CN110235711A - A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary - Google Patents

A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110235711A
CN110235711A CN201910624956.1A CN201910624956A CN110235711A CN 110235711 A CN110235711 A CN 110235711A CN 201910624956 A CN201910624956 A CN 201910624956A CN 110235711 A CN110235711 A CN 110235711A
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China
Prior art keywords
cotton
peanut
wheat
working
rotary tillage
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Pending
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CN201910624956.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭峰
万书波
唐朝辉
张佳蕾
孟静静
王建国
么传训
耿耘
杨莎
李新国
孟维伟
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Biotechnology Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Biotechnology Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201910624956.1A priority Critical patent/CN110235711A/en
Publication of CN110235711A publication Critical patent/CN110235711A/en
Priority to NL2025584A priority patent/NL2025584B1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/50Cotton
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

Abstract

The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to a kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary.The present invention is according to wheat ∥ spinach, peanut ∥ cotton height crop complementation feature, the resources such as photo-thermal are made full use of, wheat, cotton ventilation and penetrating light are conducive to, play long-stalked crop edge effect, it realizes two kinds of crops while planting, four kinds of crop anniversary plantations, promote various plant growths.Using grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton seed implant model, cotton and the long-term continuous cropping obstacle of peanut monocrop are alleviated, realizes anniversary crop rotation, it conducive to culture fertility, reduces monocrop and plants pest and disease damage, reduce fertile medicine application, eco-environmental quality is improved, realizes agricultural sustainable development.

Description

A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to a kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting side of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary Method.
Background technique
Continuous cropping obstacle refers to the continuously crop growth caused by same culturing on soil same origin or nearly edge crop It is abnormal.Symptom is generally retarded growth, yield, quality decline, and under extreme case, local dead seedling does not send out seedling or hair seedling not It is prosperous;Brown stain occurs for most aggrieved root systems of plant, branch is reduced, and vigor is low, and distribution is narrow, causes to absorb moisture, nutrient Ability decline.Obstacle is generally obvious with early growth period, and the later period can often restore to some extent.Continuous cropping obstacle is between plant section belongs to There are significant difference, the crop of Yi Fasheng continuous cropping obstacle concentrates on Solanaceae, pulse family, Cruciferae, Curcurbitaceae and rosaceae, and A variety of grass family cereal crops such as wheat, rice and corn, continuous cropping obstacle is unobvious.Reason that there are many generations of continuous cropping obstacle, It is consumed excessively including nutrient, soil physico-chemical property deteriorates, pest and disease damage increases and the accumulation of noxious material (including allelochemical etc.) Deng.Its generation is influenced by various environmental conditions, and (general continuous cropping number is more, and the time limit is longer, continuous cropping obstacle for the number of continuous cropping It is heavier), Ji Houzuo water and fertilizer management is improper all can for soil property (usual clay overweights sand, and Protectorate cultivation is more than outdoor cropping) Aggravate obstacle.
Cotton, peanut are the crops for avoiding continuous cropping, under the main problem that continuous cropping occurs enters:
(1) pest and disease damage aggravates.According to the incomplete statistics of the agrotechnical department in Lijin County, 3.33 ten thousand hm of whole county plantation2In cotton, continuous cropping Multiple cropping area is 80% or more, and most of plot continuous continuous cropping 3 years or more.In cotton region, continuous cropping continuous cropping phenomenon is more universal, Continuous cropping multiple cropping causes blight occurring area to increase, and especially cotton wilt, the Huang occurring area that withers have growth in seedling stage Gesture.The peanut oil crops important as China, continuous cropping area account for larger proportion, show according to investigations, and Shandong Province's peanut connects It tills land and accounts for 20% or more, the big county of part producing reaches 40% or more, directly results in Peanut continuous cropping leaf spot and insect pest aggravates.
(2) early ageing aggravates.Due to the continuous cropping of many years, pest and disease damage is aggravated and unreasonable apply fertilizer makes the soil of cotton field and Peanut Fields Nutrient is uneven, and early ageing has the tendency that exacerbation in advance, has large effect, continuous cropping 2-3 annual to the yield of cotton and peanut 20 or more the underproduction, certain time limit is interior, and as the continuous cropping time limit increases, underproduction amplitude increases therewith, reaches 50% or more, individual plot connect Nearly total crop failure.
(3) ecological environment is influenced.Since continuous cropping brings many problems, peasant does not stint to increase yield and increases pesticide The usage amount of chemical fertilizer to alleviate Soil-sickness Problem, however input and output and ecological environment and mismatches, especially to ecology Environment brings very big influence.It polluted soil and water resource, cause soil hardening, destroy soil texture;Simultaneously also to having The biology of benefit generates toxic action, generates adverse effect to the ecological balance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention according to the Yellow River and Huai He River cotton and the continuous cropping of peanut producing region there are the problem of, provide a kind of grain-dish-cotton-oil anniversary Band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method is conducive to wheat, cotton ventilation and penetrating light, plays long-stalked crop edge effect, solves cotton and flower The problems such as growth period continuous cropping obstacle.
A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary, comprising the following steps:
(1) it is divided into two equal broadbands, rotary tillage soil-working, early or mid October equiband sows spinach and wheat;
(2) spinach, rotary tillage soil-working, mid or late April sowing cotton are harvested at the beginning of second year late March to 4 months;
(3) after early June small wheat harvest, rotary tillage soil-working sows Peanut when robbing;
(4) early or mid October cotton sows wheat after receiving;After peanut is received, rotary tillage soil-working sows spinach;
(5) after third year late March to spinach harvest at the beginning of 4 months;Rotary tillage soil-working, mid or late April sowing cotton;
(6) after early June harvesting wheat, rotary tillage soil-working plants Peanut when robbing;
(7) wheat is sowed after early or mid October cotton is received, peanut sows spinach after receiving;
(8) in cycles, grain-dish-band-like skill of compound and high effect planting of cotton-oil is realized.
1500-2000 kgs/acre of high-quality organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer (15-15- are spread fertilizer over the fields before described step (1) rotary tillage soil-working 15) 50 kgs/acre, 20 kgs/acre of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
40 kgs/acre of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is spread fertilizer over the fields before described step (2) rotary tillage soil-working.
50 kgs/acre of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is spread fertilizer over the fields before described step (3) rotary tillage soil-working.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, for convenience of mechanized operation, 4 row of cotton planting, the plantation of size row, center row away from 76cm, 70 centimetres of both sides line-spacing, spacing in the rows 20cm;6 row of peanut (3 ridge), row spacing 85cm, the high 10cm in ridge, 2 row of a ridge, 30 centimetres of small line-spacing, Hill spacing 15cm, 2, every cave;Cotton and peanut line-spacing 47cm;The line-spacings such as wheat sow 12 rows, line-spacing 18-20cm;Spinach is broadcasted sowing.
The present invention makes full use of the resources such as photo-thermal, is conducive to according to wheat ∥ spinach, peanut ∥ cotton height crop complementation feature Wheat, cotton ventilation and penetrating light play long-stalked crop edge effect, realize two kinds of crops while planting, four kinds of crop anniversary plantations, Promote various plant growths.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
(1) agricultural sustainable development is realized
Using grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton seed implant model, cotton and the long-term continuous cropping obstacle of peanut monocrop are alleviated, realizes anniversary crop rotation It changes crops, is conducive to culture fertility, reduce monocrop and plant pest and disease damage, reduce fertile medicine application, improve eco-environmental quality, it is real Existing agricultural sustainable development.
(2) guarantee yield
Using grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton seed implant model, change Wheat Maize single cropping structure, caused by solving single cropping mode It the problem of soil hardening, soil fertility decline, soil productivity decline, realizes anniversary crop rotation, is conducive to culture fertility, increases ecology Diversity and agricultural sustainable development;Using grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton seed implant model, with realizing kind combination of increasing soil fertility is raised the multiple-cropping index And Land Equivalent Ratio, dramatically increase system throughput and benefit.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Autumn in 2012 starts to start experimental cultivation in the Shandong Gaotang County beam villages and small towns village Jiang Zhuan, and 5 mu of area.
(1) 5.1 meters of bandwidth, are divided into 2.55 meters two equal broadbands, and early or mid October equiband sows spinach and wheat, rotary tillage 1500-2000 kgs/acre of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kgs/acre of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 20 public affairs of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields before site preparation Pound/acre.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, for convenience of mechanized operation, the line-spacings such as wheat sow 12 rows, line-spacing 18-20cm.Spinach is spread It broadcasts.
(2) spinach, mid or late April sowing cotton are harvested at the beginning of second year late March to 4 months, are spread fertilizer over the fields before rotary tillage soil-working compound 40 kgs/acre of fertile (15-15-15);Peanut is sowed when robbing after early June small wheat harvest, and compound fertilizer (15- is spread fertilizer over the fields before rotary tillage soil-working 15-15) 50 kgs/acre.Early or mid October cotton sows wheat after receiving, peanut sows spinach after receiving.
In above-mentioned implantation methods, for convenience of mechanized operation, the cotton planting mode are as follows: 4 rows, the plantation of size row, Center row is away from 76cm, and 70 centimetres of both sides line-spacing, spacing in the rows 20cm;6 row of peanut (3 ridge), row spacing 85cm, the high 10cm in ridge, one 2 row of ridge, 30 centimetres of small line-spacing, hill spacing 15cm, 2, every cave;Cotton and peanut line-spacing 47cm.
(3) after third year late March to spinach harvest at the beginning of 4 months, mid or late April sowing cotton, after early June harvesting wheat Peanut is planted when robbing, early or mid October cotton sows wheat after receiving, peanut sows spinach after receiving.
Crop row is away from the same as (1), (2).
(4) in cycles, grain-dish-band-like skill of compound and high effect planting of cotton-oil is realized.
Crop rotation wheat, cotton and peanut total yield are higher than with area nonoculture yield between implementation, and wherein wheat increase yield 7%, cotton increase 7.9% is produced, the peanut underproduction 8.3%, crop rotation is conducive to long-stalked crop ventilation and penetrating light, plays Dominance in border row between showing the anniversary, and yield mentions It is high obvious, there is certain shade to influence peanut side row.From the point of view of pest and disease damage occurrence degree, crop rotation wheat, cotton between the anniversary Total sick leaf rate is substantially less than nonoculture, especially wheat with peanut and cotton is the most obvious;The insect density anniversary of three kinds of crops Between crop rotation to be lower than nonoculture, wheat and cotton are also the most significant, and overall effect is better than nonoculture.
The yield of the crop of a kind of embodiment plant, sick leaf rate, insect density are listed as follows:
The yield result analysis of the crop of a kind of 1 embodiment of table plant
The sick leaf rate interpretation of result of the crop of a kind of 2 embodiment of table plant
The insect density interpretation of result of the crop of a kind of 3 embodiment of table plant
Embodiment 2
Ibid, it is further verification the verifying results, has also carried out test kind in the Shandong Gaotang County beam villages and small towns village Xi Jiangtang simultaneously within 2012 It plants, 4 mu of ground of area.
Crop rotation wheat, cotton and peanut total yield are also above coplanar long-pending nonoculture yield between implementation, and wherein wheat and cotton increase Produce significant, the peanut summary underproduction.From the point of view of pest and disease damage occurrence degree, the total sick leaf rate of crop rotation wheat, cotton and peanut is aobvious between the anniversary It writes and is lower than nonoculture, wheat and cotton are also the most obvious;Between the insect density anniversary of three kinds of crops crop rotation will be lower than nonoculture, wheat and Cotton is also the most significant.Crop rotation is conducive to long-stalked crop ventilation and penetrating light, plays Dominance in border row between showing the anniversary, and output increased is bright It is aobvious.
The yield of the crop of 2 kinds of embodiment plants, sick leaf rate, insect density are listed as follows:
The yield result analysis of the crop of 2 kinds of 4 embodiment of table plants
The sick leaf rate interpretation of result of the crop of 2 kinds of 5 embodiment of table plants
The insect density interpretation of result of the crop of 2 kinds of 6 embodiment of table plants

Claims (5)

1. a kind of grain ∥ dish-the oil ∥ cotton anniversary band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it is divided into two equal broadbands, rotary tillage soil-working, early or mid October equiband sows spinach and wheat;
(2) spinach, rotary tillage soil-working, mid or late April sowing cotton are harvested at the beginning of second year late March to 4 months;
(3) after early June small wheat harvest, rotary tillage soil-working sows Peanut when robbing;
(4) early or mid October cotton sows wheat after receiving;After peanut is received, rotary tillage soil-working sows spinach;
(5) after third year late March to spinach harvest at the beginning of 4 months;Rotary tillage soil-working, mid or late April sowing cotton;
(6) after early June harvesting wheat, rotary tillage soil-working plants Peanut when robbing;
(7) wheat is sowed after early or mid October cotton is received, peanut sows spinach after receiving;
(8) in cycles, grain-dish-band-like skill of compound and high effect planting of cotton-oil is realized.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that spread fertilizer over the fields before described step (1) rotary tillage soil-working high-quality 1500-2000 kgs/acre of organic fertilizer, 50 kgs/acre of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 20 kgs/acre of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
3. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that spread fertilizer over the fields before described step (2) rotary tillage soil-working compound 40 kgs/acre of fertile (15-15-15).
4. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that spread fertilizer over the fields before described step (3) rotary tillage soil-working compound 50 kgs/acre of fertile (15-15-15).
5. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that for convenience of mechanized operation, 4 row of cotton planting, greatly The plantation of small row, center row is away from 76cm, and 70 centimetres of both sides line-spacing, spacing in the rows 20cm;6 row of peanut (3 ridge), row spacing 85cm, the high 10cm in ridge, One ridge, 2 row, 30 centimetres of small line-spacing, hill spacing 15cm, 2, every cave;Cotton and peanut line-spacing 47cm;The line-spacings such as wheat sow 12 rows, Line-spacing 18-20cm;Spinach is broadcasted sowing.
CN201910624956.1A 2019-07-11 2019-07-11 A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary Pending CN110235711A (en)

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NL2025584A NL2025584B1 (en) 2019-07-11 2020-05-14 Annual strip compound efficient planting method for food|vegetable-oil|cotton

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CN111567336A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-08-25 安徽科技学院 Planting method for interplanting various crops in wheat field
CN113229093A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-08-10 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所(河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所) Planting mode for wide-band crop rotation of cotton-grain-green manure crops

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111567336A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-08-25 安徽科技学院 Planting method for interplanting various crops in wheat field
CN113229093A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-08-10 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所(河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所) Planting mode for wide-band crop rotation of cotton-grain-green manure crops

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Application publication date: 20190917