CN105706697A - Method for breeding sorgo seeds - Google Patents
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- CN105706697A CN105706697A CN201610108727.0A CN201610108727A CN105706697A CN 105706697 A CN105706697 A CN 105706697A CN 201610108727 A CN201610108727 A CN 201610108727A CN 105706697 A CN105706697 A CN 105706697A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding sorgo seeds. The method comprises the following steps of (1) determining a breeding base; (2) determining water quality standards for farmland irrigation; (3) determining crops for rotation; (4) mixing diammonium phosphate, urea, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate in combination with tillage, applying 0 to 20 cm of soil layer, and ploughing levelly 5 to 7 days after winter water irrigation in every autumn; (5) covering mulching film after ploughing and soil preparation in the period of April 15th to April 25th of the next year; (6) when earth temperature of 5 cm deep is continuously stabilized to 10 DEG C, performing rectilinear seeding in the manners with a male parent plant spacing of 18 cm, a female parent plant spacing of 15 cm, a row spacing of 45 cm, a row ratio of 3:6 and a seeding depth of 2 to 3 cm, wherein a seeding sequence is according to a sequence of sterile line, first-phase maintainer line and second-phase maintainer line; (7) performing field management; (8) preventing diseases and pests; (9) harvesting, airing, and turning over once every five days; threshing, selecting, classifying, packaging and storing after the water content of fruit clusters is smaller than 13 percent. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantage that the problems of low yield and unstable yield in the process of breeding the sorgo seeds are effectively solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture production technology, particularly relate to a kind of sweet sorghum seed propagation method.
Background technology
Sugar grass, it is common that referring to water content in harvest sugar brix Sorghum vulgare Pers. more than 16, it is industrial crops, also it is energy crop, it is the optimum feed solving to reduce international livestock-raising cost, is alleviate the bioenergy that international energy is nervous, be also alleviate the novel replacement glycogen material that international glycogen material is nervous.Sugar grass has drought-enduring, waterlogging, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, resistant to lodging, high yield, high feature sugared, high temperature resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, broad-spectrum.
Gansu Province has advantageous natural environment superiority, sugar grass cultivated area is stable at about 1,000,000 mu in recent years, Sweet Sorghum Industry has been developed as one of pillar industry of reducing enterprise cost increasing peasant income, the subject matter day by day highlighted in Sweet Sorghum Industry evolution is: (1) sweet sorghum seed reproduction technique code is unsound, yields poorly and unstable;(2) sugar grass cenospecies breeding of new variety is delayed, lacks the kind that sugar content resistant to lodging is high;(3) organic fertilizer input amount wretched insufficiency, soil nutrient proportional imbalance, soil physico-chemical property deteriorates;(4) harmful organism increases, and sugar grass yield and quality declines.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide the sweet sorghum seed propagation method that a kind of yield is high and stable.
For solving the problems referred to above, a kind of sweet sorghum seed propagation method of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
(1) determine breeding base:
Selection height above sea level is 1350 ~ 1650m, year-round average temperature is 6.50 ~ 7.50 DEG C, annual precipitation is 150 ~ 250mm, year evaporation capacity be 1800 ~ 2200mm, frost-free period be 140 ~ 160 days, and April ~ JIUYUE sunshine time be 1250 ~ 1800 hours, more than 10 DEG C of accumulated temperature soil in the area of 2800 ~ 3400 DEG C as breeding base, simultaneously, this breeding base arranges isolation area, and meet tasseling stage temperature be 18 ~ 24 DEG C, pustulation period temperature be 14 ~ 19 DEG C;
(2) determine agricultural irrigation water quality standard: hydrogen ion concentration is 2.00 ~ 3.16 receive the/L that rubs, pH value is 5.50 ~ 8.50, salinity < 1500mg/L, chloride < 200mg/L, sulfide < 1mg/L, hydrargyrum < 0.001mg/L, cadmium < 0.005mg/L;
(3) determine crops for rotation: using wheat crops, industrial crops, vegetable crop and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi as crops for rotation;
(4) after filling winter water 5 ~ 7 days annual autumn, mix in the ratio of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 500 ~ 550/hectare, carbamide 275 ~ 325/hectare, potassium sulfate 125 ~ 175/hectare, zinc sulfate 40 ~ 80/hectare, manganese sulfate 15 ~ 45/hectare, ammonium molybdate 6.50 ~ 8.50/hectare in conjunction with farming, and apply 0 ~ 20cm soil layer, then rake a kind of farm tools is smooth;
Second Year Nikkei on 15 ~ April 25 in April plough rake the whole ground of a kind of farm tools after covering with plastic film;
(6) when 5cm ground temperature continuous-stable is to 10 DEG C, being that 2 ~ 3cm carry out keep straight on sowing from 15cm, line-spacing 45cm, row than 3:6, depth of planting by male parent spacing in the rows 18cm, female parent strain, sowing order is followed successively by sterile line, the first phase keeps system, the second phase keeps system;
(7) field management;
(8) the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to a conventional method head smut of sorghum, top rot, stem rot, dateplum persimmon disease, aphid and red spider are prevented and treated;
(9) annual late September gathered in the crops to early October, and by the thickness of 10cm, the fruit ear of results is carried out dry in the sun, and stirred 1 time every 5 days;When fruit ear moisture is lower than 13% through threshing, selected, classification, packaging, preserve.
Described step (1) in soil types be moisture soil, saline moist soil, filling desert soil, tide fill desert soil, salinization fill desert soil, secretly fill desert soil, ash fill desert soil, cultivate aeolian sandy soil, cultivate desert grey soil, cultivate grey-brown desert soil, cultivate brown desert soil, cultivate in aeolian sandy soil any one.
The physical property of described step (1) middle soil refers to that arable layer unit weight is 1.00 ~ 1.35g/cm, and total porosity is 49.06 ~ 82.25%, and the soil texture is loamy soil or sandy soil, and Soil structure is chunky shape or bulk.
The chemical property of described step (1) middle soil refers to that the plough horizon content of organic matter is 10.00 ~ 25g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 30 ~ 80mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus is 5 ~ 20mg/kg, available potassium is 100 ~ 160mg/kg, pH value is 7.00 ~ 8.50, salinity is 0.5 ~ 3.00g/kg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 10 ~ 25cmol/kg.
Described step (5) in mulch film refer to that thickness be 0.005cm, fabric width is the agricultural film of 60.
1. the (7) middle field management of described step refers to respectively irrigates 1 time in jointing stage, heading stage, florescence, pustulation period respectively, and each irrigation norm is 900m3~1200m3/ hectare;2. in seedling stage, jointing stage and early stage of blooming, hybrid strain is all pulled out;3. hybrid strain and loose powder strain in sterile line are pulled out;4. carry out field check before results, pull out hybrid strain.
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that
The best ecotope of sweet sorghum seed breeding, agricultural irrigation water quality standard, suitable planting crops for rotation, autumn fertilizer practice, seeding technique, roguing technology, water content in harvest and storage technique are present invention determine that originally, efficiently solve the technical regulation existed in sweet sorghum seed reproductive process unsound, yield poorly and the problem of shakiness.
Detailed description of the invention
1 one kinds of sweet sorghum seed propagation methods of embodiment, comprise the following steps:
(1) determine breeding base:
Selection height above sea level is 1350 ~ 1650m, year-round average temperature is 6.50 ~ 7.50 DEG C, annual precipitation is 150 ~ 250mm, year evaporation capacity be 1800 ~ 2200mm, frost-free period be 140 ~ 160 days, and April ~ JIUYUE sunshine time be 1250 ~ 1800 hours, more than 10 DEG C of accumulated temperature soil in the area of 2800 ~ 3400 DEG C as breeding base, simultaneously, this breeding base arranges isolation area, forbid plantation sorghum in the 500m of this isolation area, and meet tasseling stage temperature be 18 ~ 24 DEG C, pustulation period temperature be 14 ~ 19 DEG C.
Wherein:
Soil types be moisture soil, saline moist soil, filling desert soil, tide fill desert soil, salinization fill desert soil, secretly fill desert soil, ash fill desert soil, cultivate aeolian sandy soil, cultivate desert grey soil, cultivate grey-brown desert soil, cultivate brown desert soil, cultivate in aeolian sandy soil any one.
The physical property of soil refers to that arable layer unit weight is 1.00 ~ 1.35g/cm, and total porosity is 49.06 ~ 82.25%, and the soil texture is loamy soil or sandy soil, and Soil structure is chunky shape or bulk.
The chemical property of soil refers to that the plough horizon content of organic matter is 10.00 ~ 25g/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 30 ~ 80mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 5 ~ 20mg/kg, available potassium is 100 ~ 160mg/kg, pH value is 7.00 ~ 8.50, and salinity is 0.5 ~ 3.00g/kg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 10 ~ 25cmol/kg.
(2) determine agricultural irrigation water quality standard: hydrogen ion concentration is 2.00 ~ 3.16 receive the/L that rubs, pH value is 5.50 ~ 8.50, salinity < 1500mg/L, chloride < 200mg/L, sulfide < 1mg/L, hydrargyrum < 0.001mg/L, cadmium < 0.005mg/L.
(3) determine crops for rotation: using wheat crops, industrial crops, vegetable crop and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi as crops for rotation.
(4) after filling winter water 5 ~ 7 days annual autumn, mix in the ratio of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 500/hectare, carbamide 275/hectare, potassium sulfate 125/hectare, zinc sulfate 40/hectare, manganese sulfate 15/hectare, ammonium molybdate 6.50/hectare in conjunction with farming, and apply 0 ~ 20cm soil layer, then rake a kind of farm tools is smooth.
Second Year Nikkei on 15 ~ April 25 in April plough rake the whole ground of a kind of farm tools after covering with plastic film.
Wherein: mulch film refers to that thickness be 0.005cm, fabric width is the agricultural film of 60.
(6) when 5cm ground temperature continuous-stable is to 10 DEG C, it is that 2 ~ 3cm carry out keep straight on sowing (namely do not plant wardrobe from 15cm, line-spacing 45cm, row than 3:6, depth of planting by male parent spacing in the rows 18cm, female parent strain, the plantation of dual-side row keeps system), sowing order is followed successively by sterile line, the first phase keeps system, the second phase keeps system.
(7) field management:
1. respectively irrigating 1 time in jointing stage, heading stage, florescence, pustulation period respectively, each irrigation norm is 900m3~1200m3/ hectare;
2. in seedling stage, jointing stage and early stage of blooming, hybrid strain is all pulled out;
3. hybrid strain and loose powder strain in sterile line are pulled out;
4. carry out field check before results, pull out hybrid strain.
(8) the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to a conventional method head smut of sorghum, top rot, stem rot, dateplum persimmon disease, aphid and red spider are prevented and treated.
(9) annual late September gathered in the crops to early October, and by the thickness of 10cm, the fruit ear of results is carried out dry in the sun, and stirred 1 time every 5 days;When fruit ear moisture is lower than 13% through threshing, selected, classification, packaging, preserve.
2 one kinds of sweet sorghum seed propagation methods of embodiment, comprise the following steps:
(1) determine breeding base:
Selection height above sea level is 1350 ~ 1650m, year-round average temperature is 6.50 ~ 7.50 DEG C, annual precipitation is 150 ~ 250mm, year evaporation capacity be 1800 ~ 2200mm, frost-free period be 140 ~ 160 days, and April ~ JIUYUE sunshine time be 1250 ~ 1800 hours, more than 10 DEG C of accumulated temperature soil in the area of 2800 ~ 3400 DEG C as breeding base, simultaneously, this breeding base arranges isolation area, forbid plantation sorghum in the 500m of this isolation area, and meet tasseling stage temperature be 18 ~ 24 DEG C, pustulation period temperature be 14 ~ 19 DEG C.
Wherein:
Soil types be moisture soil, saline moist soil, filling desert soil, tide fill desert soil, salinization fill desert soil, secretly fill desert soil, ash fill desert soil, cultivate aeolian sandy soil, cultivate desert grey soil, cultivate grey-brown desert soil, cultivate brown desert soil, cultivate in aeolian sandy soil any one.
The physical property of soil refers to that arable layer unit weight is 1.00 ~ 1.35g/cm, and total porosity is 49.06 ~ 82.25%, and the soil texture is loamy soil or sandy soil, and Soil structure is chunky shape or bulk.
The chemical property of soil refers to that the plough horizon content of organic matter is 10.00 ~ 25g/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 30 ~ 80mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 5 ~ 20mg/kg, available potassium is 100 ~ 160mg/kg, pH value is 7.00 ~ 8.50, and salinity is 0.5 ~ 3.00g/kg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 10 ~ 25cmol/kg.
(2) determine agricultural irrigation water quality standard: hydrogen ion concentration is 2.00 ~ 3.16 receive the/L that rubs, pH value is 5.50 ~ 8.50, salinity < 1500mg/L, chloride < 200mg/L, sulfide < 1mg/L, hydrargyrum < 0.001mg/L, cadmium < 0.005mg/L.
(3) determine crops for rotation: using wheat crops, industrial crops, vegetable crop and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi as crops for rotation.
(4) after filling winter water 5 ~ 7 days annual autumn, mix in the ratio of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 550/hectare, carbamide 325/hectare, potassium sulfate 175/hectare, zinc sulfate 80/hectare, manganese sulfate 45/hectare, ammonium molybdate 8.50/hectare in conjunction with farming, and apply 0 ~ 20cm soil layer, then rake a kind of farm tools is smooth.
Second Year Nikkei on 15 ~ April 25 in April plough rake the whole ground of a kind of farm tools after covering with plastic film.
Wherein: mulch film refers to that thickness be 0.005cm, fabric width is the agricultural film of 60.
(6) when 5cm ground temperature continuous-stable is to 10 DEG C, it is that 2 ~ 3cm carry out keep straight on sowing (namely do not plant wardrobe from 15cm, line-spacing 45cm, row than 3:6, depth of planting by male parent spacing in the rows 18cm, female parent strain, the plantation of dual-side row keeps system), sowing order is followed successively by sterile line, the first phase keeps system, the second phase keeps system.
(7) field management:
1. respectively irrigating 1 time in jointing stage, heading stage, florescence, pustulation period respectively, each irrigation norm is 900m3~1200m3/ hectare;
2. in seedling stage, jointing stage and early stage of blooming, hybrid strain is all pulled out;
3. hybrid strain and loose powder strain in sterile line are pulled out;
4. carry out field check before results, pull out hybrid strain.
(8) the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to a conventional method head smut of sorghum, top rot, stem rot, dateplum persimmon disease, aphid and red spider are prevented and treated.
(9) annual late September gathered in the crops to early October, and by the thickness of 10cm, the fruit ear of results is carried out dry in the sun, and stirred 1 time every 5 days;When fruit ear moisture is lower than 13% through threshing, selected, classification, packaging, preserve.
3 one kinds of sweet sorghum seed propagation methods of embodiment, comprise the following steps:
(1) determine breeding base:
Selection height above sea level is 1350 ~ 1650m, year-round average temperature is 6.50 ~ 7.50 DEG C, annual precipitation is 150 ~ 250mm, year evaporation capacity be 1800 ~ 2200mm, frost-free period be 140 ~ 160 days, and April ~ JIUYUE sunshine time be 1250 ~ 1800 hours, more than 10 DEG C of accumulated temperature soil in the area of 2800 ~ 3400 DEG C as breeding base, simultaneously, this breeding base arranges isolation area, forbid plantation sorghum in the 500m of this isolation area, and meet tasseling stage temperature be 18 ~ 24 DEG C, pustulation period temperature be 14 ~ 19 DEG C.
Wherein:
Soil types be moisture soil, saline moist soil, filling desert soil, tide fill desert soil, salinization fill desert soil, secretly fill desert soil, ash fill desert soil, cultivate aeolian sandy soil, cultivate desert grey soil, cultivate grey-brown desert soil, cultivate brown desert soil, cultivate in aeolian sandy soil any one.
The physical property of soil refers to that arable layer unit weight is 1.00 ~ 1.35g/cm, and total porosity is 49.06 ~ 82.25%, and the soil texture is loamy soil or sandy soil, and Soil structure is chunky shape or bulk.
The chemical property of soil refers to that the plough horizon content of organic matter is 10.00 ~ 25g/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 30 ~ 80mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 5 ~ 20mg/kg, available potassium is 100 ~ 160mg/kg, pH value is 7.00 ~ 8.50, and salinity is 0.5 ~ 3.00g/kg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 10 ~ 25cmol/kg.
(2) determine agricultural irrigation water quality standard: hydrogen ion concentration is 2.00 ~ 3.16 receive the/L that rubs, pH value is 5.50 ~ 8.50, salinity < 1500mg/L, chloride < 200mg/L, sulfide < 1mg/L, hydrargyrum < 0.001mg/L, cadmium < 0.005mg/L.
(3) determine crops for rotation: using wheat crops, industrial crops, vegetable crop and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi as crops for rotation.
(4) after filling winter water 5 ~ 7 days annual autumn, mix in the ratio of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 525/hectare, carbamide 300/hectare, potassium sulfate 150/hectare, zinc sulfate 60/hectare, manganese sulfate 30/hectare, ammonium molybdate 7.50/hectare in conjunction with farming, and apply 0 ~ 20cm soil layer, then rake a kind of farm tools is smooth.
Second Year Nikkei on 15 ~ April 25 in April plough rake the whole ground of a kind of farm tools after covering with plastic film.
Wherein: mulch film refers to that thickness be 0.005cm, fabric width is the agricultural film of 60.
(6) when 5cm ground temperature continuous-stable is to 10 DEG C, it is that 2 ~ 3cm carry out keep straight on sowing (namely do not plant wardrobe from 15cm, line-spacing 45cm, row than 3:6, depth of planting by male parent spacing in the rows 18cm, female parent strain, the plantation of dual-side row keeps system), sowing order is followed successively by sterile line, the first phase keeps system, the second phase keeps system.
(7) field management:
1. respectively irrigating 1 time in jointing stage, heading stage, florescence, pustulation period respectively, each irrigation norm is 900m3~1200m3/ hectare;
2. in seedling stage, jointing stage and early stage of blooming, hybrid strain is all pulled out;
3. hybrid strain and loose powder strain in sterile line are pulled out;
4. carry out field check before results, pull out hybrid strain.
(8) the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to a conventional method head smut of sorghum, top rot, stem rot, dateplum persimmon disease, aphid and red spider are prevented and treated.
(9) annual late September gathered in the crops to early October, and by the thickness of 10cm, the fruit ear of results is carried out dry in the sun, and stirred 1 time every 5 days;When fruit ear moisture is lower than 13% through threshing, selected, classification, packaging, preserve.
Claims (6)
1. a sweet sorghum seed propagation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) determine breeding base:
Selection height above sea level is 1350 ~ 1650m, year-round average temperature is 6.50 ~ 7.50 DEG C, annual precipitation is 150 ~ 250mm, year evaporation capacity be 1800 ~ 2200mm, frost-free period be 140 ~ 160 days, and April ~ JIUYUE sunshine time be 1250 ~ 1800 hours, more than 10 DEG C of accumulated temperature soil in the area of 2800 ~ 3400 DEG C as breeding base, simultaneously, this breeding base arranges isolation area, and meet tasseling stage temperature be 18 ~ 24 DEG C, pustulation period temperature be 14 ~ 19 DEG C;
(2) determine agricultural irrigation water quality standard: hydrogen ion concentration is 2.00 ~ 3.16 receive the/L that rubs, pH value is 5.50 ~ 8.50, salinity < 1500mg/L, chloride < 200mg/L, sulfide < 1mg/L, hydrargyrum < 0.001mg/L, cadmium < 0.005mg/L;
(3) determine crops for rotation: using wheat crops, industrial crops, vegetable crop and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi as crops for rotation;
(4) after filling winter water 5 ~ 7 days annual autumn, mix in the ratio of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 500 ~ 550/hectare, carbamide 275 ~ 325/hectare, potassium sulfate 125 ~ 175/hectare, zinc sulfate 40 ~ 80/hectare, manganese sulfate 15 ~ 45/hectare, ammonium molybdate 6.50 ~ 8.50/hectare in conjunction with farming, and apply 0 ~ 20cm soil layer, then rake a kind of farm tools is smooth;
Second Year Nikkei on 15 ~ April 25 in April plough rake the whole ground of a kind of farm tools after covering with plastic film;
(6) when 5cm ground temperature continuous-stable is to 10 DEG C, being that 2 ~ 3cm carry out keep straight on sowing from 15cm, line-spacing 45cm, row than 3:6, depth of planting by male parent spacing in the rows 18cm, female parent strain, sowing order is followed successively by sterile line, the first phase keeps system, the second phase keeps system;
(7) field management;
(8) the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to a conventional method head smut of sorghum, top rot, stem rot, dateplum persimmon disease, aphid and red spider are prevented and treated;
(9) annual late September gathered in the crops to early October, and by the thickness of 10cm, the fruit ear of results is carried out dry in the sun, and stirred 1 time every 5 days;When fruit ear moisture is lower than 13% through threshing, selected, classification, packaging, preserve.
2. sweet sorghum seed propagation method as claimed in claim 1 a kind of, it is characterised in that: described step (1) in soil types be moisture soil, saline moist soil, filling desert soil, tide fills desert soil, salinization fills desert soil, secretly fill desert soil, ash fills desert soil, cultivate aeolian sandy soil, cultivate desert grey soil, cultivate grey-brown desert soil, cultivate brown desert soil, cultivate in aeolian sandy soil any one.
3. a kind of sweet sorghum seed propagation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the physical property of described step (1) middle soil refers to that arable layer unit weight is 1.00 ~ 1.35g/cm, total porosity is 49.06 ~ 82.25%, the soil texture is loamy soil or sandy soil, and Soil structure is chunky shape or bulk.
4. a kind of sweet sorghum seed propagation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the chemical property of described step (1) middle soil refers to that the plough horizon content of organic matter is 10.00 ~ 25g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 30 ~ 80mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus is 5 ~ 20mg/kg, available potassium is 100 ~ 160mg/kg, pH value is 7.00 ~ 8.50, and salinity is 0.5 ~ 3.00g/kg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 10 ~ 25cmol/kg.
5. sweet sorghum seed propagation method as claimed in claim 1 a kind of, it is characterised in that: described step (5) in mulch film refer to that thickness be 0.005cm, fabric width is the agricultural film of 60.
6. a kind of sweet sorghum seed propagation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: 1. the (7) middle field management of described step refers to respectively irrigates 1 time in jointing stage, heading stage, florescence, pustulation period respectively, and each irrigation norm is 900m3~1200m3/ hectare;2. in seedling stage, jointing stage and early stage of blooming, hybrid strain is all pulled out;3. hybrid strain and loose powder strain in sterile line are pulled out;4. carry out field check before results, pull out hybrid strain.
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CN109618840A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of sandy bare land sugar cultural method of type sugar grass |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109618840A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of sandy bare land sugar cultural method of type sugar grass |
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