%), thus the invention has certain practicability and superiority in the aspect of selfheal-paddy rotation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice crop rotation ecological planting, in particular to a rice-selfheal paddy-upland field crop rotation ecological planting method and application thereof.
Background
The Prunellae Spica is a perennial herb of Labiatae, can be used as a medicine, has bitter and pungent taste and cold property, enters liver and gallbladder meridians, and has the effects of clearing liver fire, dispelling blood stasis and reducing blood pressure. The selfheal is a traditional Chinese medicinal material with a large using amount, the planting condition is not high, the production is extensive, the labor is less, the planting benefit is high, seeding is carried out from the bottom of 8 months to the beginning of 9 months every year, harvesting is carried out in the middle and the lower ten days of the next month, and rice can be planted in one season after harvesting, so that paddy-upland rotation is realized, the soil structure is improved, the soil fertilizer efficiency and the air permeability are improved, the rice yield is obviously improved, and the rice quality is also improved. The paddy-upland rotation can enhance the resistance of rice, reduce the harm of diseases and pests, correspondingly reduce the using amount of pesticides, improve the rice safety, optimize the planting structure and greatly improve the planting benefit.
In recent years, the rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation planting mode is started in the western river, selfheal and rice are rotated, the rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation technology is popularized in the whole market from 2016 to 2018 for 9 ten thousand mu, good economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are obtained, in order to further improve the rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation planting benefits, further research and improvement on the existing planting technology are needed, and the rice yield is improved while the medicinal value of selfheal is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further improve the rice yield and the medicinal value of the selfheal during rice-selfheal rotation, the invention provides a novel rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method and application thereof.
A paddy rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) before planting rice, selecting a rice field with medium fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling field, reserving the seedling field according to the proportion of the seedling field to the field by 1:12, harrowing, then weeding, then carrying out deep rotary tillage on the seedling field by using a rotary cultivator, fertilizing while carrying out the deep rotary tillage, applying a granular bio-organic fertilizer into the seedling field while carrying out the rotary tillage, wherein the distance between a rotary tillage cutter and the soil during the deep rotary tillage is 10cm-16 cm;
(2) selecting complete and mildew-free rice seeds, sunning for 1d-2d, keeping ventilation during sunning, stirring the seeds evenly and turning over every 3h-6h to prevent the seeds from being wet, soaking the seeds in a pesticide with a material-water ratio of 1:3 after the sunning is finished, cleaning the seeds with clear water after the seed soaking, and accelerating germination at the temperature of 20-25 ℃;
(3) sowing is carried out between 5 months and 25 days, the seedling age is 23-25d, the sowing quantity is 3kg-3.5kg per mu, and the planting density is 0.9-1.1 ten thousand holes per mu; the method for raising the seedlings by adopting a plastic disc moistening seedling raising method comprises the steps of placing water on a furrow every day in a sunny day in a leaf period for moistening once, placing the water on the furrow in a sunny day in a two-leaf period, placing dry water in a rainy day in a half-furrow in a cloudy day, spraying 300kg-400kg of biogas slurry per mu when two leaves are placed in one core, and spraying crop delivery chemicals 2d-3d before transplanting;
(4) before harvesting, removing field miscellaneous plants in time, and removing barnyard grass to ensure the purity and quality of rice, wherein 90% of the rice is yellow and ripe, namely when the rice husk turns from yellow to grey, the rice must be harvested in time in a sunny way;
(5) harrowing the rice for 2-3 times after harvesting, removing weeds, performing shallow rotary tillage on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, applying fertilizers while performing rotary tillage, using 20-25 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, applying the bio-organic fertilizer to a seedling bed while performing rotary tillage, inserting a rotary tillage cutter into the soil for a distance of 5-10 cm during the shallow rotary tillage, preparing soil after the rotary tillage to form a furrow, wherein the furrow width is 1.2-1.4m, the height is 0.2-0.3m, the furrow width is 0.3m, soil is required to be crushed, and the furrow surface is smooth;
(6) sowing the selfheal in last ten days of 9 months, applying 155-185 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of land before sowing, using 2.5-3 kg of seeds to each mu of seedling land, uniformly sowing, covering thin-layer fine soil after sowing, not exceeding 2cm, watering thoroughly on the furrow surface, germinating about two weeks after sowing, and basically leveling the seedlings after three weeks. Watering in time in a sunny day for a plurality of continuous days, sprinkling water around the tender shoots by adopting a spraying mode, wherein flood irrigation is not suitable, when weeds have two leaves and one core, 50mL of special low-toxicity low-residue herbicide is added with 30kg of water per mu of land, and weeding is carried out in the tender grass stage of the weeds;
(7) thinning the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 3cm-5cm, removing weak seedlings and reserving strong seedlings, transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and one heart, finishing transplanting at the bottom of 10 months, and setting the transplanting specification as a row moment of 25cmx30 cm;
(8) topdressing urea 10kg-15kg per mu when the seedlings reach 10 leaves, and weeding regularly;
(9) when the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ in winter, a plastic film protection shed with the height of 1.8m-2m is built around the ground surface, ventilation openings are reserved at the front end and the rear end of the protection shed, when the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, wood is burned at the ventilation openings of the protection shed for 3h-5h, and the temperature is increased and prevented from freezing;
(10) harvesting Prunellae Spica at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, preferably with big ear, brownish red color, and shaken as sound ear, when the ear turns yellow brown, cutting, picking off the ear, sun drying, shaking or rubbing out the seed, removing impurities, and storing for use;
(11) preparing for preparing rice to plant and harvest, then preparing soil in time, and preparing for the next round of rice planting.
Furthermore, the distance between the rotary blade and the soil during deep rotary tillage is 16cm, the distance between the rotary blade and the soil during shallow rotary tillage is 6cm, the land is prepared and ridged after rotary tillage, the ridge width is 1.2-1.4m, the height is 0.2-0.3m, the furrow width is 0.3m, the soil is required to be crushed, and the ridge surface is smooth.
Furthermore, the seeds are kept ventilated during sun-drying, and the seeds are stirred uniformly and turned over every 5 hours.
Furthermore, the sowing time of the selfheal is ten days in 9 months, 175kg of the biological organic fertilizer is applied to each mu before sowing, and 2.7kg of seeds are planted in each mu of seedling raising land.
Further, when the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ in winter, a plastic film protection shed with the height of 2m is built around the ground surface, ventilation openings are reserved at the front end and the rear end of the protection shed, and when the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, wood is combusted at the ventilation openings of the protection shed for 3-5 hours.
The invention also provides application of the rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method in selfheal rotation.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the conventional planting method, the paddy rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method provided by the invention is characterized in that the bio-organic fertilizer is mainly used, chemical pesticides are not used, and the product quality and benefit can be obviously improved. The selfheal yield per mu of the rotation by the planting method is 485 minus mu of 502kg, the rice yield per mu of 534 minus mu of 546kg, and the rice quality is obviously improved; the total content of the isorosmarinic acid glycoside and the rosmarinic acid in the selfheal fruit cluster is measured to reach 0.571 to 0.593 percent according to a pharmacopoeia method, which is far more than the standard (more than or equal to 0.2 percent) and has certain practicability and superiority in the selfheal crop rotation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific material ratios, process conditions and results thereof described in the examples are illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
The first embodiment is as follows:
planting rice: before planting rice, selecting a rice field with medium fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling field, reserving the seedling field according to the proportion of the seedling field to the field by 1:12, raking the field, then weeding, then carrying out deep rotary tillage on the seedling field by using a rotary cultivator, fertilizing while carrying out the deep rotary tillage, applying a granular bio-organic fertilizer into the seedling field while carrying out the rotary tillage, wherein the distance between a rotary tillage cutter and the soil is 10cm during the deep rotary tillage; selecting complete and mildew-free rice seeds, sunning for 1d, keeping ventilation during sunning, stirring the seeds evenly and turning over every 3h to prevent the seeds from being wet, soaking the seeds by using a pesticide with a material-water ratio of 1:3 after the sunning is finished, cleaning the seeds by using clear water after the seed soaking, and accelerating germination at the temperature of 20 ℃; sowing is carried out between 5 months and 25 days, the seedling age is 23d, the sowing quantity is 3kg per mu, and the transplanting density is 0.9 ten thousand holes per mu; the method for raising the seedlings by adopting a plastic plate wetting seedling raising method comprises the steps of placing water on a furrow every day in a sunny day in a leaf period for wetting, placing the water on the furrow in a sunny day in a two-leaf period, placing dry water in a rainy day in a half-furrow in a cloudy day, spraying 300kg of biogas slurry per mu when two leaves are placed in one core, and spraying crop chemicals 2 days before transplanting; before harvesting, removing field miscellaneous plants in time, and removing barnyard grass to ensure the purity and quality of rice, wherein 90% of the rice is yellow and ripe, namely when the rice husk turns from yellow to grey, the rice must be harvested in time in a sunny way;
planting selfheal: harrowing the rice for 2-3 times after harvesting, removing weeds, performing shallow rotary tillage on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, applying fertilizers while performing rotary tillage, using 20-25 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, applying the bio-organic fertilizer to a seedling bed while performing rotary tillage, inserting a rotary tillage cutter into the soil for 5cm during the shallow rotary tillage, preparing soil and making furrows after the rotary tillage, wherein the furrow width is 1.2-1.4m, the height is 0.2-0.3m, the furrow width is 0.3m, and soil is required to be crushed, and the furrow surface is smooth; sowing the selfheal in the last ten days of 9 months, applying 155kg of biological organic fertilizer to each mu of land before sowing, sowing 2.5kg of seeds to each mu of seedling land, uniformly sowing, covering thin-layer fine soil after sowing, not exceeding 2cm, watering thoroughly on the furrow surface, germinating about two weeks after sowing, and basically aligning the seedlings after three weeks. Watering in time in a sunny day for a plurality of continuous days, sprinkling water around the tender shoots by adopting a spraying mode, wherein flood irrigation is not suitable, when weeds have two leaves and one core, 50mL of special low-toxicity low-residue herbicide is added with 30kg of water per mu of land, and weeding is carried out in the tender grass stage of the weeds; thinning the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 3cm-5cm, removing weak seedlings and reserving strong seedlings, transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and one heart, finishing transplanting at the bottom of 10 months, and setting the transplanting specification as a row moment of 25cmx30 cm; topdressing 10kg of urea per mu when the seedlings reach 10 leaves, and weeding regularly; when the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ in winter, a plastic film protection shed with the height of 1.8m is built around the ground surface, ventilation openings are reserved at the front end and the rear end of the protection shed, when the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, wood is combusted at the ventilation openings of the protection shed for 3 hours every morning and evening, and the temperature is increased and prevented from freezing;
harvesting Prunellae Spica at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, preferably with big ear, brownish red color, and shaken as sound ear, when the ear turns yellow brown, cutting, picking off the ear, sun drying, shaking or rubbing out the seed, removing impurities, and storing for use; preparing for preparing rice to plant and harvest, then preparing soil in time, and preparing for the next round of rice planting.
As can be seen from the measurement, the yield per mu of the selfheal planted by the implementation method is 485kg, the yield per mu of the rice is 534kg, and the quality of the rice is obviously improved; the total content of the isorosmarinic acid glycoside and the rosmarinic acid in the selfheal fruit cluster is measured to reach 0.571 percent according to a pharmacopoeia method, and far exceeds the standard (more than or equal to 0.2 percent).
Example two:
planting rice: before planting rice, selecting a rice field with medium fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling field, reserving the seedling field according to the proportion of the seedling field to the field by 1:12, raking the field, then weeding, then carrying out deep rotary tillage on the seedling field by using a rotary cultivator, fertilizing while carrying out the deep rotary tillage, applying a granular bio-organic fertilizer into the seedling field while carrying out the rotary tillage, wherein the distance between a rotary tillage cutter and the soil is 13cm during the deep rotary tillage; selecting complete and mildew-free rice seeds, sunning for 1.5 days, keeping ventilation during sunning, stirring the seeds evenly and turning over every 5 hours to prevent the seeds from being wet, soaking the seeds by using a pesticide with a material-water ratio of 1:3 after the sunning is finished, cleaning the seeds by using clear water after the seed soaking, and accelerating germination at the temperature of 22 ℃; sowing is carried out between 5 months and 25 days, the seedling age is 24, the sowing quantity is 3.25kg per mu, and the planting density is 1.0 ten thousand holes per mu; the method for raising the seedlings by adopting a plastic plate wetting seedling raising method comprises the steps of placing water on a furrow every day in a sunny day in a leaf period for wetting, placing the water on the furrow in a sunny day in a two-leaf period, placing dry water in a rainy day in a half-furrow in a cloudy day, spraying 356kg of biogas slurry per mu in a one-leaf and one-core mode, and spraying crop chemicals 2.5 days before transplanting; before harvesting, removing field miscellaneous plants in time, and removing barnyard grass to ensure the purity and quality of rice, wherein 90% of the rice is yellow and ripe, namely when the rice husk turns from yellow to grey, the rice must be harvested in time in a sunny way;
planting selfheal: harrowing for 2-3 times after rice is harvested, removing weeds, performing shallow rotary tillage on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, applying fertilizers while performing rotary tillage, applying 20kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu, applying the fertilizer to a seedling bed while performing rotary tillage, wherein the distance between a rotary blade and the soil is 6cm during shallow rotary tillage, preparing the soil after rotary tillage and making furrows, the furrow width is 1.2-1.4m, the height is 0.2-0.3m, the furrow width is 0.3m, soil is required to be crushed, and the furrow surface is smooth; sowing the selfheal in the last ten days of 9 months, applying 175kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of land before sowing, sowing 2.7kg of seeds to each mu of seedling land, uniformly sowing, covering thin-layer fine soil after sowing without exceeding 2cm, watering thoroughly on the furrow surface, germinating about two weeks after sowing, and basically aligning the seedlings after three weeks. Watering in time in a sunny day for a plurality of continuous days, sprinkling water around the tender shoots by adopting a spraying mode, wherein flood irrigation is not suitable, when weeds have two leaves and one core, 50mL of special low-toxicity low-residue herbicide is added with 30kg of water per mu of land, and weeding is carried out in the tender grass stage of the weeds; thinning the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 3kg-5cm, removing weak seedlings and keeping strong seedlings, transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and one heart, finishing transplanting at the bottom of 10 months, and setting the transplanting specification as 25cmx30 cm; applying 12kg of urea per mu when the seedlings reach 10 leaves, and weeding regularly; when the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ in winter, a plastic film protection shed with the height of 1.9m is built around the ground surface, ventilation openings are reserved at the front end and the rear end of the protection shed, when the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, wood is combusted at the ventilation openings of the protection shed for 4 hours every morning and evening, and the temperature is increased and prevented from freezing;
harvesting Prunellae Spica at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, preferably with big ear, brownish red color, and shaken as sound ear, when the ear turns yellow brown, cutting, picking off the ear, sun drying, shaking or rubbing out the seed, removing impurities, and storing for use; preparing for preparing rice to plant and harvest, then preparing soil in time, and preparing for the next round of rice planting.
Through measurement, the yield per mu of the selfheal planted by the implementation method is 497kg, the yield per mu of the rice is 542kg, and the rice quality is obviously improved; the total content of the isorosmarinic acid glycoside and the rosmarinic acid in the selfheal fruit cluster is measured to reach 0.548 percent according to a pharmacopoeia method, and far exceeds the standard (more than or equal to 0.2 percent).
Example three:
planting rice: before planting rice, selecting a rice field with medium fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling field, reserving the seedling field according to the proportion of the seedling field to the field by 1:12, raking the field, then weeding, then carrying out deep rotary tillage on the seedling field by using a rotary cultivator, fertilizing while carrying out the deep rotary tillage, applying a granular bio-organic fertilizer into the seedling field while carrying out the rotary tillage, wherein the distance between a rotary tillage cutter and the soil is 16cm during the deep rotary tillage; selecting complete and mildew-free rice seeds, sunning for 2d, keeping ventilation during sunning, stirring the seeds evenly and turning over every 6h to prevent the seeds from being wet, soaking the seeds in a pesticide with a material-water ratio of 1:3 after the sunning is finished, cleaning the seeds with clear water after the seed soaking, and accelerating germination at the temperature of 25 ℃; sowing is carried out between 5 months and 25 days, the seedling age is 25d, the sowing quantity is 3.5kg per mu, and the planting density is 1.1 ten thousand holes per mu; the method for raising the seedlings by adopting a plastic plate wetting seedling raising method comprises the steps of placing water on a furrow every day in a sunny day in a leaf period for wetting, placing the water on the furrow in a sunny day in a two-leaf period, placing dry water in a rainy day in a half-furrow in a cloudy day, spraying 400kg of biogas slurry per mu when two leaves are placed in one core, and spraying crop chemicals 3 days before transplantation; before harvesting, removing field miscellaneous plants in time, and removing barnyard grass to ensure the purity and quality of rice, wherein 90% of the rice is yellow and ripe, namely when the rice husk turns from yellow to grey, the rice must be harvested in time in a sunny way;
planting selfheal: harrowing the rice for 2-3 times after harvesting, removing weeds, performing shallow rotary tillage on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, applying fertilizers while performing rotary tillage, using 25kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, applying the bio-organic fertilizer to a seedling bed while performing rotary tillage, inserting a rotary tillage cutter into the soil for a distance of 10cm during the shallow rotary tillage, preparing soil and making furrows after the rotary tillage, wherein the furrow width is 1.2-1.4m, the height is 0.2-0.3m, the furrow width is 0.3m, and soil is required to be crushed, and the furrows are smooth; sowing the selfheal in the last ten days of 9 months, applying 185kg of biological organic fertilizer to each mu of land before sowing, using 3kg of seeds to each mu of seedling land, uniformly sowing, covering thin-layer fine soil after sowing, not exceeding 2cm, thoroughly watering the furrow surface, germinating about two weeks after sowing, and basically aligning the seedlings after three weeks. Watering in time in a sunny day for a plurality of continuous days, sprinkling water around the tender shoots by adopting a spraying mode, wherein flood irrigation is not suitable, when weeds have two leaves and one core, 50mL of special low-toxicity low-residue herbicide is added with 30kg of water per mu of land, and weeding is carried out in the tender grass stage of the weeds; thinning the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 3kg-5cm, removing weak seedlings and keeping strong seedlings, transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and one heart, finishing transplanting at the bottom of 10 months, and setting the transplanting specification as 25cmx30 cm; applying 15kg of urea per mu when the seedlings reach 10 leaves, and weeding regularly; when the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ in winter, a plastic film protection shed with the height of 2m is built around the ground surface, ventilation openings are reserved at the front end and the rear end of the protection shed, when the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, wood is combusted at the ventilation openings of the protection shed for 5 hours a morning and a evening to release smoke, and the temperature is increased and prevented from freezing;
harvesting Prunellae Spica at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, preferably with big ear, brownish red color, and shaken as sound ear, when the ear turns yellow brown, cutting, picking off the ear, sun drying, shaking or rubbing out the seed, removing impurities, and storing for use; preparing for preparing rice to plant and harvest, then preparing soil in time, and preparing for the next round of rice planting.
As can be seen from the measurement of yield, the yield per mu of the selfheal planted by the implementation method is 502kg, the yield per mu of the rice is 546kg, and the rice quality is obviously improved; the total content of the isorosmarinic acid glycoside and the rosmarinic acid in the selfheal fruit cluster is determined to be 0.593 percent according to a pharmacopoeia method, and far exceeds the standard (more than or equal to 0.2 percent).
In conclusion, compared with the conventional planting method, the ecological planting method for paddy rice and dry rice field and dry field rotation provided by the invention mainly uses biological organic fertilizer without chemical pesticide, can obviously improve the quality and benefit, and the yield of the selfheal per mu is 485-546 kg and the yield of the rice per mu is 534-546kg through the rotation of the planting method provided by the invention, so that the quality of the rice is obviously improved; the total content of the isorosmarinic acid glycoside and the rosmarinic acid in the selfheal fruit cluster is measured to reach 0.571 to 0.593 percent according to a pharmacopoeia method, which is far more than the standard (more than or equal to 0.2 percent) and has certain practicability and superiority in the selfheal crop rotation.
Claims (7)
1. A paddy rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method is characterized in that: the adopted planting method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) before planting rice, selecting a rice field with medium fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling field, reserving the seedling field according to the proportion of the seedling field to the field by 1:12, harrowing, then weeding, then carrying out deep rotary tillage on the seedling field by using a rotary cultivator, fertilizing while carrying out the deep rotary tillage, applying a granular bio-organic fertilizer into the seedling field while carrying out the rotary tillage, wherein the distance between a rotary tillage cutter and the soil during the deep rotary tillage is 10cm-16 cm;
(2) selecting complete and mildew-free rice seeds, sunning for 1d-2d, keeping ventilation during sunning, stirring the seeds evenly and turning over every 3h-6h, soaking the seeds by using a pesticide with a material-water ratio of 1:3 after the sunning is finished, cleaning the seeds by using clear water after the seed soaking, and accelerating germination at the temperature of 20-25 ℃;
(3) sowing is carried out between 5 months and 25 days, the seedling age is 23-25d, the sowing quantity is 3kg-3.5kg per mu, and the planting density is 0.9-1.1 ten thousand holes per mu; the method for raising the seedlings by adopting a plastic disc moistening seedling raising method comprises the steps of placing water on a furrow every day in a sunny day in a leaf period for moistening once, placing the water on the furrow in a sunny day in a two-leaf period, placing dry water in a rainy day in a half-furrow in a cloudy day, spraying 300kg-400kg of biogas slurry per mu when two leaves are placed in one core, and spraying crop delivery chemicals 2d-3d before transplanting;
(4) before harvesting, removing field miscellaneous plants in time, removing barnyard grass to ensure the purity and quality of rice, and harvesting in time in fine when 90% of the rice is yellow and ripe, namely when the rice husks turn from yellow to grey;
(5) harrowing the rice for 2-3 times after harvesting, removing weeds, performing shallow rotary tillage on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, applying fertilizers while performing rotary tillage, using 20-25 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, applying the bio-organic fertilizer to a seedling bed while performing rotary tillage, inserting a rotary tillage cutter into the soil for a distance of 5-10 cm during the shallow rotary tillage, preparing soil after the rotary tillage to form a furrow, wherein the furrow width is 1.2-1.4m, the height is 0.2-0.3m, the furrow width is 0.3m, soil is required to be crushed, and the furrow surface is smooth;
(6) sowing the selfheal in last ten days of 9 months, topdressing 155-185 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu before sowing, sowing 2.5-3 kg of seeds per mu of seedling growing land, uniformly sowing, covering thin-layer fine soil after sowing, not exceeding 2cm, watering thoroughly on the furrow surface in time if meeting continuous sunny days, sprinkling water around tender buds by adopting a spraying mode, not being suitable for flood irrigation, adding 30kg of 50mL of special low-toxicity low-residue herbicide per mu of land when weeds are two-leaf and one-heart, and weeding in the tender grass stage of the weeds;
(7) thinning the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 3cm-5cm, removing weak seedlings and reserving strong seedlings, transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5 leaves and one heart, finishing transplanting at the bottom of 10 months, and setting the transplanting specification as a row moment of 25cmx30 cm;
(8) topdressing urea 10kg-15kg per mu when the seedlings reach 10 leaves, and weeding regularly;
(9) when the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ in winter, a plastic film protection shed with the height of 1.8m-2m is built around the ground surface, ventilation openings are reserved at the front end and the rear end of the protection shed, and when the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, wood is burned at the ventilation openings of the protection shed for 3h-5 h;
(10) harvesting Prunellae Spica at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, preferably with big ear, brownish red color, and shaken as sound ear, when the ear turns yellow brown, cutting, picking off the ear, sun drying, shaking or rubbing out the seed, removing impurities, and storing for use;
(11) preparing for preparing rice to plant and harvest, then preparing soil in time, and preparing for the next round of rice planting.
2. The rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation planting method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and during deep rotary tillage, the distance between the rotary blade and the ground is 16 cm.
3. The rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation planting method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seeds are kept ventilated during sunning, and the seeds are turned evenly every 5 hours.
4. The rice-selfheal paddy-upland field rotation ecological planting method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the distance between the rotary tillage blades and the soil during shallow rotary tillage is 6cm, land preparation and bed making are carried out after the rotary tillage, the width of the bed is 1.2-1.4m, the height is 0.2-0.3m, the width of the furrow is 0.3m, soil is required to be crushed, and the surface of the bed is smooth.
5. The rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation planting method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: 175kg of biological organic fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu of seedling land before selfheal sowing, and 2.7kg of seeds are applied to each mu of seedling land.
6. The rice-selfheal paddy-upland field rotation ecological planting method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ in winter, a plastic film protection shed with the height of 2m is built around the earth surface, ventilation openings are reserved at the front end and the rear end of the protection shed, and when the temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, wood is combusted at the ventilation openings of the protection shed for 5 hours in the morning and evening.
7. The application of the rice-selfheal paddy-upland rotation ecological planting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 in selfheal rotation.
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| CN114586610A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-07 | 贵州天遂农业有限公司 | Motherwort and rice medicinal crop rotation planting method |
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