CN107318426A - One grow cotton in peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot - Google Patents
One grow cotton in peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention provide one grow cotton in peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot, the technical scheme taken is as follows：First Year, cotton, the sowing of the peanut same period, per strip cropping 2 row cotton after the row peanut of strip cropping 4 again, make between sowing cotton seed band and peanut seeding tape alternation；Second Year, cotton, the sowing of the peanut same period, crop rotation on the spot, per strip cropping 4 row peanut after the row cotton of strip cropping 2 again, make between peanut seeding band and sowing cotton seed tape alternation.The present invention configures to adjust growth by the different space of two kinds of crops and sequential, and increase anti-adversity ability, the steady receipts of guarantor's production, to mitigate continuous cropping obstacle, obtain the effect of cotton, peanut pair high yields.
Description
Technical field
Grow cotton the present invention relates to one-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot, belong to cotton, flower
Raw farming technique field.
Background technology
According to the influence of the factors such as agriculture plantation condition, peasant planting custom and social overall situation, China occurs in that in succession
A collection of specialized proportion of crop planting area, especially because can not replace shifting cultivation between geology characteristic, many crops, thus makes
Into long-term continuous cropping, continuous cropping obstacle is formed.Continuous cropping obstacle refers to plant same origin for continuous more than two batches in same piece of land
Or equal crop, under normal cultivation management measure, plant growing way is died down, yield and quality decline show
As.Continuous cropping obstacle often makes plant growth bad, and pest and disease damage occurs seriously, so that cause crop yield to decline, economic benefit reduction.
Cotton, peanut be continuous cropping obstacle than more serious crop, continuous cropping has become restriction cotton, peanut yield and further improved
One of principal element.
Crop interplanting refers to the alternate plantation side for planting two or more breeding time close crop on same field
Formula a, work can not only improve rhizosphere nutrition condition, improve luminous energy and cultivated land utilization efficiency, and to improving yield, improving product
There is good facilitation in matter, increase economic benefit and improvement Ecological Effect Yidu.
Shift of crops refers to shifting cultivation Different Crop or multiple cropping between year sequentially between season in same field
The planting patterns of combination.Crop rotation not only can balanced soil nutrient, regulation soil fertility and preventing and treating disease pest and weed, and break company
Make obstacle, increase economic benefit, improve ecological benefits.
Those skilled in the art have carried out some researchs, research hair to work between cotton and peanut or cotton with peanut crop rotation
It is existing, make between cotton and peanut, can not only promote Yield Increase In Cotton to increase income, and peanut benefit can be increased, Soil Utilization rate is improved, is increased
Plus multiple crop index, the increase effect such as yield per unit area and economic benefit.Cotton and peanut crop rotation, the Trophic Niche of the two can
Heterogeneous complementary without competing, the balanced soil nutrient of energy reduces chemical fertilizer application, maintains cotton, the peanut ecological balance, and then break cotton
Flower, peanut continuous cropping obstacle.It is preceding cotton, two kinds of crops of peanut have been carried out per capita it is single between make or crop rotation research, not
Have and fundamentally solve the problems such as benefit is not high, cotton oil strives ground.
The content of the invention
Grow cotton there is provided one it is an object of the invention to the defect for existing cotton, peanut tillage method-peanut year in
Between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot, make full use of intercropping cotton Dominance in border row, play individual dominance, take into account group
Body, increases peanut seeding density, increases colony, improves land utilization ratio；Utilize the balanced soil nutrient of crop rotation between year border, control disease
Cordyceps sinensis evil occurs, and improves yield.Growth is adjusted eventually through the different space of two kinds of crops and sequential configuration, increases degeneration-resistant energy
Power, the steady receipts of guarantor's production, to mitigate continuous cropping obstacle, obtain the wheel intercropping cultivation technology of cotton, peanut pair high yields, are the big face in production
Product popularization and application provide theoretical foundation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention one grow cotton-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high-yield culturing on the spot
Method, the technical scheme taken is as follows：First Year, cotton, the sowing of the peanut same period, per strip cropping 2 row cotton after again between banding
Make 4 row peanuts, make between sowing cotton seed band and peanut seeding tape alternation；Second Year, cotton, the sowing of the peanut same period, crop rotation on the spot, often
The row cotton of strip cropping 2 again after the row peanut of strip cropping 4, makees between peanut seeding band and sowing cotton seed tape alternation.
Specifically,
First Year：Cotton, peanut same period Mechanization sowing, per strip cropping 2 row cotton after the row peanut of strip cropping 4 again.
Cotton, which is that mechanization is flat, makees 2 rows, and tractor drives the disposable row cotton of mulch sowing 2 of non-Bt cotton type sowing drill, OK
Away from 70 centimetres, 22 centimetres of spacing in the rows, cotton density is 5.35 ten thousand plants/hectare.Peanut is the row of 2 ridge of mechanization ridge culture 4, and tractor drives
The ridge peanut of peanut seeding an animal-drawn seed plough ridging mulch sowing 2,85 centimetres of row spacing, 9 centimetres of hill spacing, per 1 plant of cave, peanut density is 26.16 ten thousand
Strain/hectare.The spacing 50cm of cotton row and peanut ridge.In order to improve land utilization ratio, cotton and peanut alternating mechanical banding
Between make.A width of 170 centimetres of the band of sowing cotton seed band, a width of 170 centimetres of the band of peanut seeding band.2 row cottons and 4 row peanuts alternating
Arrangement, makees between wide cut mechanization, and strictly between limitation cotton, the line-spacing of peanut and spacing in the rows, and cotton row and peanut ridge
Distance (such as Fig. 1).
Second Year：Cotton, peanut same period Mechanization sowing, cotton and peanut crop rotation on the spot, i.e., per the row peanut of strip cropping 4
The row cotton of strip cropping 2 again afterwards.
Peanut is the row of 2 ridge of mechanization ridge culture 4, and tractor drives the ridge peanut of peanut seeding an animal-drawn seed plough ridging mulch sowing 2, row spacing 85
Centimetre, 9 centimetres of hill spacing, per 1 plant of cave, peanut density is 26.16 ten thousand plants/hectare.Cotton, which is that mechanization is flat, makees 2 rows, tractor band
The disposable row cotton of mulch sowing 2 of dynamic non-Bt cotton type sowing drill, 70 centimetres of line-spacing, 22 centimetres of spacing in the rows, cotton density is 5.35 ten thousand
Strain/hectare.The plot current year sowing peanut of First Year sowing cotton, with a width of 170 centimetres；First Year sows the plot of peanut
Current year sowing cotton, with a width of 170 centimetres.4 row peanuts and 2 row cottons are alternately arranged, and make between wide cut mechanization, and fall on the spot
Stubble crop rotation.It is strict to limit the distance between cotton, the line-spacing of peanut and spacing in the rows, and cotton row and peanut ridge (such as Fig. 2).
3rd year：Cotton, peanut same period Mechanization sowing, per strip cropping 2 row cotton after the row peanut of strip cropping 4 again.
The same First Year of cropping pattern (such as Fig. 1).
4th year：Cotton, peanut same period Mechanization sowing, cotton are rotated crops with peanut and sowed, i.e., 4 rows are spent after every strip cropping
The raw row cotton of strip cropping 2 again.The same Second Year of cropping pattern (such as Fig. 2).
So circulation, forms in year and makees between 2 row cottons, 4 row peanuts, cotton, peanut rotation cropping pattern on the spot between year border.
Cotton, peanut growth are adjusted by different spaces and sequential configuration, mutualism breaks continuous cropping obstacle, obtains cotton, flower
The wheel intercropping cultivation technology of raw double high yields, increase economic benefit and improvement ecological benefits.
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) cotton, peanut continuous cropping obstacle are solved.The present invention one grows cotton-peanut year between make between year border that crop rotation is high on the spot
Produce cultural method so that modal height collocation when can make full use of of cotton, peanut, the depth of root system coordinate, it is complementary with it is competing
Theoretical, edge effect theory is striven, growth, the development of cotton and peanut is may advantageously facilitate, further improves yield, quality and plantation
Benefit.Ground, cotton continuous cropping obstacle, peanut Soil-sickness Problem are striven for solving cotton oil, work between the double high yields of cotton, peanut is obtained
Technology, and promote modern agriculture industry significant in terms of developing.
(2) more environmental protection.Compared with conventional single cropping of cotton, peanut, of the invention one grow cotton-peanut year between make year
Crop rotation on the spot between strip cropping in crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot between border, cotton, peanut year, year border；Crop is made full use of to give birth to
For a long time and farmland space come adjust cotton, peanut growth；Ensure cotton, peanut mutualism, obtain high yield.Utilize peanut
The characteristics of itself fixed nitrogen, so that the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of cotton is added, a large amount of uses for reducing inorganic fertilizer urea.And add
The ventilation and penetrating light effect of cotton, mitigates cotton field closing significantly, does not almost have rotten bell, comes off.
(3) comprehensive benefit is notable.According to being tested statistics, single cropping of cotton continuous cropping 3 between 2014-2016 cottons, peanut wheel
Year, cotton occur a large amount of dead seedlings, undergrowth, pest and disease damage take place frequently, serious early ageing the problems such as, the gined cotton underproduction is 8.2%-
14.5%；There is fertility is slow, plant is short and small, number of results is few, all kinds of fruits are again low, yield declines etc. in nonoculture peanut continuous cropping 3 years, peanut
Problem, the peanut pod underproduction is 10.2%-18.4%；About studies have shown that cotton, peanut with the increase of continuous cropping year, its
Yield declines increasingly severe.What the present invention was used one grow cotton-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high-yield culturing side on the spot
Method, cotton and peanut mutualism make full use of different sequential and space configuration, cotton, peanut grow fine, yield compared with
Difference is not notable between height, remarkable in economical benefits, and year border, has thoroughly broken cotton continuous cropping obstacle, peanut continuous cropping obstacle.So fortune
With crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot is made between year border between in one the growing cotton of the present invention-peanut year, comprehensive effect can be significantly improved
Benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that First Year cotton row is alternately arranged schematic diagram with peanut ridge.
Fig. 2 is that Second Year peanut ridge is alternately arranged schematic diagram with cotton row.
In figure, 1 represents cotton, and 2 represent peanut；L1 represents line-spacing between cotton, and L2 represents peanut ridge away from L3 represents cotton row
Distance between peanut ridge, L4 represents the bandwidth of cotton row, and L5 represents the bandwidth of peanut ridge.
Embodiment
Technical scheme and its produced technique effect are done further with reference to specific test method
Illustrate, the description below but is not any limitation as to the present invention merely to explain the present invention in any way, based on present invention teach that
Any conversion or replacement made, belong to protection scope of the present invention.The method of the invention is this unless otherwise specified
Field conventional method.
Embodiment one
In April, 2014 in November, 2016, in Liaocheng of Shandong Province Chiping County Liaocheng City academy of agricultural sciences, science and technology demonstration is carried out
Planting experiment, from the consistent plot of fertility, soil property, daylighting, carries out pilot production in continuous 3 years, field management is big with locality
The field level of production is consistent, and cotton test kind is that cotton strain is merely cotton No. 6, and peanut experiment kind is that peanut varieties are that flower educates 36
Number.
On April 23rd, 2014 is according to 2 row cottons, 4 row peanut strip croppings.A width of 170 centimetres of the band of sowing cotton seed band, flower
A width of 170 centimetres of the band of raw seeding belt.2 row cottons and 4 row peanuts are alternately arranged, and are made between wide cut mechanization, and strictly limit
The distance between cotton, the line-spacing of peanut and spacing in the rows, and cotton row and peanut ridge.
Cotton, which is that mechanization is flat, makees 2 rows, and tractor drives the disposable row cotton of mulch sowing 2 of non-Bt cotton type sowing drill, OK
Away from 70 centimetres, 22 centimetres of spacing in the rows, cotton density is 5.35 ten thousand plants/hectare.
Peanut is the row of 2 ridge of mechanization ridge culture 4, and tractor drives the ridge peanut of peanut seeding an animal-drawn seed plough ridging mulch sowing 2, row spacing 85
Centimetre, 9 centimetres of hill spacing, per 1 plant of cave, peanut density is 26.16 ten thousand plants/hectare.The distance of cotton row and peanut ridge is 50 centimetres.
In order to improve land utilization ratio, cotton and peanut alternating mechanical strip cropping.
On April 20th, 2015 is according to 4 row peanuts, 2 row cotton strip croppings.The plot current year of First Year sowing cotton is broadcast
Cultivate peanut；First Year sows the plot current year sowing cotton of peanut.A width of 170 centimetres of the band of peanut seeding band, sowing cotton seed
A width of 170 centimetres of the band of band.4 row peanuts and 2 row cottons are alternately arranged, and make between wide cut mechanization, and strictly limitation cotton, flower
The distance between raw line-spacing and spacing in the rows, and cotton row and peanut ridge.
Peanut is the row of 2 ridge of mechanization ridge culture 4, and tractor drives the ridge peanut of peanut seeding an animal-drawn seed plough ridging mulch sowing 2, row spacing 85
Centimetre, 9 centimetres of hill spacing, per 1 plant of cave, peanut density is 26.16 ten thousand plants/hectare.In order to improve land utilization ratio, cotton and peanut
Alternating mechanical strip cropping.
Cotton, which is that mechanization is flat, makees 2 rows, and tractor drives the disposable row cotton of mulch sowing 2 of non-Bt cotton type sowing drill, OK
Away from 70 centimetres, 22 centimetres of spacing in the rows, cotton density is 5.35 ten thousand plants/hectare.
On April 25th, 2016, with 2014, according to 2 row cottons, 4 row peanut strip croppings.The band of sowing cotton seed band
A width of 170 centimetres, a width of 170 centimetres of the band of peanut seeding band.2 row cottons and 4 row peanuts are alternately arranged, between wide cut mechanization
The distance between make, and strictly limitation cotton, the line-spacing of peanut and spacing in the rows, and cotton row and peanut ridge.
Cotton, which is that mechanization is flat, makees 2 rows, and tractor drives the disposable row cotton of mulch sowing 2 of non-Bt cotton type sowing drill, cotton
70 centimetres of line-spacing of flower, 22 centimetres of spacing in the rows, cotton density is 5.35 ten thousand plants/hectare.
Peanut is the row of 2 ridge of mechanization ridge culture 4, and tractor drives the ridge peanut of peanut seeding an animal-drawn seed plough ridging mulch sowing 2, row spacing 85
Centimetre, 9 centimetres of hill spacing, per 1 plant of cave, peanut density is 26.16 ten thousand plants/hectare.In order to improve land utilization ratio, cotton and peanut
Alternating mechanical strip cropping.
Production rate：Experiment plot per hectare output gined cotton in 2014 is that 1440Kg, peanut pod are 4517Kg；2015
Per hectare output gined cotton is that 1420Kg, peanut pod are 4511Kg；Per hectare output gined cotton in 2016 is 1430Kg, peanut pod
For 4513Kg.Experiment output benefit is considerable between 3 years, and cotton, the change of production very little of peanut, difference is not notable, has broken continuous cropping
Obstacle.
Comparative example one
In April, 2014 in November, 2016, in Liaocheng of Shandong Province Chiping County Liaocheng City academy of agricultural sciences, science and technology demonstration is carried out
Planting experiment, from the plot consistent with the fertility of embodiment one, soil property, daylighting, cotton test kind is that cotton strain is merely cotton 6
Number, peanut experiment kind is that peanut varieties are that flower educates No. 36.
On April 23rd, 2014 sets cotton nonoculture plot and peanut nonoculture plot, and cotton nonoculture and peanut nonoculture are used
General planting mode single cropping, the cotton of comparative example one and embodiment one, peanut varieties are consistent, the same period is sowed, other fields
Management is consistent with local Production of Large Fields level.
Cotton continuous cropping and peanut continuous cropping are set on April 20th, 2015, and cotton continuous cropping and peanut continuous cropping are using local tradition
Planting patterns single cropping, the cotton of comparative example and embodiment, peanut varieties are consistent, the same period is sowed, other field management with
Local Production of Large Fields level is consistent.
Continue on April 25th, 2016 to set cotton continuous cropping and peanut continuous cropping, cotton continuous cropping and peanut continuous cropping are using locality
Traditional planting patterns single cropping, the cotton of comparative example and embodiment, peanut varieties are consistent, the same period is sowed, other field management
It is consistent with local Production of Large Fields level.
Production rate：It is 1501Kg/ hectares to test plot cotton nonoculture lint yield in 2014, and nonoculture peanut yield is
6037Kg/ hectares；Continuous cropping cotton lint yield in 2015 is 1380Kg/ hectares, and Peanut continuous cropping yield is 5430Kg/ hectares；
Continuous cropping cotton lint yield in 2016 is 1283Kg/ hectares, and Peanut continuous cropping yield is 4950Kg/ hectares.Cotton continuous cropping skin between 3 years
Cotton underproduction amplitude is that 8%-15%, peanut continuous cropping pod underproduction amplitude are 10%-20%, and continuous cropping continuous cropping is to cotton, peanut yield
Influence is larger.
The embodiment 1 of table 1 is contrasted with the condition of production of comparative example 1
Embodiment two
In April, 2014 in November, 2016, planting experiment is carried out in Liaocheng of Shandong Province Guan County, from fertility, soil property, is adopted
The consistent plot of light, cotton test kind is that cotton strain is merely cotton No. 6, and peanut experiment kind is that peanut varieties are that flower educates 36
Number.Concrete operations mode be the same as Example one.
On April 24th, 2014 according to 2 row cottons, 4 row peanut strip croppings, formation is broadcast with a width of 170 centimetres of cotton
Plant band and with a width of 170 centimetres of peanut seeding band, final harvest meter is produced.
On April 21st, 2015 according to 4 row peanuts, 2 row cotton strip croppings, cotton, peanut rotation of crops plantation, i.e., 2014
The Band texture peanut of annual plant cotton, the Band texture cotton of 2014 years plantation peanut, final harvest meter production.
Continue the plantation that rotates crops according to 2 row cottons, 4 row peanut strip croppings, i.e. cotton, peanut on April 26th, 2016, most
Harvest meter production eventually.
Cotton continuous cropping control group and peanut continuous cropping control group, cotton continuous cropping control group are set within continuous 3 years -2016 years 2014
Cotton, the peanut varieties of local traditional planting patterns single cropping, control group and test group are used with peanut continuous cropping control group
Unanimously, the same period is sowed, and other field management are consistent with local Production of Large Fields level.
Production rate：Volume analysis is shown in Table 2,2014 with making between year border crop rotation high yield on the spot between in cotton-peanut year
Cultural method, the more conventional single cropping of cotton of output of cotton, per hectare lint yield reduces 62Kg, but many receipts peanut 4505Kg；It is more single
Make peanut, per hectare peanut yield reduction 1387Kg, but it increases lint yield 1457Kg；Cultivation with the present invention in 2015
Method, with contrasting within 2014, cotton, peanut yield are relatively stable, but the continuous cropping cotton underproduction 8% or so, the Peanut continuous cropping underproduction
10% or so；Cultural method with the present invention in 2016, with contrasting within 2014, cotton, peanut yield are relatively stable, but even
Make the cotton underproduction 15% or so, the Peanut continuous cropping underproduction 19% or so.
Make crop rotation and non-Bt cotton continuous cropping, the contrast of the peanut continuous cropping condition of production on the spot between year border between in 2 cottons of table-peanut year
Claims (6)
1. one grow cotton-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot, it is characterized in that, First Year, cotton, flower
Raw same period sowing, per the row cotton of strip cropping 2 after the row peanut of strip cropping 4 again, between sowing cotton seed band and peanut seeding tape alternation
Make；Second Year, cotton, the sowing of the peanut same period, crop rotation on the spot, per strip cropping 4 row peanut after the row cotton of strip cropping 2, flower again
Make between raw seeding belt and sowing cotton seed tape alternation.
2. cotton as claimed in claim 1-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot, it is characterized in that, the
1 year：Cotton makees 2 rows, 70 centimetres of line-spacing, 22 centimetres of spacing in the rows to be flat；Peanut is the row of 2 ridge of ridge culture 4,85 centimetres of row spacing, 9 lis of hill spacing
Rice, per 1 plant of cave；The spacing 50cm of cotton row and peanut ridge, makees between sowing cotton seed band and peanut seeding tape alternation.
3. cotton as claimed in claim 1-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot, it is characterized in that, the
2 years：The plot current year sowing peanut of First Year sowing cotton, First Year sows the plot current year sowing cotton of peanut；Flower
Raw is the row of 2 ridge of ridge culture 4,85 centimetres of row spacing, 9 centimetres of hill spacing, per 1 plant of cave；Cotton makees 2 rows, the sowing of size row, big row 100 to be flat
Centimetre, small 70 centimetres of row, average row is away from 85 centimetres, 22 centimetres of spacing in the rows；The spacing 50cm of cotton row and peanut ridge, peanut seeding band
Make between sowing cotton seed tape alternation.
4. as described in claim 1-3 is any in cotton-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method, its feature on the spot
It is that cotton density is 5.35 ten thousand plants/hectare.
5. as described in claim 1-3 is any in cotton-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method, its feature on the spot
It is that peanut density is 26.16 ten thousand plants/hectare.
6. as described in claim 1-3 is any in cotton-peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method, its feature on the spot
It is that cotton uses Mechanization sowing with peanut.
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| CN109937808A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-28 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of celery Kidney bean alternating intercropping culture method keeping soil health |
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| CN110235711A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-17 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary |
| NL2025584A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-02-01 | Biotechnology Res Ct Shandong Academy Agricultural Sciences | Annual strip compound efficient planting method for food|vegetable-oil|cotton |
| CN110663491A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | Cultivation method for reducing cotton shading in peanut and cotton strip crop rotation planting mode |
| CN111011146A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-04-17 | 青岛农业大学 | Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil |
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