CN109302963A - A kind of rice cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of rice cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109302963A CN109302963A CN201811439016.7A CN201811439016A CN109302963A CN 109302963 A CN109302963 A CN 109302963A CN 201811439016 A CN201811439016 A CN 201811439016A CN 109302963 A CN109302963 A CN 109302963A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rice cultivating methods, belong to agricultural plantation technology field.The rice cultivating method includes the following steps: 1. 9~October of First Year, and rice straw is crushed, and obtains crushing straw, and crushing straw is placed into the soil；2. second year applies fertilizer to the subsoil May, base fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 30~42kg/hm2；The amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 60~80kg/hm2；The amount of application of potash fertilizer is 50~70kg/hm2；3. being beaten site preparation after applying fertilizer to the subsoil；4. sinking after being beaten site preparation 3~8 days in fact, according to seeding row spacing (25~35cm) × (8~12cm) specification rice transplanting；5. carrying out field management after rice transplanting, 9~October of second year is harvested.Rice Cropping is carried out using method provided by the invention, nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor can be effectively improved while reducing amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the discharge amount of methane and nitrous oxide, reduce comprehensive greenhouse effects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of rice cultivating method.
Background technique
The Soils In The Regions such as place of production Heilungkiang of northeast rice, Jilin, Liaoning are fertile, annual only kind one season rice, and rice is entire
Growth period be up to more than 140 days, light application time is long, thus mouthfeel glue it is glutinous.In addition to good in taste, the gum level of northeast rice is also high,
The grain of rice is goodlooking.Due to the special geographical environment in northeast, existing routine northeast rice needs to apply in planting process more
Nitrogenous fertilizer.Meanwhile the methane and nitrous oxide emission amount of existing conventional northeast rice implantation methods are larger, comprehensive greenhouse effects compared with
It is high.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of rice cultivating method, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is few, wilfully force of labor is high；Methane and oxygen
The discharge amount for changing sub- nitrogen is few；Comprehensive greenhouse effects are low.
The present invention provides a kind of rice cultivating methods, include the following steps:
1. the rice straw after harvest is crushed, obtains crushing straw by 9~October of First Year；By the crushing straw
In placing into the soil；
2. second year applies fertilizer to the subsoil May, the base fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer be 30~
42kg/hm2；The amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer is 60~80kg/hm2；The amount of application of the potash fertilizer is 50~70kg/hm2；
3. being beaten site preparation after applying fertilizer to the subsoil；
4. sinking after being beaten site preparation 3~8 days in fact, according to seeding row spacing 25~35cm × 8~12cm specification rice transplanting；
5. carrying out field management after rice transplanting, 9~October of second year is harvested.
Preferably, the step 1. crushing straw length be 5~15cm.
Preferably, the step method that 1. crushing straw is placed into the soil is to turn over or rotary tillage.
Preferably, it is described turn over rotary tillage as unit of 1 year alternately.
Preferably, the depth turned over is 15~22cm.
Preferably, the depth of the rotary tillage is 8~16cm.
Preferably, 3. the mashing site preparation uses disc cutter to step, and the disc cutter is mounted on without driving beater
On.
Preferably, the step 5. in field management include Nitrogen Top Dressing twice, the time of first time Nitrogen Top Dressing is the
In June, 2, the amount of Nitrogen Top Dressing are 48~60kg/hm2；The time of second of Nitrogen Top Dressing is second year July, Nitrogen Top Dressing
Amount is 48~60kg/hm2。
Preferably, the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and the phosphate fertilizer is Diammonium phosphate (DAP), and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the planting area of the rice is Northeast Area of China.
The utility model has the advantages that include the following steps: 1. 9~October of First Year the present invention provides a kind of rice cultivating method,
Rice straw after harvest is crushed, crushing straw is obtained；During the crushing straw is placed into the soil；2. second year applies bottom May
Fertilizer, the base fertilizer include nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 30~42kg/hm2；The application of the phosphate fertilizer
Amount is 60~80kg/hm2；The amount of application of the potash fertilizer is 50~70kg/hm2；3. being beaten site preparation after applying fertilizer to the subsoil；4. being beaten site preparation
It sinks afterwards 3~8 days in fact, according to seeding row spacing (25~35cm) × (8~12cm) specification rice transplanting；5. field management is carried out after rice transplanting,
9~October of second year harvests.Rice Cropping is carried out using method provided by the invention, the same of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer can reduced
When, nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor is effectively improved, the discharge amount of methane and nitrous oxide is reduced, reduces comprehensive greenhouse effects.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of rice cultivating methods, include the following steps:
1. the rice straw after harvest is crushed, obtains crushing straw by 9~October of First Year；By the crushing straw
In placing into the soil；
2. second year applies fertilizer to the subsoil May, the base fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer be 30~
42kg/hm2；The amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer is 60~80kg/hm2；The amount of application of the potash fertilizer is 50~70kg/hm2；
3. being beaten site preparation after applying fertilizer to the subsoil；
4. sinking after being beaten site preparation 3~8 days in fact, according to seeding row spacing 25~35cm × 8~12cm specification rice transplanting；
5. carrying out field management after rice transplanting, 9~October of second year is harvested.
The present invention is first by the rice harves of first year maturation, then by the straw chopping and returning of rice after harvest.In the present invention
In, the time of the rice harves is 9~October of First Year, more preferably First Year late September to early October.Rice
After harvest, the present invention crushes the stalk of rice after harvest, obtains crushing straw.The length of the crushing straw is preferably 5~
15cm, more preferably 8~12cm, most preferably 10cm.During the present invention places into the soil crushing straw.The side to place into the soil
Method is preferably turned over or rotary tillage.It is good to the improvement of soil texture to turn over, and cost is 60~80 yuan/mu, and rotary tillage is to soil
The improvement of structure is general, and cost is 40~60 yuan/mu；For cost consideration, described turn over rotary tillage was preferably single with 1 year
Bit interleaving carries out.The depth turned over is preferably 15~22cm, more preferably 18~20cm.The depth of the rotary tillage is preferably
8~16cm, more preferably 10~15cm.
The present invention first applies base fertilizer before second year rice transplanting.In the present invention, the time to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is preferably second
May in year, more preferably second year the first tenday period of a month in May.The base fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.The amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 30
~42kg/hm2, preferably 36kg/hm2；The amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer is 60~80kg/hm2, preferably 70kg/hm2；The potassium
The amount of application of fertilizer is 50~70kg/hm2, preferably 60kg/hm2.In the present invention, the nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably urea；The phosphate fertilizer
Preferably Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；The potash fertilizer is preferably potassium sulfate.The present invention does not do especially the source of the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer
It limits, this field conventional commercial product.
In the present invention, the phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are disposably applied preferably as base fertilizer；The application total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is excellent
It is selected as 130~160kg/hm2, more preferably 144kg/hm2；The nitrogenous fertilizer first applies a part in base fertilizer, and remaining nitrogenous fertilizer is excellent
It is selected in field management and carries out top dressing twice.The time of first time Nitrogen Top Dressing is preferably second year June, and the amount of Nitrogen Top Dressing is excellent
It is selected as 48~60kg/hm2, more preferably 54kg/hm2；The main purpose of first time Nitrogen Top Dressing is to promote rice shoot tiller.The
The time of secondary Nitrogen Top Dressing is preferably second year July, and the amount of Nitrogen Top Dressing is preferably 48~60kg/hm2, more preferably
54kg/hm2；The main purpose of second of Nitrogen Top Dressing is to promote rice shoot booting.
Site preparation is beaten after applying fertilizer to the subsoil.The present invention is preferably beaten site preparation with disc cutter.In the present invention, the disc cutter
It is preferably mounted at without on driving beater.Stalk can be pressed into soil by disc cutter in pulping process, and stalk is avoided to float
It is floating.After being beaten site preparation, the present invention waits for that soil is heavy 3~8 days real, preferably heavy 5 days real to soil, starts rice transplanting.The strain of the rice transplanting
Line-spacing specification is preferably 25~35cm × 8~12cm, more preferably 30 × 10cm.The seeding row spacing of rice transplanting of the present invention is compared existing
There is the seeding row spacing density of conventional rice transplanting bigger, is conducive to the utilization to nutrient in soil.
The present invention carries out field management after rice transplanting, harvests in 9~October of second year.The present invention is to specific field management
Method is not particularly limited, conventional method in that art.In an embodiment of the present invention, the field management includes moisture pipe
Reason and disease pest and weed prevention and treatment；The water management is according to shallow irrigation early period, mid-term dry field, the mode of later period alternation of wetting and drying into
Row；Disease pest and weed prevention and treatment is managed according to conventional high yield technique.
Method provided by the invention is preferably carried out in Northeast Area of China, more preferably Heilongjiangdistrict.
A kind of rice cultivating method provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but cannot be
They are interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Experimental plot is located at Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province Road Outside Area democracy township proving ground, will try
Test field be divided into " density subtracts nitrogen " group and Routine control group, every group 3.2 mu of land used.Experimental period is in September, 2016 to 2018 10
Month.Experiment with nitrogenous fertilizer be Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd. production urea, nitrogen content about 46%；Experiment is Yunnan with phosphate fertilizer
Tricyclic Zhong Huameisheng chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd at the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of production, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide content be respectively 18% and
46%；The experiment potassium phosphate that potash fertilizer is that Zhengzhou Mobil chemical products Co., Ltd produces, wherein the content of potassium oxide is 50%.
In late September, 2016 to early October, rice are mature." density subtracts nitrogen " group and Routine control group are all made of joint and receive
Cutting mill harvests rice, then crushes stalk for 10cm or so, uniformly sheds in ground.Two groups are all made of autumn tillage for straw
During stalk is placed into the soil, ploughed depth 18-20cm.
In early or mid May, 2017 applies fertilizer to the subsoil and site preparation is beaten." density subtracts nitrogen " group applies 36kg/hm2Nitrogenous fertilizer, 70kg/
hm2Phosphate fertilizer, 60kg/hm2Potash fertilizer；Using without driving beater, no driving beater does not install blade, installs disc cutter,
Stalk is pressed into soil by the disc cutter of rotation when mashing, stalk is avoided to float.Routine control group applies 72kg/hm2
Nitrogenous fertilizer, 70kg/hm2Phosphate fertilizer, 60kg/hm2Potash fertilizer；It is rotated and is beaten using counter-rotation type blade.
It sinks after mashing 5 days or so in fact, starts rice transplanting." density subtracts nitrogen " group rice transplanting specification according to seeding row spacing 30cm ×
The rice transplanting specification of 10.0cm setting, Routine control group is arranged according to 30cm × 13.3cm.
Early or mid June in 2017 applies a nitrogenous fertilizer for two groups and promotes rice tillering, and amount of application is 54kg/hm2；
Early or mid July in 2016 applies a nitrogenous fertilizer for two groups and promotes rice booting, and amount of application is 54kg/hm2；Two groups of rice seedling beds
Water management is identical, and according to shallow irrigation early period, the mode of mid-term dry field, later period alternation of wetting and drying is carried out；Two groups of Pest organism
The work such as evil prevention and treatment are also consistent, and are managed according to conventional high yield technique.
In late September, 2017 to early October, rice are mature." density subtracts nitrogen " group and Routine control group are all made of joint and receive
Cutting mill harvests rice, then crushes stalk for 10cm or so, uniformly sheds in ground.Two groups are all made of autumn rotary tillage mode and incite somebody to action
During stalk is placed into the soil, autumn rotary tillage depth is 10-15cm.
In early or mid May, 2018 applies fertilizer to the subsoil and site preparation is beaten." density subtracts nitrogen " group applies 36kg/hm2Nitrogenous fertilizer, 70kg/
hm2Phosphate fertilizer, 60kg/hm2Potash fertilizer；Using without driving beater, no driving beater does not install blade, installs disc cutter,
Stalk is pressed into soil by the disc cutter of rotation when mashing, stalk is avoided to float.Routine control group applies 72kg/hm2
Nitrogenous fertilizer, 70kg/hm2Phosphate fertilizer, 60kg/hm2Potash fertilizer；It is rotated and is beaten using counter-rotation type blade.
It sinks after mashing 5 days or so in fact, starts rice transplanting." density subtracts nitrogen " group rice transplanting specification according to seeding row spacing 30cm ×
The rice transplanting specification of 10.0cm setting, Routine control group is arranged according to 30cm × 13.3cm.
Early or mid June in 2018 applies a nitrogenous fertilizer for two groups and promotes rice tillering, and amount of application is 54kg/hm2；
Early or mid July in 2016 applies a nitrogenous fertilizer for two groups and promotes rice booting, and amount of application is 54kg/hm2；Two groups of rice seedling beds
Water management is identical, and according to shallow irrigation early period, the mode of mid-term dry field, later period alternation of wetting and drying is carried out；Two groups of Pest organism
The work such as evil prevention and treatment are also consistent, and are managed according to conventional high yield technique.
In late September, 2018 to early October, rice are mature." density subtracts nitrogen " group and Routine control group are all made of joint and receive
Cutting mill harvests rice.
Two kinds of rice croppings of table 1:2017 handle comparison result
As can be seen from Table 1, under tillage, compared with Routine control group, " density subtracts nitrogen " provided by the invention side
3.0% and 28.8% has been respectively increased on rice yield and nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor in method；In methane emission, nitrous oxide emission
35.2%, 0.8% and 35.2% is reduced respectively in terms of amount and comprehensive greenhouse effects.
Two kinds of rice croppings of table 2:2018 handle comparison result
As can be seen from Table 2, under rotary tillage mode, compared with Routine control group, " density subtracts nitrogen " provided by the invention side
In rice yield and nitrogenous fertilizer, wilfully 1.2% and 12.9% has been respectively increased in force of labor to method, although increasing in nitrous oxide emission amount
22.5%, but 11.3% and 10.3% are reduced respectively in terms of methane emission and comprehensive greenhouse effects.
In above-mentioned Tables 1 and 2, the present invention extracts gaseous sample out of field is sealed cabinet using static camera bellows,
The emission flux for analyzing methane and nitrous oxide after sample is acquired simultaneously with Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph, every 7 days
Measurement is primary, and a Growing season needs to survey 14 times or so；The discharge amount of methane and nitrous oxide is calculated by emission flux again
And comprehensive greenhouse effects.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rice cultivating method, includes the following steps:
1. in 9~October of First Year, rice straw being crushed, crushing straw is obtained；During the crushing straw is placed into the soil；
2. second year applies fertilizer to the subsoil May, the base fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 30~42kg/
hm2；The amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer is 60~80kg/hm2；The amount of application of the potash fertilizer is 50~70kg/hm2；
3. being beaten site preparation after applying fertilizer to the subsoil；
4. sinking after being beaten site preparation 3~8 days in fact, according to seeding row spacing (25~35cm) × (8~12cm) specification rice transplanting；
5. carrying out field management after rice transplanting, 9~October of second year is harvested.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1. crushing straw length be 5~15cm.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step method that 1. crushing straw is placed into the soil is to turn over
Cultivated or rotary tillage.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, it is described turn over rotary tillage as unit of 1 year alternately.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the depth turned over is 15~22cm.
6. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the depth of the rotary tillage is 8~16cm.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein 3. the mashing site preparation use is equipped with disc cutter to step
Without driving beater.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein 5. middle field management includes imposing nitrogen twice to the step
Fertilizer, the time of first time Nitrogen Top Dressing are second year June, and the amount of Nitrogen Top Dressing is 48~60kg/hm2；Second of Nitrogen Top Dressing
Time be second year July, the amount of Nitrogen Top Dressing is 48~60kg/hm2。
9. method according to claim 1 or 8, which is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and the phosphate fertilizer is di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium, the potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein the planting area of the rice is Northeast Area of China.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111183860A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-22 | 陈景海 | Cultivation method for increasing per mu yield of rice |
| CN114793801A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-29 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning |
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