CN109618840A - A kind of sandy bare land sugar cultural method of type sugar grass - Google Patents
A kind of sandy bare land sugar cultural method of type sugar grass Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of sandy bare land sugar cultural method of type sugar grass, this method is using the flat tillage method making overlay film or furrow and making, when harvesting stalk as purpose, with cave/2 plant planting patterns；When harvesting seed as purpose, with cave/strain planting patterns；With stalk and seed it is double receive be purpose when, with cave/strain planting patterns；Application 30t/ha farm manure makees base manure before plantation after soil is ploughed, then applies the chemical fertilizer progress top dressing of 600kg/ha, and topdressing method is when emerging 30 days~35 days, to apply the urea of 150kg/ha, jointing stage and heading stage respectively apply the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha；The irrigation total amount of breeding time is 7800t/ha, and press mold water is 600t/ha before sowing, and seedling to breeding time terminates to irrigate 6 times, and each irrigation volume is 1200t/ha.Sandy bare land sugar of the present invention type sugar grass growth and development, biological yield, soluble sugar accumulation, seed quality and yield are preferable, and water saving efficiency is high, and Fertilizer application is few, and economic input is few, and water-saving amount is at least up to 2400t/ha, and economic benefit is more than maize planting height.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultural method technical fields, and in particular to a kind of sandy bare land sugar cultural method of type sugar grass.
Background technique
Energy crisis is one of the huge challenge that current social development faces, and develops reproducible biomass energy substitution mine
One of the significant problem that the substance energy has become countries in the world and scientist faces.With the reality of " National Renewable Energy method "
It applies, bio-ethanol has gradually become the chief component of the new clean energy resource in China.Sugar grass is a kind of C4Plant has life
The features such as produce amounts is high, and sugar content is high, resistance is strong, wide adaptability, as important sugar material, the energy (ethyl alcohol, butanol etc.) and
Forage crop and introduced a fine variety plant extensively.It is reported that: the ethyl alcohol of per hectare sweet sorghum production is more than cassava, seed production corn and sweet
1 times of sugarcane or more.The ethyl alcohol production in China is mainly grain conversion at present, and not only high production cost, yield also only have 5,000,000
T, the market demand for being just able to satisfy the following liquid fuel away from least 45,000,000 t of production every year are very remote.China is a bare place face
The big and populous developing country of product, using bare place developing sweet sorghum ethyl alcohol industry to national development green renewable energy
Source solves agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the problems such as environmental pollution and land resources are short is of great significance.
For many years, the CAS Institute of Modern Physics (referred to as close object institute) is to the Adaptive planting of Gansu Province sugar grass
Technology, kind introduction, heavy ion mutation breeding and industrialization development etc. have carried out long-term exploration and research.Currently, adopting
Being selected with heavy ion irradiation induced-mutation technique can cultivate in the soils such as northwest sandy wasteland, saline and alkaline, and per mu yield reaches 5-7 tons, and stem can
Dissolubility sugared content is up to the sugar of 25%-30% with type sugar grass new varieties " nearly sweet tea 1 " (BJ0601).The juice of sugar grass stalks
It can be used as quality raw materials to be used to refine sugar, produce fuel (butanol), edible alcohol, wine brewing etc., may further be used to production high fructose corn
The high added values industrial products such as slurry, yeast dextran, the sweet sorghum slag after juicing can also produce ensilage.
Hexi Corridor in Gansu land area has about 1113.6 ten thousand mu of arable land, and wherein salt-soda soil and sandy bare land account for 20% left side
The right side, ecological condition, which dislikes the realistic problems such as summary, shortage of water resources, seriously restricts the development of oasis farming.The big portion of Hexi Corridor Oasis
Point irrigation region height above sea level is suitable for, and the sunshine-duration is long, day and night temperature is big, is Sweet Sorghum Industry optimum cultivation area, and the area sandy wasteland
The marginalitys soil erosion such as ground, salt-soda soil is big, and vast space is provided for sugar grass commerial growing.Hexi Corridor is traditional
Oasis farming is mainly based on maize planting, and structure is single, benefit is lower, especially the back in the compression of national maize sown area
It is the challenge that leading oasis farming is faced with adjustment structure with maize planting under scape.Sugar type is used in Hexi Desert oasis
It is direction that sugar grass, which replaces corn to carry out oasis agricultural structure adjustment, but how, water-saving whether its adaptability, how to cultivate and
The problems such as water and fertilizer management, recognizes unclear.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, provide a kind of sandy bare land sugar use
The sandy bare land sugar of the cultural method of type sugar grass, the sandy bare land sugar cultivation method of type sugar grass is grown with type sugar grass
Development, biological yield, soluble sugar accumulation, seed quality and yield are preferable, and water saving efficiency is high, and Fertilizer application is few, economical
Less investment, water-saving amount are at least up to 2400t/ha, and economic benefit is more than maize planting height.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of cultivation of type sugar grass of sandy bare land sugar
Culture method, this method are as follows:
Planting site is selected, soil flat make overlay film or after furrow makees, planting patterns appropriate is selected, by sandy bare land sugar
After planting with type sweet sorghum seed, after fertilizer treatment and Irrigation regime, sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass is obtained；The plantation
Mode, Irrigation regime and fertilizer treatment are as follows:
Planting patterns: using the flat tillage method making overlay film or furrow and making；
When use is flat makees the tillage method of overlay film, when harvesting stalk as purpose, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows
Cave/2 plant 25cm × line-spacing 40cm；When harvesting seed as purpose, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × line-spacing 40cm
Cave/strain；With stalk and seed it is double receive be purpose when, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × line-spacing 40cm cave/strain；
When the tillage method made using furrow, when harvesting stalk as purpose, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm
Cave/2 plant × row spacing 50cm × high 25cm in ridge；When harvesting seed as purpose, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × ridge
Cave/strain of the wide high 25cm in 50cm × ridge；With stalk and seed it is double receive be purpose when, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm ×
Row spacing 50cm × high 25cm in ridge cave/strain；
Fertilizer treatment: after soil is ploughed, the farmyard manure of 30t/ha is applied before sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass cultivating and growing
Material is used as base manure, then applies the chemical fertilizer progress top dressing of 600kg/ha, and the topdressing method is in sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass
It when seedling stage emerges 30 days~35 days, carries out first time irrigation and applies the urea of 150kg/ha, in sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass
Jointing stage irrigate and apply the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha, as sandy bare land the sugar heading stage of type sugar grass, plant height 2.0m
When above, the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha is irrigated and applied；
Irrigation regime: sandy bare land sugar is 7800t/ha with the irrigation total amount of the entire breeding time of type sugar grass, pressure before sowing
Film water amount is 600t/ha, and seedling to breeding time terminates total irrigation 6 times, and each irrigation volume is 1200t/ha, in July~August part
Breeding time of the sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass, increase Irrigation Frequency, remaining time reduce Irrigation Frequency.
Preferably, N, P in compound fertilizer in the fertilizer treatment2O5And K2The mass fraction of O is 15%.
Preferably, the kind of sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass is nearly sweet tea 1.
Preferably, the planting site is the plot after legume crop, corn, wheat or peanut, and the sandy bare land sugar of plantation is used
The unsuitable continuous cropping of type sugar grass, avoids continuous cropping.
Preferably, the planting site is the plot after legume crop.
Preferably, the legume crop is soya bean, pea or soybean.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the requirement of sandy bare land sugar of the invention with type sugar grass to soil environment quality is not stringent, is being not take up existing plough
In the case where ground area, water saving efficiency height of the present invention, fertilizer can be planted in the marginal lands commerial growing such as sandy wasteland, saline and alkaline
Using less, economic input is few, and for economic benefit more than maize planting height, development potentiality is big.
2, the present invention makees overlay film using flat on the basis of avoiding sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass continuous cropping, continuous cropping plantation
Or cave/2 are respectively adopted for the purpose of harvest stalk, harvest seed or stalk or the double receipts of seed in the tillage method that furrow is made
Strain, cave/strain or cave/strain planting patterns apply the farm manure of 30t/ha as base manure, then apply after soil is ploughed
The chemical fertilizer of 600kg/ha carries out top dressing, when topdressing method is emergence 30 days~35 days, applies the urea of 150kg/ha, the jointing stage and
Heading stage respectively applies the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha；The irrigation total amount of entire breeding time is 7800t/ha, press mold water before sowing
For 600t/ha, seedling to breeding time terminate it is total irrigate 6 times, each irrigation volume is 1200t/ha, to sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass
Cultivated, obtained sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass growth and development, biological yield, soluble sugar accumulation, seed quality and
Yield is preferable, and plantation sandy bare land sugar, which is compared with type sugar grass than plantation seed production corn, has apparent water-saving potential, water-saving amount
At least up to 2400t/ha, economic benefit are high more than plantation seed production corn.
Below with reference to embodiment, invention is further described in detail.
Specific embodiment
Test site: in Middle of Hexi Corridor, fringe of desert oasis is to irrigate aeolian sandy soil for examination soil, and bulk density is
1.40g/cm3, field capacity 18.4%, soil texture is poor.After tested: for trying 0~20cm of soil sandy soil layer grains of sand, powder
Up to 80% or more；The content of organic matter is 1.44%, deepens the content of organic matter with soil depth and gradually decreases.0~20cm of soil,
20~40cm, 0~60cm and 60-80cm depth salt content are respectively 1.10g/kg, 1.27g/kg, 1.34g/kg and 1.45g/
Kg, soil pH value are respectively 7.61,7.52,7.78 and 7.49.
Embodiment 1
Cultural method of the sandy bare land sugar of the present embodiment with type sugar grass, this method are as follows:
The plot after peanut is planted in the sandy bare land sugar nearly sweet tea of type sugar grass kind 1 of the present embodiment selection plantation, selection
As experimental field, after soil is ploughed, before sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass cultivating and growing, to apply 30t/ in April 20
The farm manure of ha is as base manure, after the overlay film of site preparation level land, press mold water 600t/ha is irrigated, April 25 after upper soll layer shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Day sowing, flat overlay film of making are planted using duplicate rows, planting patterns are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × line-spacing 40cm cave/strain, depth of planting are
2.5cm~3.5cm, after planting planting hole forms " cave " and covers without soil, causes seed exposed, manually obturages sowing with thin sand and soil
Cave.5 gradations of moisture and 3 compound fertilizer's fertilizer treatments, each processing weight are respectively set using completely random district's groups experimental design
It is 4 times multiple；N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass fraction of O is 15%；Except 1 press mold water is irrigated prior to seeding, entirely give birth to
It educates the phase to irrigate respectively 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times and 8 times, each irrigation volume is 1200t/ha；Irrigation frequency, per hectare are irrigated total
Amount and Different Fertilization amount are shown in Table 1:
Sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass irrigation frequency, corresponding irrigation volume and dose under 1 water and fertilizer coupling of table
Thinning is carried out when sandy bare land sugar has 3 true leaves with type sugar grass plant, because sandy bare land sugar is existed with type sugar grass
Seedling stage water consumption is smaller, and temperature is low in addition, and soil moisture scatters and disappears relatively slowly, in the seedling stage emergence 30 of type sugar grass of sandy bare land sugar
It when, carry out first time irrigation and apply the urea of 150kg/ha, when sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass plant strain growth to 6 true leaves
Shi Jinhang water and fertilizer coupling test, in sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass entire breeding time, according to precipitation event, soil moisture content and plant
Growing way, in due course quantifying irrigation.Compound fertilizer, 3 fertilizer treatments are irrigated and applied in the jointing stage of sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass
Dosage is respectively as follows: 112.5kg/ha, 225kg/ha and 337.5kg/ha, when sandy bare land the sugar heading stage of type sugar grass, plant height
When for 2.0m or more, irrigates and second is applied compound fertilizer, 3 fertilizer treatment dosages are respectively as follows: 112.5kg/ha, 225kg/
Ha and 337.5kg/ha, thus apply twice in the total amount of compound fertilizer 3 fertilizer treatment dosages be respectively as follows: 225kg/ha,
450kg/ha and 675kg/ha, and the processing for not applying compound fertilizer is set as control, because July~August temperature is high, evaporation capacity
Greatly, sandy bare land sugar is larger in this period water requirement with type sugar grass breeding time, high with type sweet tea in July~August part sandy bare land sugar
The breeding time of fine strain of millet increases Irrigation Frequency, remaining time reduces Irrigation Frequency, to sandy bare land sugar with after type sugar grass breeding time
Carry out sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass plant height, biological yield, tissue sugar content, seed production, quality determination.Different liquid manure couplings
It closes lower sandy bare land sugar and is shown in Table 2~table 4 with type sugar grass adaptability effect:
The different water and fertilizer couplings of table 2 are to the type sugar grass growth and development of sandy bare land sugar and the influence of biological yield
Note: a~f is expressed as the significance of difference in the level of p < 0.05.
As shown in Table 2, with the increase for irrigating total amount, sugar grass plant height is in increase trend.When irrigation volume is 7800t/ha
Or more when its plant height and biological yield tend towards stability.When one timing of irrigation volume, compared with the control, each fertilizer treatment sandy bare land
The plant height of sugar type sugar grass does not have significant changes, but biological yield can be improved.It is 7800t/ha and applicationization irrigating total amount
Fertile total amount is that (that is: the urea of seedling stage application 150kg/ha, jointing stage and heading stage respectively apply the compound of 225kg/ha to 600kg/ha
Fertilizer) under coupling condition, sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass plant height, biological yield fresh weight and dry weight are maximum, respectively
245.9cm, 80.7t/ha and 28.2t/ha.Compared with irrigation 4 times and 5 times, 6 sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass plant heights are irrigated
30.7% and 14.7% are increased separately, fresh weight has increased separately 36.5% and 16.4%, and high liquid manure and low water and fertilizer coupling are not
Conducive to the increase of type sugar grass plant height and yield of sandy bare land sugar.
The different water and fertilizer couplings of table 3 are to the influence of type sugar grass different parts soluble sugar content of sandy bare land sugar
Note: a~f is expressed as the significance of difference in the level of p < 0.05.
As shown in Table 3, different water and fertilizer coupling sandy bare land sugar are ground with type sugar grass different parts (root, stem and blade)
Study carefully the result shows that: with irrigating total amount and apply the increase of compound fertilizer amount, sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass different parts root, stem and
Soluble sugar content is in be continuously increased trend in blade.It is 7800t/ha and the above Shi Qigen, stem and blade when irrigating total amount
Middle soluble sugar content tends towards stability.When irrigating, total amount is 7800t/ha and application fertilizer total amount is 600kg/ha (that is: seedling stage
The urea of 150kg/ha is applied, jointing stage and heading stage respectively apply the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha) under coupling condition, sandy bare land sugar
With type sweet broomcorn straw soluble sugar content highest (30% or more), root system takes second place (25.8%), blade minimum 8.6%.It is high
Liquid manure and low water and fertilizer coupling are unfavorable for the increase of sugar grass soluble sugar accumulation.
The different water and fertilizer couplings of table 4 are to sandy bare land the sugar seed production of type sugar grass and the influence of quality
Note: a~g is expressed as the significance of difference in the level of p < 0.05.
As shown in Table 4, by different water and fertilizer couplings to sweet sorghum seed quality and yield the result shows that: different liquid manure couplings
It closes processing and significant impact is generated to sandy bare land sugar type sweet sorghum seed yield and quality, compared with not applying fertilizer, with irrigation
Total amount and the increase for applying compound fertilizer amount, sandy bare land sugar type sweet sorghum seed water content, mass of 1000 kernel, seed production are in be continuously increased
Trend；When irrigating the timing of total amount one, seed moisture content of the control and fertilizer treatment of Bu Shi compound fertilizer to sugar grass, mass of 1000 kernel
It is had no significant effect with percentage of seedgermination.Its seed moisture content, mass of 1000 kernel, seed when irrigation volume is 7800t/ha or more
Yield tends towards stability.When irrigating, total amount is 7800t/ha and application fertilizer total amount is 600kg/ha (that is: seedling stage application 150kg/
The urea of ha, jointing stage and heading stage respectively apply the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha) under coupling condition, sandy bare land sugar is with type sugar grass
Seed moisture content, mass of 1000 kernel, seed production reach maximum, respectively 8.14%, 30.0g/1000,2053.1kg/ha, when
Irrigation volume increases or decreases, and when Shi Fuhe fertilizer amount increases or decreases, sandy bare land sugar type sweet sorghum seed yield has different journeys
The reduction of degree illustrates that high liquid manure and low water and fertilizer coupling are unfavorable for mentioning for sandy bare land sugar type sweet sorghum seed quality and yield
It is high.
Embodiment 2
Cultural method of the sandy bare land sugar of the present embodiment with type sugar grass, this method are as follows:
The sandy bare land sugar nearly sweet tea of type sugar grass kind 1 of the present embodiment selection plantation, the plot after selecting maize planting
As experimental field, Yu Siyue 20th start, and after soil is ploughed, before sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass cultivating and growing, apply 30t/ha
Farm manure as base manure, after the overlay film of site preparation level land, press mold water 600t/ha is irrigated, April 25 after upper soll layer shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Sowing, using 2 kinds of tillage methods: it is flat to make overlay film or furrow work, wherein flat overlay film of making is planted using duplicate rows, the planting patterns of use
Are as follows: cave/2 plant spacing in the rows 25cm × line-spacing 40cm, cave/strain or cave/3 plant；Furrow is made to plant using duplicate rows, the planting patterns of use
Are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × row spacing 50cm × high 25cm in ridge cave/2 plant, cave/strain or cave/3 plant；Depth of planting is 2.5cm~3.5cm,
After planting planting hole forms " cave " and covers without soil, causes seed exposed, being rolled with cylindrical facility keeps seed abundant with soil
Contact.The best water and fertilizer coupling of the sandy bare land sugar adaptability of type sugar grass under the conditions of the different water and fertilizer couplings of selection embodiment 1
Condition: the irrigation total amount of entire breeding time is 7800t/ha and application fertilizer total amount is 600kg/ha (i.e. seedling stage application 150kg/
The urea of ha, jointing stage and heading stage respectively apply the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha), compound fertilizer of the compound fertilizer with embodiment 1；
Using completely random district's groups experimental design be respectively set 2 kinds of tillage methods (level land overlay film and furrow make), 3 kinds of planting patterns (cave/
2 plants, cave/strain and cave/3 plant), 2 irrigation gradient (6 times, 7 times；Each irrigation volume is 1200t/ha) and 1 fertilizer treatment is (i.e.
Seedling stage applies the urea of 150kg/ha, and jointing stage and heading stage respectively apply the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha), each processing repeats 4
It is secondary.Irrigation frequency, per hectare irrigate total amount and Different Fertilization amount is shown in Table 5:
It is sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass planting patterns under 5 different tillage method of table and water and fertilizer coupling, irrigation frequency, corresponding
Irrigation volume and dose
Thinning is carried out when sandy bare land sugar has 3 true leaves with type sugar grass plant, because sandy bare land sugar is existed with type sugar grass
Seedling stage water consumption is smaller, and temperature is low in addition, and soil moisture scatters and disappears relatively slowly, in the seedling stage emergence 30 of type sugar grass of sandy bare land sugar
It when, carry out first time irrigation and apply the urea of 150kg/ha, when sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass plant strain growth to 6 true leaves
The test of Shi Jinhang water and fertilizer coupling is determined in sugar grass entire breeding time according to precipitation event, soil moisture content and plant growing way in due course
Amount is irrigated.The compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha is irrigated and applies in the jointing stage of sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass, when sandy bare land sugar is used
The compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha is irrigated and applied for second to the heading stage of type sugar grass when plant height is 2.0m or more, because of July
~August temperature is high, and evaporation capacity is big, and sandy bare land sugar is larger in this period water requirement with type sugar grass breeding time, in July~August
Breeding time of part sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass, increase Irrigation Frequency, remaining time reduction Irrigation Frequency, to sandy bare land sugar type
After sugar grass breeding time carry out sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass plant height, biological yield, tissue sugar content, seed production,
Quality determination.Sandy bare land sugar is shown in Table 6~table 8 with type sugar grass adaptability effect under different tillage method and water and fertilizer coupling:
6 different tillage of table and water and fertilizer coupling are to the influence of type sugar grass plant height and biological yield of sandy bare land sugar
Note: a~d is expressed as the significance of difference in the level of p < 0.05.
As shown in Table 6, to sandy bare land the sugar growth and development of type sugar grass and biology under different tillage and water and fertilizer coupling
The result of study of yield shows: the sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass growth effect when total irrigation volume amount is 7800t/ha~9000t/ha
Fruit is preferable；And compared with the tillage method of level land overlay film, the tillage method that furrow is used as can further improve sandy bare land sugar
Type sugar grass biological yield；In the case where total irrigation volume is 7800t/ha, total amount is 600kg/ha coupling condition to fertilize, sandy bare land sugar
It is maximum with the cave/2 plant planting patterns of type sugar grass level land overlay film its plant height, biological yield fresh weight and dry weight, respectively
237.9cm, 83.9t/ha and 24.7t/ha；Compared with the cultivation mode of cave/3 plant, biological yield fresh weight and dry weight are significant
Increase by 21.4% and 28.6%.
In the case where total irrigation volume is 7800t/ha, total amount is 600kg/ha coupling condition to fertilize, sandy bare land sugar is high with type sweet tea
Fine strain of millet furrow make overlay film cave/2 plant planting patterns plant height, biological yield fresh weight and dry weight be respectively 240.3cm, 92.6t/ha and
29.7t/ha；Compared with the cultivation mode of cave/3 plant, biological yield fresh weight and dry weight dramatically increase 22.6% and 28.0%.
Cave/2 plant plantation side in the case where total irrigation volume is 7800t/ha, total amount is 600kg/ha coupling condition to fertilize, with level land overlay film
Formula compares, and sandy bare land sugar increases separately 10.4% He with type sugar grass furrow operation mode biological yield fresh weight and dry weight
13.4%.This explanation, is 7800t/ha using total irrigation volume and total amount is 600kg/ha as standard to fertilize, sandy bare land sugar type sweet tea
Cave/2 plant the planting patterns that sorghum high-yield high-grade culture technique should take level land overlay film or furrow to make to harvest stalk as mesh.
7 different tillage of table and water and fertilizer coupling are to the sandy bare land sugar shadow of type sugar grass different parts soluble sugar content
It rings
Note: a~d is expressed as the significance of difference in the level of p < 0.05.
As shown in Table 7, different tillage and water and fertilizer coupling are to sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass different parts (root, stem
And blade) soluble sugar content research shows that: when irrigation volume is 7800t/ha, total amount is 600kg/ha coupling condition to fertilize
Under, under the planting patterns of sandy bare land sugar cave/2 plant of type sugar grass level land overlay film in its blade and root system soluble sugar content with
Cave/strain planting patterns difference is not significant, but is significantly higher than the planting patterns of cave/3 plant；Sandy bare land sugar under Different Ways of Planting
It is not significant with soluble sugar content difference in type sweet broomcorn straw；Compared with the tillage method of level land overlay film and water and fertilizer coupling,
The planting patterns that furrow makees cave/2 plant is not significant to soluble sugar content difference in sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass blade and root system,
But soluble sugar content in sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass root system can be further increased.
8 different tillage of table and water and fertilizer coupling are to sandy bare land the sugar seed production of type sugar grass and the influence of quality
Note: a~e is expressed as the significance of difference in the level of p < 0.05.
As shown in Table 8, by different tillage and water and fertilizer coupling to sandy bare land sugar type sweet sorghum seed quality and production
Amount the result shows that: it is 7800t/ha that level land overlay film and furrow, which make overlay film tillage control measure irrigating total amount, and total amount is to fertilize
Under 600kg/ha coupling condition, different planting patterns (cave/strain, cave/2 plant and cave/3 plant) is to sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass
Seed moisture content, mass of 1000 kernel and germination percentage have no significant effect, but to its yield generate significant impact, when irrigate total amount be
When 7800t/ha, to fertilize total amount are 600kg/ha, cave/strain planting patterns seed production that level land overlay film and furrow are made is respectively
2085.1t/ha and 3028.4kg/ha；Compared with the planting patterns of cave/2 plant, seed production increases separately 19.8% He
46.8%, compared with the planting patterns of cave/3 plant, seed production increases separately 21.2% and 50.8%.With level land overlay film
Cave/strain planting patterns compares, and cave/strain cultivation seed production that furrow makees overlay film dramatically increases 69.2%, illustrates always to irrigate
Amount be 7800t/ha and total amount is 600kg/ha to fertilize is standard, and harvest seed is purpose sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass high yield
Cave/strain planting patterns that superior quality cultivation technique should take level land overlay film or furrow to make；And double receive of stem seed is that mesh should take level land
Cave/strain planting patterns that overlay film or furrow are made.
Embodiment 3
Cultural method of the sandy bare land sugar of the present embodiment with type sugar grass, this method are as follows:
The plot after soya bean is planted in the sandy bare land sugar nearly sweet tea of type sugar grass kind 1 of the present embodiment selection plantation, selection
As experimental field, Yu Siyue 20th start, and after soil is ploughed, before sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass cultivating and growing, apply 30t/ha
Farm manure as base manure, after the overlay film of site preparation level land, press mold water 600t/ha is irrigated, April 25 after upper soll layer shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Sowing, using 2 kinds of tillage methods: it is flat to make overlay film or furrow work, wherein flat overlay film of making is planted using duplicate rows, the planting patterns of use
Are as follows: cave/2 plant spacing in the rows 25cm × line-spacing 40cm；Furrow is made to plant using duplicate rows, the planting patterns of use are as follows: and spacing in the rows 25cm ×
Cave/2 plant row spacing 50cm × high 25cm in ridge, depth of planting are 3cm~4cm, each test process setting plot area be 4m ×
4m, each processing are repeated 4 times, and after planting planting hole forms " cave " and covers without soil, cause seed exposed, are ground with cylindrical facility
Pressure comes into full contact with seed with soil.Sandy bare land sugar fitting with type sugar grass under the conditions of the different water and fertilizer couplings of selection embodiment 1
The best water and fertilizer coupling condition of answering property: the irrigation total amount of entire breeding time is 7800t/ha and application fertilizer total amount is 600kg/ha
(i.e. the compound fertilizer that the urea of seedling stage application 150kg/ha, jointing stage and heading stage respectively apply 225kg/ha), the compound fertilizer
With the compound fertilizer of embodiment 1；2 kinds of tillage methods (level land overlay film and furrows are respectively set using completely random district's groups experimental design
Make), a kind of planting patterns (cave/2 plant), (total irrigation volume is 7800t/ha to the processing of 1 water and fertilizer coupling, and irrigation frequency is 6 times, every time
Irrigation volume is 1200t/ha；Total amount is 600kg/ha to fertilize), each processing is repeated 4 times.
Thinning is carried out when sandy bare land sugar has 3 true leaves with type sugar grass plant, because sandy bare land sugar is existed with type sugar grass
Seedling stage water consumption is smaller, and temperature is low in addition, and soil moisture scatters and disappears relatively slowly, in the seedling stage emergence 30 of type sugar grass of sandy bare land sugar
It when, carry out first time irrigation and apply the urea of 150kg/ha, when sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass plant strain growth to 6 true leaves
Shi Jinhang water and fertilizer coupling test, in sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass entire breeding time, according to precipitation event, soil moisture content and plant
Growing way, in due course quantifying irrigation.The compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha is irrigated and applies in the jointing stage of sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass, when
The compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha is irrigated and applied for second to sandy bare land sugar when plant height is 2.0m or more, with heading stage of type sugar grass
Material, because July~August temperature is high, evaporation capacity is big, and sandy bare land sugar is larger in this period water requirement with type sugar grass breeding time, 7
Breeding time of the month~August part sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass, increase Irrigation Frequency, remaining time reduce Irrigation Frequency.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is in Middle of Hexi Corridor, and fringe of desert oasis plants seed production corn:
Implantation methods are the same as method of the sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass, difference in embodiment 3 are as follows: what seed production corn used
The planting patterns for making overlay film is equalled in 2 kinds of tillage methods are as follows: spacing in the rows 22cm × line-spacing 40cm cave/strain；The planting patterns that furrow is made
Are as follows: spacing in the rows 22cm × row spacing 50cm × high 25cm in ridge cave/strain；
Using 2 water and fertilizer coupling processing, first water and fertilizer coupling processing is high with type sweet tea with sandy bare land sugar for seed production corn plantation
Fine strain of millet, it is 10200t/ha that second water and fertilizer coupling processing, which is total irrigation volume, and wherein press mold water is 600t/ha, and irrigation frequency is 8 times,
Each irrigation volume is 1200t/ha；Application chemical fertilizer amount is 1200kg/ha, wherein the urea of application 300kg/ha, jointing stage and pumping
Ear period respectively applies the compound fertilizer of 450kg/ha.
The sandy bare land sugar of example 3 to be performed carries out sandy bare land with after the seed production corn breeding time of type sugar grass and comparative example
Sugar type sugar grass and seed production corn plant height, organize sugar content, seed production, quality determination at biological yield.And calculate kind
Plant the sandy bare land sugar economic value of type sugar grass and seed production corn.Plant the sandy bare land sugar consumption of type sugar grass and seed production corn
Water characteristic, water-saving potential and economic value are shown in Table 9~table 10:
9 kinds of table are planted the Consumption Characteristics of seed production corn and sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass, the comparison of water-saving potential
Note: a~f is expressed as the significance of difference in the level of p < 0.05.
As shown in Table 9, raw with type sugar grass and seed production corn to sandy bare land sugar by different tillage and water and fertilizer coupling
Produce amount and seed production the result shows that: under the tillage control measure and water and fertilizer coupling that under equal conditions (obtain high yield), with kind
It plants seed production corn to compare, plantation sandy bare land sugar has apparent water-saving potential with type sugar grass.Level land overlay film and furrow make farming
Mode is irrigating total amount 7800t/ha, and total amount is sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass cave/2 under 600kg/ha coupling condition to fertilize
Plant height, biological yield and seed production reach maximum under the planting patterns of strain, respectively 249.8cm and 254.3cm,
5042.7kg and 5695.7kg, 144.6kg/ mu and 211.7kg/ mus.And when irrigation volume is 7800t/ha, total amount is to fertilize
When 600kg/ha, cave/strain planting patterns plant height, biological yield and the seed production that seed production corn level land overlay film and furrow are made are then equal
It is lower, respectively 186.6cm and 184.3cm, 3563.1kg and 3701.8kg, 306.3kg/ mu and 321.3kg/ mus；Work as the production of hybrid seeds
The irrigation total amount of corn be 10200t/ha, to fertilize total amount be 1200kg/ha coupling condition under, seed production corn level land overlay film and
Cave/strain planting patterns that furrow is made could obtain high yield.This explanation, it is equal with type sugar grass in plantation seed production corn and sandy bare land sugar
In the case where obtaining high yield, plantation sandy bare land sugar, which is compared with type sugar grass than plantation seed production corn, has apparent water-saving potential,
Water-saving amount is at least up to 2400t/ha.
10 kinds of table are planted seed production corn and sandy bare land sugar the economic value rough Statistics of type sugar grass sugar grass
As shown in Table 10, beautiful with type sugar grass and the production of hybrid seeds to plantation sandy bare land sugar by different tillage and water and fertilizer coupling
The statistical result of economic value shows: under the tillage control measure and water and fertilizer coupling that under equal conditions (obtain high yield), making with plantation
Kind corn (based on harvest seed) is compared, and plantation sandy bare land sugar is high more than plantation seed production corn with the economic value of type sugar grass.
In cost, mulch cost, cost of pouring water and the labor cost for not considering sowing seed, level land overlay film and furrow film-covering planting
Seed production corn seed per mu yield income is respectively 2090 yuan/mu and 2250 yuan/mu, but total amount ratio to fertilize when obtaining high yield
Plantation sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass is applied fertilizer 600kg/ha (wherein=urea: 150kg/ha, compound fertilizer: 450kg/ha) more, is increased
The fertilizer cost added is 113 yuan of (urea: 85 yuan/50kg；Compound fertilizer: 160 yuan/50kg), then according to rough calculation: level land overlay film and
Furrow film-covering planting seed production corn seed per mu yield income is respectively 1977 yuan/mu and 2137 yuan/mu；And level land overlay film and ridge
Ditch film-covering planting sandy bare land sugar with type sugar grass biological yield take in be respectively 2120 yuan/mu and 2390 yuan/mu, level land overlay film with
Furrow film-covering planting sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass income can reach 2523 yuan/mu and 2923 yuan/mu, and economic benefit is more than plantation
Seed production corn wants high.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention in any way.It is all according to invention skill
Art any simple modification, change and equivalence change substantially to the above embodiments, still fall within technical solution of the present invention
Protection scope in.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of sandy bare land sugar cultural method of type sugar grass, which is characterized in that this method are as follows:
Planting site is selected, soil flat make overlay film or after furrow makees, planting patterns appropriate is selected, by sandy bare land sugar type
Sweet sorghum seed after planting, after fertilizer treatment and Irrigation regime, obtains sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass；The plantation side
Formula, Irrigation regime and fertilizer treatment are as follows:
Planting patterns: using the flat tillage method making overlay film or furrow and making；
When use is flat makees the tillage method of overlay film, when harvesting stalk as purpose, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm ×
Cave/2 plant of line-spacing 40cm；When harvesting seed as purpose, the planting patterns of use are as follows: the cave spacing in the rows 25cm × line-spacing 40cm/
Strain；With stalk and seed it is double receive be purpose when, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × line-spacing 40cm cave/strain；
When the tillage method made using furrow, when harvesting stalk as purpose, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × ridge
Cave/2 plant of the wide high 25cm in 50cm × ridge；When harvesting seed as purpose, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × row spacing
Cave/strain of the high 25cm in 50cm × ridge；With stalk and seed it is double receive be purpose when, the planting patterns of use are as follows: spacing in the rows 25cm × ridge
Cave/strain of the wide high 25cm in 50cm × ridge；
Fertilizer treatment: after soil is ploughed, the farm manure that 30t/ha is applied before sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass cultivating and growing is made
It for base manure, then applies the chemical fertilizer of 600kg/ha and carries out top dressing, the topdressing method is in the seedling stage of sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass
At emergence 30 days~35 days, carries out first time irrigation and apply the urea of 150kg/ha, in pulling out for sandy bare land sugar type sugar grass
The compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha is irrigated and applied to the section phase, and when sandy bare land sugar is with the heading stage of type sugar grass, plant height is 2.0m or more
When, irrigate and apply the compound fertilizer of 225kg/ha；
Irrigation regime: sandy bare land sugar is 7800t/ha with the irrigation total amount of the entire breeding time of type sugar grass, press mold water before sowing
Amount is 600t/ha, and seedling to breeding time terminates total irrigation 6 times, and each irrigation volume is 1200t/ha, in July~August part sandy wasteland
Breeding time of the ground sugar with type sugar grass, increase Irrigation Frequency, remaining time reduce Irrigation Frequency.
2. a kind of sandy bare land sugar according to claim 1 cultural method of type sugar grass, which is characterized in that the fertilising
N, P in compound fertilizer in processing2O5And K2The mass fraction of O is 15%.
3. a kind of sandy bare land sugar according to claim 1 cultural method of type sugar grass, which is characterized in that sandy bare land sugar
It is nearly sweet tea 1 with the kind of type sugar grass.
4. a kind of sandy bare land sugar according to claim 1 cultural method of type sugar grass, which is characterized in that the plantation
Ground is the plot after legume crop, corn, wheat or peanut, and the sandy bare land sugar unsuitable continuous cropping of type sugar grass of plantation avoids continuous cropping.
5. a kind of sandy bare land sugar according to claim 1 cultural method of type sugar grass, which is characterized in that the plantation
Ground is the plot after legume crop.
6. a kind of sandy bare land sugar according to claim 4 or 5 cultural method of type sugar grass, which is characterized in that described
Legume crop is soya bean, pea or soybean.
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