CN109618840B - Cultivation method of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland - Google Patents
Cultivation method of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of sugar-used sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland, which adopts a cultivation mode of flat-planting film covering or furrow planting, and adopts a hole/2-plant planting mode when the purpose of harvesting stalks is achieved; when the seeds are harvested, a hole/plant planting mode is adopted; when the purpose of double harvest of the stalks and the seeds is taken, a hole/plant planting mode is adopted; applying 30t/ha farmyard manure as base fertilizer before planting after soil plowing, and then applying 600kg/ha chemical fertilizer for topdressing, wherein the topdressing method comprises the steps of applying 150kg/ha urea when seedling emergence occurs for 30-35 days, and applying 225kg/ha compound fertilizer in the jointing stage and the heading stage respectively; the total irrigation amount in the growth period is 7800t/ha, the film pressing water amount before sowing is 600t/ha, the irrigation is carried out for 6 times from the seedling formation to the end of the growth period, and the irrigation amount in each time is 1200 t/ha. The sugar-used sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland has the advantages of good growth and development, biological yield, soluble sugar accumulation amount, seed quality and yield, high water-saving efficiency, less fertilizer use, less economic investment, water-saving amount at least up to 2400t/ha, and much higher economic benefit than corn planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland.
Background
The energy crisis is one of the great challenges facing the development of the modern society, and the development of renewable biomass energy source instead of mineral energy source has become one of the major problems facing all countries and scientists in the world. With the implementation of the national renewable energy law, bioethanol has gradually become a main component of new clean energy in China. Sweet sorghum is a C4The plant has the characteristics of high biological yield, high sugar content, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and the like, and is widely introduced and planted as important sugar, energy (ethanol, butanol and the like) and feed crops. It is reported that: the ethanol produced by sweet sorghum per hectare is more than 1 time of that produced by cassava, seed production corn and sugarcane. At present, the ethanol production in China is mainly obtained by converting grains, the production cost is high, the yield is only 500 ten thousand tons, and the future liquid fuel can be met only after 4500 ten thousand tons of ethanol are produced every yearHas a far-reaching market demand. China is a developing country with large non-cultivated land area and large population, and the development of the sweet sorghum ethanol industry by using the non-cultivated land has important significance for the development of green renewable energy resources and the solution of the problems of three-crop-farming, environmental pollution, shortage of national resources and the like.
For many years, the recent physical research institute (short for recent article institute) of the Chinese academy of sciences has conducted long-term exploration and research on the aspects of adaptive cultivation technology, variety introduction, heavy ion mutation breeding, industrial development and the like of sweet sorghum in Gansu province. At present, a new variety 'near sweet No. 1' (BJ0601) of sugar-type sweet sorghum with the yield of 5-7 tons per mu and the soluble sugar content of stems of 25% -30% is bred by adopting a heavy ion irradiation mutagenesis technology and can be cultivated in sandy barren land, saline-alkaline land and the like in northwest. The sweet sorghum stem juice can be used as a high-quality raw material for preparing sugar, producing fuel (butanol), edible alcohol, brewing and the like, can also be used for producing high-added-value industrial products such as high fructose corn syrup, yeast glucan and the like, and can also be used for producing silage from the squeezed sweet sorghum residues.
The land area of the corridor in the west of the river in Gansu province is about 1113.6 ten thousand mu, wherein saline-alkali land and sandy wasteland account for about 20 percent, and the practical problems of slight ecological condition, water resource shortage and the like seriously restrict the development of oasis agriculture. Most irrigation areas of the oasis of the river and west corridor are suitable in altitude, long in sunshine time and large in day-night temperature difference, the cultivation area is the most suitable for the sweet sorghum industry, marginal soil areas of sandy wasteland, saline-alkali soil and the like in the cultivation area are large, and a vast space is provided for large-area cultivation of the sweet sorghum. The traditional oasis agriculture of the Hexi corridor mainly uses corn planting as a main part, has a single structure and low benefit, and particularly, the oasis agriculture which mainly uses corn planting faces the challenge of structure adjustment under the background of national corn planting area compression. The method for adjusting the planting structure of the oasis by adopting sugar sweet sorghum instead of corn in the oasis of the desert in the river west is a direction, but the problems of the adaptability, water conservation, cultivation, water and fertilizer management and the like are not clear.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a cultivation method of sugar-bearing sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland aiming at the defects of the prior art, the sugar-bearing sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland cultivated by the cultivation method has the advantages of good growth and development, biological yield, soluble sugar accumulation amount, seed quality and yield, high water-saving efficiency, less fertilizer use, less economic investment, water-saving amount of at least 2400t/ha, and economic benefit far higher than that of planting corn.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a cultivation method of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland comprises the following steps:
selecting a planting field, performing flat planting film covering or furrow planting on soil, selecting a proper planting mode, sowing the sugar-type sweet sorghum seeds for the sandy wasteland, and performing fertilization treatment and irrigation treatment to obtain the sugar-type sweet sorghum for the sandy wasteland; the planting mode, the irrigation treatment and the fertilization treatment are as follows:
the planting mode is as follows: adopting a flat-planting film-covering or furrow-planting farming mode;
when a flat-planting film-covering cultivation mode is adopted and the purpose of harvesting stalks is achieved, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by the row spacing of 40cm, and each plant is 2; when the purpose of harvesting seeds is achieved, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by the row spacing of 40 cm; when the purpose of double harvest of the stalks and the seeds is taken, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by the row spacing of 40 cm;
when the cultivation mode of ridge and furrow cultivation is adopted and the purpose of harvesting the stalks is achieved, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm; when the purpose of harvesting seeds is achieved, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm; when the purpose of double harvest of the stalks and the seeds is taken, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm;
fertilizing treatment: after soil plowing, applying 30t/ha of farmyard manure as base fertilizer before the cultivation and planting of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, and then applying 600kg/ha of chemical fertilizer for topdressing, wherein the topdressing method comprises the steps of performing first irrigation and applying 150kg/ha of urea when seedling emergence of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland is carried out for 30-35 days, performing irrigation and applying 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer in the jointing stage of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, and performing irrigation and applying 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer when the plant height is more than 2.0m in the heading stage of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland;
and (3) irrigation treatment: the total irrigation amount of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum in the whole growth period is 7800t/ha, the film pressing water amount before sowing is 600t/ha, the total irrigation time from seedling formation to the end of the growth period is 6 times, the irrigation amount is 1200t/ha each time, the irrigation frequency is increased in the growth period of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum in the 7-8 months, and the irrigation frequency is reduced in the rest of time.
Preferably N, P in the compound fertilizer in the fertilization treatment2O5And K2The mass fraction of O is 15%.
Preferably, the variety of the sugar sorghum for the sandy wasteland is near sweet No. 1.
Preferably, the planting land is a legume crop, corn, wheat or a post-florescence land parcel, and the planted sugar sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland is not suitable for continuous cropping and is not suitable for continuous cropping.
Preferably, the planting field is a field after the bean crops.
Preferably, the legume crop is soybeans, peas, or soybeans.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the sugar-used sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland has no strict requirement on the soil environment quality, and can be cultivated and planted in the marginal lands such as sandy wasteland, saline-alkali land and the like in a large area without occupying the existing cultivated land area, so that the water-saving efficiency is high, the fertilizer use is less, the economic investment is less, the economic benefit is far higher than that of planting corn, and the development potential is large.
2. On the basis of avoiding continuous cropping and continuous cropping of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wastelands, a cultivation mode of flat-cropping film covering or ridge-furrow cultivation is adopted, the purposes of harvesting stalks, harvesting seeds or double harvesting of the stalks or the seeds are combined, planting modes of hole/2 plants, hole/plant or hole/plant are respectively adopted, after soil plowing is carried out, 30t/ha of farmyard manure is applied as a base fertilizer, then 600kg/ha of chemical fertilizer is applied for topdressing, the topdressing method is that 150kg/ha of urea is applied when seedlings emerge for 30-35 days, and 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer is applied in each of a jointing stage and a heading stage; the total irrigation amount in the whole growth period is 7800t/ha, the water amount of the pressed film before sowing is 600t/ha, the seedlings are irrigated for 6 times after the growth period is finished, the irrigation amount is 1200t/ha each time, the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum is cultivated, the obtained sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum has better growth and development, biological yield, soluble sugar accumulation amount, seed quality and yield, the planted sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum has obvious water-saving potential compared with planted corn, the water-saving amount at least reaches 2400t/ha, and the economic benefit is far higher than that of the planted corn.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Test site: in the middle of the west corridor and at the edges of the desert oasis, the soil to be tested is irrigation aeolian sandy soil with the volume weight of 1.40g/cm3The field water capacity is 18.4%, and the soil structure is poor. Through the test: the sand grains and the powder grains of a sand layer with 0-20 cm of the tested soil reach more than 80 percent; the organic matter content is 1.44%, and gradually decreases as the soil depth increases. The salt content of the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 0-60 cm and 60-80cm is respectively 1.10g/kg, 1.27g/kg, 1.34g/kg and 1.45g/kg, and the pH value of the soil is respectively 7.61, 7.52, 7.78 and 7.49.
Example 1
The method for cultivating the sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland comprises the following steps:
the embodiment selects the planted sugar-type sweet sorghum variety near sweet No. 1 on the sandy wasteland, selects the land after planting flowers as a test land, starts in 20 days of 4 months, and after soil plowing, before the sugar-type sweet sorghum on the sandy wasteland is planted, applies 30t/ha of farmyard manure as base fertilizer, after land preparation, mulching film mulching, irrigation and film pressing water 600t/ha, after the surface layer of the soil is exposed, the sweet sorghum is sown in 25 days of 4 months, and the flat mulching film adopts double-row planting, the planting mode is: the planting distance is 25cm multiplied by the row distance of 40cm, the sowing depth is 2.5 cm-3.5 cm, the sowing holes form 'caves' for soilless coverage after sowing, the seeds are exposed, and the sowing holes are sealed by fine sandy soil manually. Setting 5 water gradients and 3 compound fertilizer applying treatments by completely random block experiment design, each treatment is repeated for 4 times(ii) a N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass fraction of O is 15 percent; irrigating 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times and 8 times respectively in the whole growth period except for irrigating 1 time of film pressing water before sowing, wherein the irrigation quantity of each time is 1200 t/ha; the number of irrigation times, total amount irrigated per hectare and different fertilizer application rates are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 irrigation frequency, irrigation quantity and fertilization quantity of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland under coupling of water and fertilizer
Thinning is carried out when the sugar-type sweet sorghum plants in the sandy wasteland have 3 true leaves, because the water consumption of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland is low in seedling stage and the temperature is low, the water loss in the soil is slow, when the seedlings emerge for 30 days in the seedling stage of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, first irrigation is carried out and 150kg/ha of urea is applied, when the sugar-type sweet sorghum plants in the sandy wasteland grow to 6 true leaves, a water-fertilizer coupling test is carried out, and during the whole growth period of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, quantitative irrigation is carried out in due time according to the rainfall condition, the soil moisture content and the plant growth vigor. Irrigating and applying compound fertilizer in the jointing stage of the sugar-used sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, wherein the use amounts of 3 fertilizer application treatments are respectively as follows: 112.5kg/ha, 225kg/ha and 337.5kg/ha, when the plant height of the sweet sorghum for the sandy wasteland is more than 2.0m in the heading stage of the sweet sorghum, irrigating and applying the compound fertilizer for the second time, wherein the application treatment dosage of 3 fertilizers is respectively as follows: 112.5kg/ha, 225kg/ha and 337.5kg/ha, so that the total amount of the compound fertilizer applied twice is 3 fertilizer application treatment amounts: 225kg/ha, 450kg/ha and 675kg/ha, and setting the treatment without applying the compound fertilizer as a control, wherein the air temperature is high in 7-8 months, the evaporation capacity is large, the water demand in the growing period of the sandy barren sugar type sweet sorghum is large in the period, the irrigation frequency is increased in the growing period of the sandy barren sugar type sweet sorghum in 7-8 months, the irrigation frequency is reduced in the rest time, and the plant height, the biological yield, the tissue sugar content, the seed yield and the quality of the sandy barren sugar type sweet sorghum are measured after the growing period of the sandy barren sugar type sweet sorghum is ended. The adaptability effects of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland under the coupling of different water and fertilizers are shown in tables 2 to 4:
TABLE 2 influence of different water and fertilizer couplings on the growth and development of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland and on the biological yield
Note: a-f are expressed as the significance of the difference at a p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height of sweet sorghum increased with the increase of the total amount of irrigation. When the irrigation quantity is 7800t/ha or more, the plant height and the biological yield of the plant tend to be stable. When the irrigation amount is constant, compared with a control, the plant height of the sweet sorghum for the sugar used in each fertilization treatment sandy wasteland is not changed obviously, but the biological yield can be improved. Under the coupling condition of 7800t/ha of total irrigation and 600kg/ha of total fertilizer application (namely 150kg/ha of urea is applied in the seedling stage, and 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer is applied in the joint stage and the heading stage respectively), the height of the desert sugar-used sweet sorghum plants, the fresh weight and the dry weight of biological yield are respectively maximum and are respectively 245.9cm, 80.7t/ha and 28.2 t/ha. Compared with 4 times and 5 times of irrigation, the heights of the sweet sorghum plants for the sugar in the sandy wasteland are respectively increased by 30.7 percent and 14.7 percent after 6 times of irrigation, the fresh weights are respectively increased by 36.5 percent and 16.4 percent, and the coupling of high water fertilizers and low water fertilizers is not beneficial to the increase of the heights and the yield of the sweet sorghum plants for the sugar in the sandy wasteland.
TABLE 3 influence of different water and fertilizer couplings on the soluble sugar content of different parts of sugar-type sorgo in sandy wasteland
Note: a-f are expressed as the significance of the difference at a p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 3, the results of the study on different parts (roots, stems and leaves) of sugar sorghum in different water and fertilizer coupling sandy wastelands show that: along with the increase of the total irrigation amount and the compound fertilizer application amount, the content of soluble sugar in the roots, stems and leaves of the sweet sorghum for the sugar in the sandy wasteland is in a continuously increasing trend. When the total irrigation amount is 7800t/ha and above, the soluble sugar content in roots, stems and leaves tends to be stable. Under the coupling condition of 7800t/ha of total irrigation and 600kg/ha of total fertilizer application (namely 150kg/ha of urea is applied in the seedling stage, 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer is applied in the jointing stage and the heading stage respectively), the soluble sugar content of the sweet sorghum stalks for the sugar in the sandy wasteland is the highest (more than 30 percent), the root system is the second (25.8 percent), and the leaf blade is the lowest 8.6 percent. The combination of high water fertilizer and low water fertilizer is not beneficial to increasing the accumulation of soluble sugar of the sweet sorghum.
TABLE 4 Effect of different liquid manure couplings on seed yield and quality of sugar sorghum in sandy wasteland
Note: a-g are expressed as the significance of the difference at the p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 4, the results of the coupling of different water and fertilizer on the quality and yield of the sweet sorghum seeds show that: different water and fertilizer coupling treatments have obvious influence on the yield and quality of the sugar-type sorgo seeds in the sandy wasteland, and compared with the method without fertilization, the water content, the thousand-grain weight and the seed yield of the sugar-type sorgo seeds in the sandy wasteland are in a trend of increasing continuously along with the increase of the total irrigation amount and the compound fertilizer application amount; when the total irrigation amount is fixed, the control and fertilization treatments without applying the compound fertilizer have no significant influence on the water content, the thousand seed weight and the seed germination rate of the sweet sorghum seeds. When the irrigation quantity is 7800t/ha or more, the water content, the thousand seed weight and the seed yield of the seeds tend to be stable. Under the coupling condition of 7800t/ha of total irrigation and 600kg/ha of total fertilizer application (namely 150kg/ha of urea is applied in the seedling stage, and 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer is applied in the jointing stage and the heading stage respectively), the water content, the thousand-grain weight and the seed yield of the sweet sorghum seeds for the sandy wasteland are respectively 8.14 percent, 30.0g/1000 grains and 2053.1kg/ha, and when the irrigation amount is increased or decreased and the compound fertilizer application amount is increased or decreased, the yield of the sweet sorghum seeds for the sandy wasteland is decreased to different degrees, which indicates that the coupling of the high water fertilizer and the low water fertilizer is not beneficial to the improvement of the quality and the yield of the sweet sorghum seeds for the sandy wasteland.
Example 2
The method for cultivating the sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland comprises the following steps:
in the embodiment, the planted sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland is selected to be No. 1, the land after corn planting is selected to be used as a test land, the test land starts in 20 days of 4 months, after soil plowing and before the sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland is planted, 30t/ha of farmyard manure is applied to be used as a base fertilizer, after land preparation, land leveling and film mulching, the film pressing water is irrigated to reach 600t/ha, after the surface layer of soil is exposed to the white, the sweet sorghum is sown in 25 days of 4 months, and 2 cultivation modes are adopted: the method comprises the following steps of (1) performing horizontal cropping and film mulching or furrow cropping, wherein the horizontal cropping and film mulching adopts double-row planting, and the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by the row spacing and the hole spacing is 40cm, wherein each plant is 2, each or 3; the double-row planting is adopted for the ridge and furrow planting, and the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge height is 25cm, wherein each plant is 2, each or 3; the sowing depth is 2.5 cm-3.5 cm, the sowing holes form 'cave' soilless coverage after sowing to expose the seeds, and the seeds are fully contacted with the soil by rolling with a cylindrical facility. The optimal water and fertilizer coupling condition of the adaptability of the sugar sorghum in the sandy wasteland under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions of the embodiment 1 is selected: the total irrigation amount in the whole growth period is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application amount is 600kg/ha (namely 150kg/ha of urea is applied in the seedling period, and 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer is applied in each of the jointing period and the heading period), and the compound fertilizer is the same as the compound fertilizer in the example 1; 2 cultivation modes (flat mulching and ridge furrow operation), 3 planting modes (hole/2, hole/plant and hole/3), 2 irrigation gradients (6 times and 7 times; irrigation quantity per time is 1200t/ha) and 1 fertilization treatment (namely 150kg/ha of urea is applied in a seedling stage, 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer is applied in a jointing stage and a heading stage respectively) are respectively arranged by adopting a completely random block test design, and each treatment is repeated for 4 times. The number of irrigation times, total amount irrigated per hectare and different fertilizer application rates are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 cultivation method, irrigation frequency, irrigation amount and fertilizer application amount of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland under different cultivation measures and coupling of water and fertilizer
Thinning is carried out when the sugar-type sweet sorghum plants in the sandy wasteland have 3 true leaves, because the water consumption of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland is low in seedling stage and the temperature is low, the water loss in the soil is slow, when the seedlings emerge for 30 days in the seedling stage of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, first irrigation is carried out and 150kg/ha of urea is applied, when the sugar-type sweet sorghum plants in the sandy wasteland grow to 6 true leaves, a water-fertilizer coupling test is carried out, and during the whole growth period of the sweet sorghum, quantitative irrigation is carried out in due time according to the rainfall condition, the soil moisture content and the growth vigor of the plants. And (2) irrigating and applying 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer in the jointing stage of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum, when the heading stage of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum is more than 2.0m, irrigating and applying 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer for the second time, wherein the air temperature is high in 7 to 8 months, the evaporation capacity is large, the water demand in the growing stage of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum is large in the period, the irrigation frequency is increased in the growing stage of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum in 7 to 8 months, the irrigation frequency is reduced in the rest time, and the plant height, the biological yield, the tissue sugar content, the seed yield and the quality of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum are measured after the growing stage of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum is finished. The adaptive effects of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland under the coupling of different farming measures and water and fertilizer are shown in tables 6 to 8:
TABLE 6 influence of different cultivation methods and coupling of water and fertilizer on plant height and biological yield of sugar-type sorgo in sandy wasteland
Note: a-d are expressed as the significance of the difference at the p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 6, the results of the studies on the growth and development and the biological yield of the sugar-type sweet sorghum for sandy wasteland under different farming methods and coupling of water and fertilizer show that: when the total irrigation quantity is 7800 t/ha-9000 t/ha, the growth effects of the sugar sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland are good; compared with the cultivation method of mulching on flat ground, the cultivation method of ridge and furrow cultivation can further improve the biological yield of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland; under the coupling conditions that the total irrigation quantity is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application quantity is 600kg/ha, the plant height, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the biological yield of the hole/2 plant planting modes of the flat film mulching of the sweet sorghum for the sugar in the sandy wasteland are respectively 237.9cm, 83.9t/ha and 24.7t/ha, and the fresh weight and the dry weight of the biological yield are respectively the largest; compared with the cultivation mode of 3 plants in each hole, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the biological yield are obviously increased by 21.4 percent and 28.6 percent.
Under the coupling conditions that the total irrigation quantity is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application quantity is 600kg/ha, the plant height of the hole/2 plants for furrow film covering of the sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland is 240.3cm, 92.6t/ha and 29.7t/ha respectively in the fresh weight and the dry weight of the biological yield; compared with the cultivation mode of 3 plants in each hole, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the biological yield are obviously increased by 22.6 percent and 28.0 percent. Under the coupling conditions that the total irrigation quantity is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application quantity is 600kg/ha, compared with a hole/2 plant planting mode of flat mulching, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the biological yield of the sugar sweet sorghum ridge-furrow cultivation mode for the sandy wasteland are respectively increased by 10.4 percent and 13.4 percent. The method is characterized in that a hole/2-plant planting mode of flat ground film covering or furrow planting is adopted by taking harvested stalks as the target through the high-yield and high-quality cultivation technology of the sweet sorghum for the sandy wasteland with the total irrigation quantity of 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application quantity of 600kg/ha as standards.
TABLE 7 influence of different cultivation methods and coupling of water and fertilizer on the soluble sugar content of different parts of sugar-type sorgo in sandy wasteland
Note: a-d are expressed as the significance of the difference at the p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 7, the study of different farming methods and water and fertilizer coupling on the soluble sugar content of different parts (roots, stems and leaves) of sugar sorghum for sandy wasteland shows that: under the coupling conditions that the irrigation quantity is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application quantity is 600kg/ha, the content of soluble sugar in leaves and root systems of the holes/2 plants of the sugar-used sweet sorghum flat mulching film on the sandy wasteland is not obviously different from the planting mode of the holes/plants, but is obviously higher than that of the holes/3 plants; the content difference of soluble sugar in the sugar-used sweet sorghum stems in the sandy wasteland is not obvious under different planting modes; compared with a flat land mulching cultivation mode and water and fertilizer coupling, the ridge and furrow hole/2-plant planting mode has the advantages that the difference of the soluble sugar content in the sugar-used sweet sorghum leaves and the root system of the sandy wasteland is not obvious, but the soluble sugar content in the sugar-used sweet sorghum root system of the sandy wasteland can be further improved.
TABLE 8 influence of different cultivation methods and coupling of water and fertilizer on the seed yield and quality of sugar-type sorgo in sandy wasteland
Note: a-e are expressed as the significance of the difference at a p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 8, the results of different farming methods and water and fertilizer coupling on the quality and yield of sugar-type sorgo seeds for sandy wastelands show that: according to the flat land mulching and furrow mulching cultivation measures, under the coupling conditions that the total irrigation amount is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application amount is 600kg/ha, different planting modes (hole/plant, hole./2 plant and hole/3 plant) have no obvious influence on the water content, the thousand seed weight and the germination rate of the sugar-used sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, but have obvious influence on the yield of the sugar-used sweet sorghum, and when the total irrigation amount is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application amount is 600kg/ha, the seed yields of the hole/plant planting modes of flat land mulching and furrow mulching are 2085.1t/ha and 3028.4kg/ha respectively; compared with the planting mode of a hole/2 strain, the seed yield is respectively increased by 19.8 percent and 46.8 percent, and compared with the planting mode of a hole/3 strain, the seed yield is respectively increased by 21.2 percent and 50.8 percent. Compared with the hole/plant planting mode of film mulching on flat ground, the yield of the hole/plant planting seeds for film mulching in furrow is remarkably increased by 69.2 percent, which indicates that the hole/plant planting mode of film mulching on flat ground or furrow mulching is adopted by the high-yield and high-quality sweet sorghum cultivation technology for harvesting the seeds for the purpose of sandy wasteland by taking the total irrigation quantity of 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application quantity of 600kg/ha as standards; and the double harvest of the stem and the seed is that the hole/plant planting mode of flat ground film covering or furrow planting is adopted for the purpose.
Example 3
The method for cultivating the sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland comprises the following steps:
in the embodiment, a planted sandy wasteland sugar-type sweet sorghum variety, namely near sweet No. 1, is selected, a plot after soybeans are planted is selected as a test field, the test field starts in 20 days of 4 months, after soil plowing and before the sandy wasteland sugar-type sweet sorghum is planted, 30t/ha of farmyard manure is applied as a base fertilizer, after land preparation, flat land mulching, irrigation and film pressing water 600t/ha, sowing is performed in 25 days of 4 months after the surface layer of soil is exposed to the white, and 2 cultivation modes are adopted: the method comprises the following steps of (1) performing horizontal cropping and film mulching or furrow cropping, wherein the horizontal cropping and film mulching adopts double-row planting, and the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by the row spacing of 40cm, and each plant is 2; the double-row planting is adopted for the ridge and furrow planting, and the adopted planting mode is as follows: the planting distance is 25cm, the ridge width is 50cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the sowing depth is 3 cm-4 cm, the area of each experimental treatment setting zone is 4m x 4m, each treatment is repeated for 4 times, the sowing holes form 'caves' soilless coverage after sowing, seeds are exposed, and the seeds are fully contacted with the soil by rolling with a cylindrical facility. The optimal water and fertilizer coupling condition of the adaptability of the sugar sorghum in the sandy wasteland under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions of the embodiment 1 is selected: the total irrigation amount in the whole growth period is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application amount is 600kg/ha (namely 150kg/ha of urea is applied in the seedling period, and 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer is applied in each of the jointing period and the heading period), and the compound fertilizer is the same as the compound fertilizer in the example 1; 2 cultivation modes (flat ground covering and ridge furrow cultivation), 1 cultivation mode (holes/2 plants) and 1 water-fertilizer coupling treatment (total irrigation quantity is 7800t/ha, irrigation times are 6 times, each irrigation quantity is 1200t/ha, total fertilizer application quantity is 600kg/ha) are respectively set by adopting a completely random block experimental design, and each treatment is repeated for 4 times.
Thinning is carried out when the sugar-type sweet sorghum plants in the sandy wasteland have 3 true leaves, because the water consumption of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland is low in seedling stage and the temperature is low, the water loss in the soil is slow, when the seedlings emerge for 30 days in the seedling stage of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, first irrigation is carried out and 150kg/ha of urea is applied, when the sugar-type sweet sorghum plants in the sandy wasteland grow to 6 true leaves, a water-fertilizer coupling test is carried out, and during the whole growth period of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, quantitative irrigation is carried out in due time according to the rainfall condition, the soil moisture content and the plant growth vigor. And (2) irrigating and applying 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer in the jointing stage of the sandy wasteland sugar-used sweet sorghum, and irrigating and applying 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer for the second time when the plant height is more than 2.0m in the heading stage of the sandy wasteland sugar-used sweet sorghum, wherein the air temperature is high in 7-8 months, the evaporation capacity is large, the water demand in the growing stage of the sandy wasteland sugar-used sweet sorghum is large in the period, the irrigation frequency is increased in the growing stage of the sandy wasteland sugar-used sweet sorghum in 7-8 months, and the irrigation frequency is reduced in the rest of time.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is that corn seeds are planted at the middle part of the west corridor and the edge of the desert oasis:
the planting method is the same as that of the sugar type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland in the example 3, and the difference is that: the planting mode of flat-cropping mulching in 2 farming modes adopted by the seed production corn is as follows: the plant spacing is 22cm multiplied by the row spacing of 40 cm; the planting mode of ridge and furrow planting is as follows: the plant spacing is 22cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm;
planting seed production corns by adopting 2 water and fertilizer coupling treatments, wherein the first water and fertilizer coupling treatment is carried out on sugar-type sweet sorghum in the same sandy wasteland, the second water and fertilizer coupling treatment is that the total irrigation quantity is 10200t/ha, the pressure membrane water is 600t/ha, the irrigation frequency is 8 times, and the irrigation quantity of each time is 1200 t/ha; the fertilizer application amount is 1200kg/ha, wherein 300kg/ha of urea is applied, and 450kg/ha of compound fertilizer is applied in the joint stage and the heading stage respectively.
And (3) after the growing period of the sugar sweet sorghum for the sandy wasteland in the embodiment 3 and the seed corn in the comparative example is finished, measuring the plant height, the biological yield, the tissue sugar content, the seed yield and the quality of the sugar sweet sorghum for the sandy wasteland and the seed corn. And calculating the economic value of planting sugar sweet sorghum and producing corn in sandy wasteland. The water consumption characteristics, water-saving potential and economic value of the sugar-used sweet sorghum planted in the sandy wasteland and the seed-production corn are shown in tables 9 to 10:
TABLE 9 comparison of Water consumption characteristics, Water saving potential of sugar-type sweet sorghum for planting seed corn and sandy wasteland
Note: a-f are expressed as the significance of the difference at a p <0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 9, the results of the biological yield and seed yield of sugar-type sweet sorghum and seed corn in sandy wasteland through different farming methods and coupling of water and fertilizer show that: under the same condition (obtaining high yield) of cultivation measures and water-fertilizer coupling, compared with the planting of seed production corns, the planting of the sugar sweet sorghum in sandy wastelands has obvious water-saving potential. Under the coupling conditions of 7800t/ha total irrigation amount and 600kg/ha total fertilizer application amount, the plant height, the biological yield and the seed yield of the planting mode of the sugar-type sweet sorghum holes for the sandy wastelands/2 plants are respectively maximum, and are 249.8cm, 254.3cm, 5042.7kg, 5695.7kg, 144.6 kg/mu and 211.7 kg/mu. When the irrigation amount is 7800t/ha and the total fertilizer application amount is 600kg/ha, the plant height, the biological yield and the seed yield of the hole/plant planting mode of flat mulching and ridge-furrow planting of the seed production corn are lower, and are respectively 186.6cm and 184.3cm, 3563.1kg and 3701.8kg, 306.3 kg/mu and 321.3 kg/mu; when the total irrigation amount of the seed corn is 10200t/ha and the total fertilizer application amount is 1200kg/ha, the hole/plant planting mode of flat ground mulching and ridge furrow planting of the seed corn can obtain high yield. The situation that the planting of the seed production corns and the planting of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wastelands both achieve high yield shows that the planting of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wastelands has obvious water-saving potential compared with the planting of the seed production corns, and the water-saving amount at least reaches 2400 t/ha.
TABLE 10 rough statistics of economic value of seed production corn and sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland
As can be seen from Table 10, the statistical results of the economic values of the sugar-type sweet sorghum and the corn-production in the sandy wasteland through different farming methods and coupling of water and fertilizer show that: under the same condition (obtaining high yield) of cultivation measures and water-fertilizer coupling, compared with planting seed production corns (mainly harvesting seeds), the economic value of planting sugar-type sweet sorghum in sand wasteland is far higher than that of planting seed production corns. The economic income per mu of corn seeds for seed production by flat mulching and furrow mulching planting is 2090 yuan/mu and 2250 yuan/mu respectively without considering the cost of sowing seeds, the cost of mulching film, the cost of irrigation and the cost of labor, but the total amount of fertilizer applied in high-yield production is 600kg/ha more than that of fertilizer applied in sugar-type sweet sorghum planted in sandy wastelands (wherein: urea: 150kg/ha, compound fertilizer: 450kg/ha), the cost of the increased fertilizer is 113 yuan (urea: 85 yuan/50 kg; compound fertilizer: 160 yuan/50 kg), the method is roughly calculated: the economic income per mu of corn seeds planted by mulching film on flat land and mulching film on furrows is 1977 yuan/mu and 2137 yuan/mu respectively; the income of the biological yield of sweet sorghum for planting the sugar in the sandy wasteland by mulching on the flat ground and mulching on the furrows is 2120 yuan/mu and 2390 yuan/mu respectively, the income of the sweet sorghum for planting the sugar in the sandy wasteland by mulching on the flat ground and mulching on the furrows can reach 2523 yuan/mu and 2923 yuan/mu, and the economic benefit is far higher than that of planting seed production corns.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method of sugar-type sweet sorghum in sandy wasteland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a planting field, performing flat planting film covering or furrow planting on soil, selecting a proper planting mode, sowing the sugar-type sweet sorghum seeds for the sandy wasteland, and performing fertilization treatment and irrigation treatment to obtain the sugar-type sweet sorghum for the sandy wasteland; the planting mode, the irrigation treatment and the fertilization treatment are as follows:
the planting mode is as follows: adopting a flat-planting film-covering or furrow-planting farming mode;
when a flat-planting film-covering cultivation mode is adopted and the purpose of harvesting stalks is achieved, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by the row spacing of 40cm, and each plant is 2; when the purpose of harvesting seeds is achieved, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by the row spacing of 40 cm; when the purpose of double harvest of the stalks and the seeds is taken, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by the row spacing of 40 cm;
when the cultivation mode of ridge and furrow cultivation is adopted and the purpose of harvesting the stalks is achieved, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm; when the purpose of harvesting seeds is achieved, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm; when the purpose of double harvest of the stalks and the seeds is taken, the adopted planting mode is as follows: the plant spacing is 25cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm;
fertilizing treatment: after soil plowing, applying 30t/ha of farmyard manure as base fertilizer before the cultivation and planting of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, and then applying 600kg/ha of chemical fertilizer for topdressing, wherein the topdressing method comprises the steps of performing first irrigation and applying 150kg/ha of urea when seedling emergence of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland is carried out for 30-35 days, performing irrigation and applying 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer in the jointing stage of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland, and performing irrigation and applying 225kg/ha of compound fertilizer when the plant height is more than 2.0m in the heading stage of the sugar-type sweet sorghum in the sandy wasteland; n, P in the compound fertilizer in the fertilization treatment2O5And K2The mass fraction of O is 15 percent;
and (3) irrigation treatment: the total irrigation amount of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum in the whole growth period is 7800t/ha, the film pressing water amount before sowing is 600t/ha, the total irrigation time from seedling formation to the end of the growth period is 6 times, the irrigation amount is 1200t/ha each time, the irrigation frequency is increased in the growth period of the sandy wasteland sugar type sweet sorghum in the 7-8 months, and the irrigation frequency is reduced in the rest of time.
2. The method for cultivating the sugar sorghum saccharatum in the sandy wasteland according to claim 1, wherein the variety of the sugar sorghum saccharatum in the sandy wasteland is near sweet No. 1.
3. The method for cultivating the sugar sorghum in sandy wasteland according to claim 1, wherein the planting land is a legume crop, corn, wheat or a post-flowering land, and the planted sugar sorghum in sandy wasteland is not suitable for continuous cropping and is not suitable for continuous cropping.
4. The method for cultivating sugar sorghum on sandy wasteland according to claim 1, wherein the planting field is a post-legume field.
5. The method for cultivating sweet sorghum for desert lands as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the legume crop is soybean, pea or soybean.
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