CN107667790A - The peanut that salt-soda soil increases income/cotton strip cropping method - Google Patents
The peanut that salt-soda soil increases income/cotton strip cropping method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the growing and cultivation technical field of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root, a kind of peanut increased income in particular to salt-soda soil/cotton strip cropping method, it comprises the following steps：(a) site preparation pressure alkali；(b) timing tillage, site preparation ridging；(c) base fertilising material；(d) peanut, cotton planting：Peanut band uses 6 with cotton band:4 strip cropping patterns, i.e. peanut band sow the row peanut of three ridge six, cotton band four row cottons of sowing, and peanut band sequentially arranges successively with cotton band, and floor space ratio is 4.5:5.5.Using peanut/cotton strip cropping method of the present invention, make keeping inland alkaline land cotton routinely to put down substantially under planting patterns on the basis of the yield level of cotton nonoculture, also increase income 450 500 thousand grams/acre of peanut.The ability to ward off risks of salt-soda soil pattern of farming is improved, adds the economic benefit of long-term cropping on salt-soda soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the growing and cultivation technical field of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root, increased income in particular to a kind of salt-soda soil
Peanut/cotton strip cropping method.
Background technology
China saline-alkali soil area about 1.0 × 107hm2, the 2.1% of territory total area is accounted for, accounts for the 6.2% of cultivated area, mesh
Preceding still to have 80% or so to be not yet utilized, the salinization of soil seriously constrains grain-production and agricultural sustainable development.
It is more to plant Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop in inland saline-alkali soil area agricultural planting structure traditional for many years -- based on cotton, still
Planting structure is single and more fragile, during expense of labour, its cost increase in recent years, and price, Benefit Drops.
Almost without peanut cultivation on the salt-soda soil of inland, it is relatively low that it is primarily due to peanut itself salt tolerant alkali ability, kind
Plant area is smaller, and planting technology is immature, and disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling caused by salt damage protrudes, and yield is very low, inferior quality, economy effect
Benefit, Social Ecology and ecological benefits are relatively low.
But plantation peanut has the advantages of good in economic efficiency and management is light simple, if kind of the peanut in salt-soda soil can be improved
Planting technology, its yield is improved, it is important for improving pattern of farming, increasing farmers' income and ensureing that edible oil and fat are respectively provided with safely
Meaning.
If using suitable peanut/cotton planting pattern in inland salt-soda soil, the fragile single agriculture in this area can be improved
Industry pattern of farming, inland varieties in saline-alkali areas land utilization efficiency is improved, is increased economic efficiency.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to for crop-planting economic benefit is low on salt-soda soil the problem of, there is provided one kind can
Peanut/cotton strip cropping the method for helping salt-soda soil to increase income.
To achieve these goals, the peanut that salt-soda soil of the invention increases income/cotton strip cropping method, including following step
Suddenly：
(a) site preparation pressure alkali；
(b) timing tillage, site preparation ridging；
(c) base fertilising material；
(d) peanut/cotton planting：Peanut band uses 6 with cotton band:4 strip cropping patterns, i.e. peanut band sow the row of 3 ridge 6
Peanut, cotton band 4 row cottons of sowing, peanut band sequentially arrange successively with cotton band, and floor space ratio is 4.5:5.5.
Further, the step (a) specifically includes：Spring levels land before peanut, cotton planting, carries out river filling
Irrigate pressure alkali, irrigation quantity 80-100m3/ mu, earth's surface 0-20cm soil layers soil moisture content is reached saturation moisture content, make topsoil soils salt
Point with water to oozing the purpose that reaches pressure alkali desalination under deep soil leaching.
Further, in the step (b) when moisture evaporation to soil water content is 70%-80% soil moisture content
Progress integrated machine is ploughed, site preparation, ridging.
Further, every mu of base manure applies N P and K controlled-release compound fertilizer 50-60kg in the step (c).
Further, peanut and cotton using sowing row duplicate rows plastic mulching cultivation technology, use in the step (d)
Essence measures the seeding method that mechanical ridging, mechanical planting and covering with ground sheeting are completed in the lump, and peanut cultivation density is maintained at 1.35-1.55
Ten thousand caves/mu, cotton planting density are maintained at 5500-6500 plants/acre, timely firming, keep the tight and higher overlay film matter of overlay film
Amount.
Further, in the step (d), sowing cotton seed, cotton are carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 14 DEG C
Flower sowing using etc. row is flat makees planting patterns, line space 50-55cm, hill spacing 14-15cm.
Further, in the step (d), peanut seeding is carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 15 DEG C, flower
Raw sowing use ridging film-covering planting mode, the sowing row of 3 ridge 6, ridge face width 80-85cm, the high 15-16cm in ridge face, wide 10- between two ridges
15cm, wherein the line space of 2 row peanuts is 24-26cm, hill spacing 15-17cm on per ridge.
Further, the spacing between cotton band and peanut band is 70-75cm.
The invention has the advantages that：Using peanut/cotton strip cropping method of the present invention, in basic keep
Land alkaline land cotton is routinely flat to be made under planting patterns on the basis of the yield level of cotton nonoculture, also to increase income peanut 450-500 thousand
Gram/acre.The ability to ward off risks of salt-soda soil pattern of farming is improved, adds the economic benefit of long-term cropping on salt-soda soil.
Embodiment
Embodiment provided by the invention is elaborated below.
1st, materials and methods
Embodiment 1
Field plot trial is set, 0-20cm soil layers soil salt content 0.28%, peanut/cotton 4 is set:2 strip croppings
Pattern, peanut ridge culture overlay film, cotton is flat to make overlay film, is repeated 3 times, random alignment.
(1) spring site preparation pressure alkali
Before plantation, prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 80-100m are carried out3/ mu, Surfaces soil water content reach full
And water content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to oozing the purpose that reaches pressure alkali desalination under deep soil leaching；
(2) timing tillage, site preparation：After pressure of pouring water salt, treat moisture evaporation to the soil that soil water content is 70%-80%
Ploughed during soil moisture content, site preparation；
(3) apply fertilizer：Every mu of base applies N P and K controlled-release compound fertilizer 50-60kg；
(4) peanut/cotton strip cropping：Peanut band uses 4 with cotton band:2 strip cropping patterns, i.e. peanut band sowing 2
The row peanut of ridge 4, cotton band 2 row cottons of sowing, order arranges successively for the two, and its floor space ratio keeps 1:1.
First, 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature it is stable more than 14 DEG C when carry out sowing cotton seed, sowing cotton seed using etc. row is flat makees
Planting patterns, line space keep 60-70cm, hill spacing 14-15cm；Enter when soil 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 15 DEG C
Row peanut seeding, peanut seeding use ridge culture planting mode, sow the row of 2 ridge 4, wherein the line space of 2 row peanuts is kept on per ridge
24-26cm, hill spacing 15-17cm.
Cotton band keeps 70-75cm line-spacing so that cotton manages harvesting and peanut management harvests with peanut interband line-spacing,
Peanut cultivation density is maintained at ten thousand caves of 1.35-1.55/mu, and cotton planting density is maintained at 5500-6500 plants/acre.
(6) overlay film：The peaceful planting patterns for making overlay film of ridge culture overlay film is respectively adopted in peanut and cotton, is gone using being sowed on ridge
Duplicate rows soverlay technique, timely firming, keep the tight and higher compound film quality of overlay film.
The seeding method that peanut and cotton are completed in the lump using mechanical precision drilling with covering with ground sheeting, with save manually into
Originally seed dosage, is reduced.
(7) seedling is put in punching in time：To be punched in time when peanut cotylcdon expansion color is green by xanthochromia and put seedling, putting after seedling will block up
Sternly, seedling work is put preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
Embodiment 2
Field plot trial is set, 0-20cm soil layers soil salt content 0.28%, peanut/cotton 6 is set:4 strip croppings
Pattern, peanut ridge culture overlay film, cotton is flat to make overlay film, is repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Peanut band plants the row peanut of 3 ridge 6, cotton band 4 row cottons of plantation, and peanut band, cotton band land area ratio are
4.5:5.5。
(1) spring site preparation pressure alkali
Before plantation, prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 80-100m are carried out3/ mu, Surfaces soil water content reach full
And water content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to oozing the purpose that reaches pressure alkali desalination under deep soil leaching；
(2) timing tillage, site preparation：After pressure of pouring water salt, treat moisture evaporation to the soil that soil water content is 70%-80%
Ploughed during soil moisture content, site preparation；
(3) apply fertilizer：Every mu of base applies N P and K controlled-release compound fertilizer 50-60kg；
(4) peanut/cotton strip cropping：Peanut band uses 6 with cotton band:4 strip cropping patterns, i.e. peanut band sowing 3
The row peanut of ridge 6, cotton band 4 row cottons of sowing, order arranges successively for the two, and its floor space ratio keeps 4.5:5.5, approximation 1:
1。
First, 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature it is stable more than 14 DEG C when carry out sowing cotton seed, sowing cotton seed using etc. row is flat makees
Planting patterns, line space keep 60-70cm, hill spacing 14-15cm；Enter when soil 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 15 DEG C
Row peanut seeding, peanut seeding use ridge culture planting mode, sow the row of 3 ridge 6, wherein the line space of 2 row peanuts is kept on per ridge
24-26cm, hill spacing 15-17cm.
Cotton band keeps 70-75cm line-spacing so that cotton manages harvesting and peanut management harvests with peanut interband line-spacing,
Peanut cultivation density is maintained at ten thousand caves of 1.35-1.55/mu, and cotton planting density is maintained at 5500-6500 plants/acre.
(6) overlay film：The peaceful planting patterns for making overlay film of ridge culture overlay film is respectively adopted in peanut and cotton, is gone using being sowed on ridge
Duplicate rows soverlay technique, timely firming, keep the tight and higher compound film quality of overlay film.
The seeding method that peanut and cotton are completed in the lump using mechanical precision drilling with covering with ground sheeting, with save manually into
Originally seed dosage, is reduced.
(7) seedling is put in punching in time：To be punched in time when peanut cotylcdon expansion color is green by xanthochromia and put seedling, putting after seedling will block up
Sternly, seedling work is put preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
Embodiment 3
Field plot trial is set, 0-20cm soil layers soil salt content 0.28%, peanut/cotton 8 is set:4 strip croppings
Pattern, peanut ridge culture overlay film, cotton is flat to make overlay film, is repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Peanut band plants the row peanut of 4 ridge 8, cotton band 4 row cottons of plantation, and peanut band, cotton band land area ratio are
4.8:4.6。
(1) spring site preparation pressure alkali
Before plantation, prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 80-100m are carried out3/ mu, Surfaces soil water content reach full
And water content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to oozing the purpose that reaches pressure alkali desalination under deep soil leaching；
(2) timing tillage, site preparation：After pressure of pouring water salt, treat moisture evaporation to the soil that soil water content is 70%-80%
Ploughed during soil moisture content, site preparation；
(3) apply fertilizer：Every mu of base applies N P and K controlled-release compound fertilizer 50-60kg；
(4) peanut/cotton strip cropping：Peanut band uses 8 with cotton band:4 strip cropping patterns, i.e. peanut band sowing 4
The row peanut of ridge 8, cotton band 4 row cottons of sowing, order arranges successively for the two, and its floor space ratio keeps 4.8:4.6.
First, 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature it is stable more than 14 DEG C when carry out sowing cotton seed, sowing cotton seed using etc. row is flat makees
Planting patterns, line space keep 60-70cm, hill spacing 14-15cm；Enter when soil 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 15 DEG C
Row peanut seeding, peanut seeding use ridge culture planting mode, sow the row of 3 ridge 6, wherein the line space of 2 row peanuts is kept on per ridge
24-26cm, hill spacing 15-17cm.
Cotton band keeps 70-75cm line-spacing so that cotton manages harvesting and peanut management harvests with peanut interband line-spacing,
Peanut cultivation density is maintained at ten thousand caves of 1.35-1.55/mu, and cotton planting density is maintained at 5500-6500 plants/acre.
(6) overlay film：The peaceful planting patterns for making overlay film of ridge culture overlay film is respectively adopted in peanut and cotton, is gone using being sowed on ridge
Duplicate rows soverlay technique, timely firming, keep the tight and higher compound film quality of overlay film.
The seeding method that peanut and cotton are completed in the lump using mechanical precision drilling with covering with ground sheeting, with save manually into
Originally seed dosage, is reduced.
(7) seedling is put in punching to peanut in time：To be punched in time when peanut cotylcdon expansion color is green by xanthochromia and put seedling, put after seedling
Block up sternly, put seedling work preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
Embodiment 4
Field plot trial is set, 0-20cm soil layers soil salt content 0.28%, peanut nonoculture ridge culture film-covering planting is set
Pattern, it is repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Peanut seeding is carried out when basic soil 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 15 DEG C, using ridge culture film-covering planting
Mode, ridge face width 80-85cm, two ridge spacing 15-17cm, often the line space of 2 row peanuts keeps 24-26cm, hill spacing 15- on the face of ridge
17cm。
(1) spring site preparation pressure alkali
Before plantation, prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 80-100m are carried out3/ mu, Surfaces soil water content reach full
And water content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to oozing the purpose that reaches pressure alkali desalination under deep soil leaching；
(2) timing tillage, site preparation：After pressure of pouring water salt, treat moisture evaporation to the soil that soil water content is 70%-80%
Ploughed during soil moisture content, site preparation；
(3) apply fertilizer：Every mu of base applies N P and K controlled-release compound fertilizer 50-60kg；
(4) begin sowing in good time：Peanut seeding is carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 15 DEG C, using ridge culture overlay film
Planting patterns, per the row of ridge planting 2, row spacing 80-85cm, two ridge spacing 15-20cm, the line space of 2 row peanuts is protected wherein on the face of ridge
25cm, hill spacing 15-17cm are held, planting density is maintained at ten thousand caves of 1.35-1.55/mu.
(5) overlay film：Using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique, timely firming, the tight and higher compound film quality of overlay film is kept.
The seeding method completed in the lump using mechanical precision drilling and covering with ground sheeting, to save cost of labor, reduce seed dosage.
(6) seedling is put in punching in time：To be punched in time when peanut cotylcdon expansion color is green by xanthochromia and put seedling, putting after seedling will block up
Sternly, seedling work is put preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
Embodiment 5
Field plot trial is set, 0-20cm soil layers soil salt content 0.28%, sets cotton nonoculture is flat to make film-covering planting
Mode, it is repeated 3 times, random alignment.
(1) spring site preparation pressure alkali
Before plantation, prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure alkali, irrigation quantity 80-100m are carried out3/ mu, reaches Surfaces soil water content
Saturation moisture content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to oozing the purpose that reaches pressure alkali desalination under deep soil leaching；
(2) timing tillage, site preparation：After pressure of pouring water salt, treat moisture evaporation to the soil that soil water content is 70%-80%
Ploughed during soil moisture content, site preparation；
(3) apply fertilizer：Rational use of chemical fertilizer, every mu of base apply N P and K controlled-release compound fertilizer 50-60kg；
(4) begin sowing in good time：First, sowing cotton seed, sowing cotton seed are carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 14 DEG C
Make planting patterns, line-spacing 60-70cm, hill spacing 14-15cm using flat.Cotton planting density is maintained at 6000-6500 plants/acre；
(5) overlay film：The flat planting patterns for making overlay film, using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique, timely firming, keep overlay film tight
Real and higher compound film quality.The seeding method completed in the lump using mechanical precision drilling and covering with ground sheeting, with save manually into
Originally seed dosage, is reduced.
2nd, result and analysis
2.1 peanuts/influence of the cotton difference banding cropping pattern to output of cotton
Table 1 shows that under inland alkaline earth peanut/cotton difference banding cropping pattern, output of cotton is maintained at 109.94-
121.4 thousand grams/acre, thousand grams/acre of cotton nonoculture yield 109.67-122.49, average product is 116.5 thousand grams/acre.3 cultivate peanut/
Under cotton strip cropping pattern, output of cotton increase and decrease amplitude is smaller, between 2.39%-5.63%, peanut/cotton 4:2 bandings
The cotton underproduction is more serious under cropping pattern, peanut/cotton 8:The underproduction is taken second place under 4 strip cropping patterns, only peanut/cotton 6:4
Output of cotton under strip cropping pattern under its nonoculture compared with increased, rate of growth 4.21%.It can be seen that peanut/cotton 6:4th, it is native
Ground area ratio is 4.5:During 5.5 strip cropping pattern, may be used also while inland alkaline land cotton yield can be kept not reduce
Increase income 487.7 thousand grams/acre of peanut pod yield.
Seed cotton yield under 1 peanut of table/cotton difference banding cropping pattern
2.2 peanuts/influence of the cotton difference banding cropping pattern to peanut yield
Table 2 shows, under the saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root in inland/cotton difference banding cropping pattern, the production with Conventional coverlay film ridge culture peanut
Amount differs greatly, peanut/cotton 4:Peanut pod yield reduction is up to 42.9% under 2 strip cropping patterns, intimate underproduction half,
Peanut/cotton 8:4 strip cropping pattern underproduction rates are taken second place, and are 36.28%, only peanut/cotton 6:4 strip cropping patterns with often
It is close to advise the yield of overlay film ridge culture peanut, the only underproduction 0.4%, the hardly underproduction.It can be seen that inland saline-alkali soil area peanut/cotton is reasonable
Strip cropping pattern can keep inland salt-soda soil peanut yield also to be obtained more than under cotton nonoculture pattern while reduction
Output of cotton.Result of the test shows, peanut/cotton 6:4 strip cropping pattern can be obtained equivalent to nonoculture peanut yield, improved
The fragile single agricultural planting structure in Liao Ci areas, significantly reduce concealment effect of the cotton to peanut, effectively improve peanut light
Can utilization ratio and while photosynthetic efficiency, improve inland varieties in saline-alkali areas land utilization efficiency, land used is increased soil fertility combination, and passes through conjunction
Manage farming and release Severe Reduction obstacle caused by next year peanut continuous cropping.
Peanut pod yield under 2 peanuts of table/cotton difference banding cropping pattern
3rd, conclusion
Using peanut/cotton 6:4 (floor space is than 4.5:5.5) strip cropping pattern, output of cotton are maintained at 121.4
Thousand grams/acre of yield, and 487.7 thousand grams/acre of peanut pod can be increased income, though and remaining peanut/cotton strip cropping pattern is protected
Held output of cotton does not reduce substantially, but the peanut yield range of decrease nearly 50%.Experiment shows the saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton 6 in inland:4 (account for
Ground area is than 4.5:5.5) strip cropping pattern, the i.e. row of sowing cotton 4, the row of 3 ridge of peanut cultivation 6 and its land area are kept
4.5:5.5, it can obtain higher peanut yield while ensuring that this area's output of cotton does not reduce.
The pattern of farming reduces concealment effect of the cotton to peanut, effectively increases peanut optical energy utilization efficiency and photosynthetic
Efficiency, improves inland varieties in saline-alkali areas land utilization efficiency, and land used is increased soil fertility combination, and relieves next year peanut by rational tillage
Severe Reduction obstacle caused by continuous cropping, the fragile single agricultural planting structure in this area is improved, ensures inland saline-alkali soil area cotton
Yield steady simultaneously can expand salt-soda soil peanut cultivation area, add peanut yield, add peasant income.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
Member, on the premise of the inventive method is not departed from, can also make some improvement and supplement, and these are improved and supplement also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the peanut that a kind of salt-soda soil increases income/cotton strip cropping method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(a) site preparation pressure alkali；
(b) timing tillage, site preparation ridging；
(c) base fertilising material；
(d) peanut/cotton planting：Peanut band uses 6 with cotton band:4 strip cropping patterns, i.e. peanut band the sowing row of 3 ridge 6 flower
Raw, cotton band 4 row cottons of sowing, peanut band sequentially arranges successively with cotton band, and floor space ratio is 4.5:5.5.
2. the peanut that salt-soda soil according to claim 1 increases income/cotton strip cropping method, it is characterised in that the step
Suddenly (a) is specifically included：Spring levels land before peanut, cotton planting, carries out river-water irrigation pressure alkali, irrigation quantity 80-100m3/
Mu, makes earth's surface 0-20cm soil layers soil moisture content reach saturation moisture content, makes topsoil soils salinity with water under deep soil leaching
Ooze the purpose for reaching pressure alkali desalination.
3. the peanut that salt-soda soil according to claim 1 increases income/cotton strip cropping method, it is characterised in that the step
Suddenly integrated machine is carried out in (b) when moisture evaporation to soil water content is 70%-80% soil moisture content to plough, be whole
Ground, ridging.
4. the peanut that salt-soda soil according to claim 1 increases income/cotton strip cropping method, it is characterised in that the step
Suddenly every mu of base manure applies N P and K controlled-release compound fertilizer 50-60kg in (c).
5. the peanut that salt-soda soil according to claim 1 increases income/cotton strip cropping method, it is characterised in that the step
Suddenly in (d) peanut and cotton using sowing row duplicate rows plastic mulching cultivation technology, using mechanical ridging, mechanical precision drilling with
The seeding method that covering with ground sheeting is completed in the lump, peanut cultivation density are maintained at ten thousand caves of 1.35-1.55/mu, and cotton planting density is protected
Hold at 5500-6500 plants/acre, timely firming.
6. the peanut that salt-soda soil according to claim 1 increases income/cotton strip cropping method, it is characterised in that the step
Suddenly in (d), 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature it is stable more than 14 DEG C when carry out sowing cotton seed, sowing cotton seed using etc. row is flat plants
Mode, line space 50-55cm, hill spacing 14-15cm.
7. the peanut that salt-soda soil according to claim 1 increases income/cotton strip cropping method, it is characterised in that the step
Suddenly in (d), peanut seeding is carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature stabilization is more than 15 DEG C, peanut seeding uses ridging film-covering planting
Mode, sow the row of 3 ridge 6, ridge face width 80-85cm, the high 15-16cm in ridge face, wide 10-15cm between two ridges, wherein 2 row peanuts on per ridge
Line space be 24-26cm, hill spacing 15-17cm.
8. the peanut that salt-soda soil according to claim 1 increases income/cotton strip cropping method, it is characterised in that cotton band
Spacing between peanut band is 70-75cm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110663491A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | Cultivation method for reducing cotton shading in peanut and cotton strip crop rotation planting mode |
| CN111011146A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-04-17 | 青岛农业大学 | Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN106613221A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land |
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| CN111011146A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-04-17 | 青岛农业大学 | Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil |
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Application publication date: 20180209 |