CN114586610A - Motherwort and rice medicinal crop rotation planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a motherwort-rice rotation planting method, which realizes rotation of motherwort and water crops by adjusting the planting period of motherwort and adopting a 'paddy-upland rotation' planting mode, so that not only can the soil microbial community structure be adjusted, but also the corresponding crop germs can lose hosts or change the living environment, thereby reducing or eliminating plant diseases and insect pests, simultaneously improving the soil structure and fully utilizing the soil nutrients, and further achieving the purpose of solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of motherwort and motherwort.

Description

Motherwort and rice medicinal crop rotation planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a motherwort-rice crop rotation planting method.

Background

Motherwort is fresh or dry aerial part of Leonurus japonicus Houtt. of Labiatae, has the effects of promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation, inducing diuresis and relieving swelling, is used for irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, lochiorrhea, edema, oliguria, acute nephritis edema and the like, and is a bulk medicinal material commonly used in clinical prescriptions and a main raw material medicinal material of pharmaceutical enterprises.

The motherwort is planted in southwest areas of China, the land is usually idle from 4 months to 10 months every year and from 11 months to 3 months in the next year, under the traditional planting mode, the continuous cropping obstacle of the motherwort is serious, and the phenomena of aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests, serious reduction of yield and quality and the like exist after 2 years of continuous cropping. Continuous cropping obstacles cause great economic losses to farmers, and seriously affect the industrialization and regional economic development of motherwort. Therefore, the proposed measure for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacle of the motherwort is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the standardized and large-scale planting of the motherwort.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a motherwort-rice rotation planting method, which is characterized in that a motherwort planting period is adjusted through a technical means, motherwort and rice are rotated, and a 'paddy-upland rotation' mode is adopted, so that the soil microbial community structure can be adjusted, pathogenic bacteria can lose hosts or change the living environment, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced or eliminated, the soil structure can be improved, and soil nutrients are fully utilized, so that the technical problem of continuous cropping obstacle of motherwort is solved, and the defects of the prior art are overcome.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a motherwort-rice rotation planting method is characterized in that rotation of motherwort and aquatic crops is realized by adjusting the planting period of motherwort and adopting a 'paddy-upland rotation' planting mode, so that not only can the soil microbial community structure be adjusted, but also the corresponding crop germs can lose hosts or change the living environment, and therefore, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced or eliminated, the soil structure can be improved, the soil nutrients are fully utilized, and the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of motherwort and motherwort is solved.

As a further scheme of the invention: the planting period of the existing mother grass is prolonged by 6-8 months.

As a further scheme of the invention: the method comprises the following planting steps:

step one; seedling raising;

step two; seedling stage management: immediately covering a plastic film after sowing, and tightly pressing the periphery with fine soil to prevent air from entering;

step three; transplanting and field planting: after the rice is harvested, preparing soil in time, and transplanting and planting seedlings with the height of 9-12cm after seedling culture;

step four; managing the field;

step five; pest control;

step six; harvesting and processing: collecting aerial parts of herba Leonuri, cutting, and drying;

step seven; planting rice; and (4) planting the rice after the leonurus is harvested, and continuing planting the leonurus according to the steps after the rice is harvested.

As a further scheme of the invention: the seedling raising step comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting the land; selecting soil with sunny facing and deep soil layer, rich humus and sandy loam with good drainage;

(2) and fertilizing: uniformly broadcasting 45-55kg of compound fertilizer per mu before ploughing;

(3) making a table bed: ploughing the land blocks after fertilization to a depth of not less than 30cm, and finely raking after leveling; arranging the ridge distance of 80-100cm into a table ridge with the ridge height of 10-15cm and the face width of 120cm, and leveling the ridge face;

(4) and seeding: uniformly spreading the seeds on the surface of the ridge, watering and drenching thoroughly, wherein the seed consumption per mu is 0.8-1.2 kg.

As a further scheme of the invention: in the sowing step, motherwort seeds are uniformly stirred by plant ash and then uniformly sowed on the surface of the ridge.

As a further scheme of the invention: in the seedling stage management step, after seedling emergence, bamboo splints are used for arching into a small arched shed, a seedbed is kept at proper moisture, seedlings are removed when cotyledons are fully expanded, and the seedling distance is controlled to be 1-1.5 cm.

As a further scheme of the invention: in the transplanting and planting step, the planting distance of the motherwort seedlings is kept between 25 and 35cm, and the row spacing is kept between 35 and 45 cm; applying 12-18g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer in each hole, and planting 2 seedlings.

As a further scheme of the invention: the field management comprises the following steps:

(1) intertillage weeding: the motherwort grows slowly in the early stage, is easy to breed weeds, and is removed in time to prevent the weeds from spreading;

(2) and topdressing: after the seedlings of the leonurus are turned green, 12-15g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hole in combination with intertillage, when the plant grows to be 0.4-0.6m high, 15-25g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hole, the fertilizer is applied to the side of the plant, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. solves the technical problem of continuous cropping obstacle of motherwort

By adjusting the planting period of the motherwort, the traditional planting period of the motherwort is adjusted to be from 4 months to 10 months per year to be from 11 months to 5 months in the next year, after the motherwort is harvested, rice is planted for 6 months to 10 months, and the 'paddy-upland rotation' is implemented, so that the continuous cropping obstacle of the motherwort is effectively overcome. The rice and drug crop rotation results of 4 years of continuous rice and drug crops in the same land show that the yield and the quality of the motherwort are not greatly different from those of the traditional planting method.

2. Improves the land utilization rate

After the rice-drug rotation method is adopted, the motherwort and the rice are effectively stubble-connected in the planting time, compared with the traditional motherwort planting method in 4-10 months per year, more than one batch of rice can be planted in each field per year, the land utilization rate is effectively improved, and the economic benefit of farmers is increased.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example (b): the continuous cropping obstacle refers to the phenomenon that the growth and development of plants are poor, the pest and disease damage is aggravated, and the quality and the yield are reduced due to the fact that the same plants are continuously planted in the same land. Due to the development trend of intensification, high multiple cropping index and single type of modern planting industry, continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon generally exists in medicinal plant cultivation.

Continuous cropping obstacles are serious in the planting process of the leonurus, and phenomena of aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests, serious reduction of yield and quality and the like exist after continuous cropping for 2 years. The concrete expression is as follows:

the yield is reduced. The yield of continuous cropping in 1-4 years is respectively: 100%, 94%, 72% and 51%.

The quality is reduced. The content of the effective component stachydrine hydrochloride in the continuous cropping of 1 to 4 years is respectively as follows: 1.23%, 0.85%, 0.73% and 0.61%.

The diseases and insect pests are aggravated. The main expression is that the plants have powdery mildew, sclerotinia rot, mosaic disease and aphid after 2 years of continuous cropping, and the longer the continuous cropping period is, the more serious the plant diseases and insect pests are.

Continuous cropping causes great economic loss to local drug farmers, and seriously influences the industrialization and regional economic development of motherwort. Therefore, revealing a mechanism of occurrence of successive cropping obstacles of motherwort, finding out main factors and providing prevention and treatment measures are a difficult problem to be solved urgently in standardized and large-scale planting of motherwort.

Research data shows that three main reasons for causing continuous cropping obstacle of plants are that firstly, the soil nutrition is unbalanced; secondly, the micro-ecological environment of the soil is degraded; thirdly, the allelopathy and self-toxicity of the plants.

Soil nutrients are an important component of soil fertility and play a vital role in crop growth and yield, and when the same crops are planted on the same field in successive years, due to the fact that the selective absorption and absorption amounts of different nutrient elements of the same crops are different, certain nutrient elements are deficient due to long-term successive cropping, the soil nutrient content is changed, and the crop growth is inhibited. Therefore, imbalance of soil nutrients and change of soil properties caused by continuous cropping are also one of the causes of continuous cropping obstacles of crops.

Soil micro-ecosystems include changes in soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities. Soil microorganisms are living organisms in the soil and are one of the most active soil fertility factors. The growth of crops is closely related to the activity of soil microorganisms, the growth and the propagation of the microorganisms are the result of the comprehensive action of multidimensional environmental factors, and the continuous cropping can also change the number of the soil microorganisms. The change of the quantity and activity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and the change of population structure can directly influence the absorption and utilization of nutrients and water in soil by crops and also influence the capability of the crops to resist severe environment, and particularly has a very close relation with the invasion and infection of pathogenic bacteria. The soil enzyme is a protein capable of accelerating the biochemical reaction rate in soil, has important influence on the fertilizer supply capacity of the soil, the soil environment quality and the like, and is a comprehensive embodiment and evaluation index of soil bioactivity. Changes in soil enzyme activity are one of the major causes of continuous cropping obstacles in crops.

The allelopathy is that the plant can release some secondary metabolites which influence the growth of other plants to the environment in the normal life activity process, and the secondary metabolites are accumulated in the soil and have toxic action on the plant. The phytochemical autotoxicity is also one of the causes of continuous cropping obstacle of plants. The chemical-induced self-toxicity effect generally exists in the cultivation process of the medicinal plants, the influence of the chemical-induced self-toxicity effect on the medicinal plants is researched, the reason for the continuous cropping obstacle of the medicinal plants is disclosed, and the method has important significance for overcoming or slowing down the continuous cropping obstacle of the medicinal plants.

The method for solving the continuous cropping obstacle of the plant mainly comprises a soil testing and matching method, an inoculation microbiological method and a rotation method. The former two methods are carried out by contracting the land management right in China, each piece of soil is divided into different farmers, and because different farmers have different fertilizer habits and planting habits, the nutrients and the soil micro-ecological environment of each piece of soil are different after dozens of years of cultivation, so that the cost is high and the method is difficult to implement by adopting a soil testing and matching method and a microorganism inoculation method to solve the continuous cropping obstacle of the motherwort.

The invention relates to a method for optimizing leonurus japonicus rotation crop, which is characterized in that the leonurus japonicus rotation crop is selected by taking rape, green manure, winter wheat, vegetables (such as radish and the like), rice and the like as test objects, and the leonurus japonicus optimal rotation crop is selected by combining the physicochemical environment and the micro-ecological environment change of the leonurus japonicus rhizosphere soil according to the yield and the quality of the leonurus japonicus. The results show that the technical problem of successive cropping obstacle of motherwort can be completely solved by adopting rice and motherwort rotation. Motherwort and rice are adopted for 'paddy-upland rotation', and the advantages are as follows:

the continuous cropping obstacle caused by secondary salinization of soil can be effectively solved by adopting paddy-upland rotation, and toxic substances are leached and dissolved by the infiltration of water during the paddy cropping period, and the composition of microorganisms is changed. The soil in dry farming is mainly aerobic fungus microorganisms, and pathogenic bacteria are accumulated in continuous farming; when water is used, anaerobic bacteria type microorganisms are taken as main components, and pathogenic bacteria are inhibited and reduced. The paddy-upland rotation improves the activity of beneficial microorganisms, and the ecological environment of the soil is restored.

Based on the above problem, namely the solution, the embodiment discloses a motherwort and rice rotation planting method, which comprises the following steps:

1. seedling raising

(1) Selecting land: selecting soil with sunny facing direction, deep soil layer, rich humus and sandy loam with good drainage.

(2) Fertilizing: 50kg of compound fertilizer is uniformly scattered in each mu before ploughing.

(3) Making a table ridge: ploughing the land blocks after fertilization to 30cm in depth, leveling, finely raking, arranging into table ridges with the ridge height of 10-15cm and the face width of 120cm according to the ridge distance of 90cm, and leveling the ridge faces.

(4) Sowing: in 9 middle-month ten days, uniformly stirring the seeds with plant ash, uniformly sowing the seeds on the surface of the ridge, watering and leaching thoroughly, wherein the seed consumption per mu is 1.0 kg.

2. Management of seedling stage

After sowing, plastic film is covered immediately, and fine soil is used for pressing the periphery of the plastic film to prevent air from entering. After seedling emergence, bamboo splints are used for arching to form a small arched shed, the proper moisture of the seedbed is kept, and seedlings are spread once in cotyledon full expansion time, and the seedling distance is 1-1.5 cm.

3. Transplanting and field planting

And (4) timely preparing the rice after harvesting, and transplanting and planting the rice in the field when the height of the rice is about 10 cm. And (3) performing hole planting with the plant spacing of 30cm and the row spacing of 40cm, applying 15g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to each hole, and planting 2 seedlings.

4. Management of field

(1) Intertillage weeding: motherwort grows slowly in the early stage, is easy to breed weeds, and should be pulled out in time to prevent the propagation of weeds.

(2) Topdressing: after the seedlings turn green in the next year, 10g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hole in combination with intertillage, 20g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hole when the plants grow to be about 0.5m high, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the side of the plants, and soil is covered after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied.

5. Pest control

Timely preventing and controlling pests such as black cutworms, aphids and the like, and strengthening the prevention and control of powdery mildew, leaf spot and root rot of motherwort.

6. Harvesting and processing

Cutting the aerial parts of herba Leonuri in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, cutting into segments, and drying.

Rice planting

And (4) after the motherwort is harvested, planting the rice according to a conventional rice planting technology, and after the rice is harvested in 10 months, continuing planting the motherwort according to the method.

Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims (8)

1. A motherwort and rice rotation planting method is characterized in that: the method realizes rotation of the motherwort and the aquatic crops by adjusting the planting period of the motherwort and adopting the planting mode of 'rotation between paddy and dry crops', so that the soil microbial community structure can be adjusted, the corresponding crop germs can lose hosts or change the living environment, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced or eliminated, the soil structure can be improved, the soil nutrients are fully utilized, and the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the motherwort is solved.

2. The motherwort and rice rotation planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the planting period of the existing mother grass is prolonged by 6-8 months.

3. The motherwort and rice rotation planting method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following planting steps:

step one; seedling raising;

step two; seedling stage management: immediately covering a plastic film after sowing, and tightly pressing the periphery with fine soil to prevent air from entering;

step three; transplanting and field planting: after the rice is harvested, preparing soil in time, and transplanting and planting seedlings with the height of 9-12cm after seedling culture;

step four; managing the field;

step five; pest control;

step six; harvesting and processing: collecting aerial parts of herba Leonuri, cutting, and drying;

step seven; planting rice; and (4) planting the rice after the leonurus is harvested, and continuing planting the leonurus according to the steps after the rice is harvested.

4. The motherwort and rice rotation planting method according to claim 3, wherein the seedling raising step comprises:

(1) selecting the land; selecting soil with sunny facing and deep soil layer, rich humus and sandy loam with good drainage;

(2) and fertilizing: uniformly broadcasting 45-55kg of compound fertilizer per mu before ploughing;

(3) making a table bed: ploughing the fertilized plot to a depth of not less than 30cm, and finely raking after leveling; arranging the ridge with the ridge distance of 80-100cm into a table ridge with the ridge height of 10-15cm and the surface width of 120cm, and leveling the ridge surface;

(4) and seeding: uniformly spreading the seeds on the surface of the ridge, watering and drenching thoroughly, wherein the seed consumption per mu is 0.8-1.2 kg.

5. The motherwort and rice rotation planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the sowing step, motherwort seeds are uniformly stirred by plant ash and then uniformly sowed on the surface of the ridge.

6. The motherwort and rice rotation planting method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the seedling stage management step, after seedling emergence, bamboo splints are used for arching into a small arched shed, a seedbed is kept at proper moisture, seedlings are removed when cotyledons are fully expanded, and the seedling distance is controlled to be 1-1.5 cm.

7. The motherwort and rice rotation planting method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the transplanting and planting step, the planting distance of the motherwort seedlings is kept between 25 and 35cm, and the row spacing is kept between 35 and 45 cm; applying 12-18g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer in each hole, and planting 2 seedlings.

8. The motherwort and rice rotation planting method according to claim 3, wherein the field management comprises:

(1) intertillage weeding: the motherwort grows slowly in the early stage, is easy to breed weeds, and is removed in time to prevent the weeds from spreading;

(2) and topdressing: after the seedlings of the leonurus are turned green, 12-15g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hole in combination with intertillage, when the plant grows to be 0.4-0.6m high, 15-25g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hole, the fertilizer is applied to the side of the plant, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied.