CN106613221A - Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land - Google Patents

Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106613221A
CN106613221A CN201611177751.6A CN201611177751A CN106613221A CN 106613221 A CN106613221 A CN 106613221A CN 201611177751 A CN201611177751 A CN 201611177751A CN 106613221 A CN106613221 A CN 106613221A
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China
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cotton
peanut
saline
planting
intercropping
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CN201611177751.6A
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Inventor
张智猛
戴良香
慈敦伟
丁红
秦斐斐
杨吉顺
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Priority to CN201611177751.6A priority Critical patent/CN106613221A/en
Priority to CN202210350765.2A priority patent/CN114568238A/en
Publication of CN106613221A publication Critical patent/CN106613221A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/50Cotton
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of peanut planting and cultivation in saline and alkaline land, in particular to a cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land. The method comprises the following steps that (a) land preparation and salt content restraining are performed; (b) timely ploughing and land preparation are performed; (c) fertilization is performed; (d) timely sowing is performed, wherein 4:2 equal-amplitude cottonseed intercropping mode is adopted for peanuts and cotton, and the floor area is kept to 1:1; (e) film covering is performed, wherein a convention planting and film covering planting mode is adopted. The yield level of cotton monoculture in a conventional mode is kept by adopting the equal-amplitude cottonseed intercropping mode, the peanut yield of 109-159 kg/mu is increased compared with monoculture peanuts (the yield is 170.5 kg/mu) in moderate-severe saline and alkaline land, the peanut yields of 50.76 kg/mu and 31.23 kg/mu are increased by adopting the 4:2 equal-amplitude cottonseed intercropping mode of peanuts/cotton compared with the yields obtained by adopting the proportions of 2:1 and 6:3, the anti-risk capability of an agricultural planting structure in the saline and alkaline land is improved, and the dual high peanut/cotton yields in the moderate or severe saline and alkaline land are achieved.

Description

A kind of cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yields of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton
Technical field
The present invention relates to the growing and cultivation technical field of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root, specifically, is related to a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton Spend the cotton oil intercropping plant method of double high yields.
Background technology
China saline-alkali soil area about 1.0 × 107hm2, the 2.1% of territory total area is accounted for, the 6.2% of cultivated area is accounted for, at present Still have 80% or so to be not yet obtained by, the salinization of soil seriously constrains grain-production and agricultural sustainable development.
Peanut is important oil crops and industrial crops, and peanut oil is one of main source of vegetable oil, and peanut is in Critical role is occupied in state's agricultural development and foreign exchange earning.According to this toward statistics and research, China's peanut area is on 80,000,000 mu of left sides The right side, wherein 80% is distributed on poor rainfed land, almost without peanut cultivation on salt-soda soil.Its main cause, one is due to peanut itself Salt resistance ability is relatively low, salt tolerant crop is not belonging to, more without the kind with stronger salt tolerance;Two is that saline-alkali soil area is more to plant salt tolerant Based on alkali crop cotton, agricultural planting structure is single and more fragile, in addition during cotton expense of labour, and its cost increase in recent years, Price, Benefit Drops;3rd, saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root is sporadicly planted, and its cultivated area is less, and planting technology is immature, and salt damage is caused The disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling project, yield is very low, inferior quality.Therefore, cause that salt-soda soil peanut production area is little, technology is low, produce Amount is unstable, and economic benefit, Social Ecology and ecological benefits are relatively low, and peanut is good in economic efficiency and manages light letter, if improving Peanut improves its yield in the planting technology in salt-soda soil, for improving pattern of farming, increases farmers' income and ensures edible oil Fat is respectively provided with safely important meaning.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of cotton of the double high yields of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton Oily intercropping plant method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is adopted the technical scheme that:
A kind of cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yields of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton, comprises the following steps:
A () site preparation presses salt;
(b) timing tillage, site preparation;
C () is applied fertilizer;
D () is begun sowing in good time:Peanut adopts 4 with cotton:Make between 2 constant amplitude cotton oil intercropping systems, i.e. 4 row peanuts and 2 row cottons, Floor space keeps 1:1;
(e) overlay film:Make film-covering planting mode using flat.
The step (a) specifically includes:Level land before peanut cultivation, repair ridge ditch, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, pour water 120~160m of amount3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1~2cm water layers 1~2 day, and soil moisture content reaches saturation moisture content, makes topsoil soils Salinity oozes the purpose for reaching pressure salt desalination with water under deep soil leaching.
Ploughed when the soil moisture content that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 70%~80% in the step (b) Turn over, site preparation.
Farm manure 2-3 tons, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50kg, borax 0.5-1.5kg, sulphur per mu are applied in the step (c) Sour zinc 0.5-1.5kg.
The step (d) specifically includes:Sowing cotton seed, cotton are carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 14 DEG C Sow and planting patterns is made using the flat of a ridge duplicate rows, line space keeps 70~75cm, 14~16cm of hill spacing, row between cotton and peanut Away from holding 29-31cm;Peanut seeding is carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 15 DEG C, peanut seeding is also using flat work Mode, 4 rows of sowing, wherein the line space of 2 row peanuts keeps 24-26cm, 13~15cm of hill spacing.
Using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique, timely firming, the overlay film for keeping overlay film tight and higher in the step (e) Quality.
The seeding method that peanut and cotton are completed in the lump using essence amount mechanical planting and covering with ground sheeting, with save it is artificial into Originally, seed consumption is reduced.
Peanut cultivation density is maintained at 1.75~2.0 ten thousand caves/mu, and cotton planting density is maintained at 5500~6500 plants/acre.
Compared with prior art, the constant amplitude cotton oil intercropping plant mode that the present invention is adopted maintains cotton list under usual manner The yield level of work, and heavy salinized ground nonoculture peanut (170.5 thousand grams/acre of yield) compares and increases income peanut 109-159 thousand with Gram/acre, peanut/cotton 4:Make (i.e. make between the row peanut of 2 ridge 4 and the row cotton of 1 ridge 2) planting patterns between 2 constant amplitude cotton oils compared with peanut/cotton Spend 2:1 and 6:3 constant amplitude cotton oil intercropping plant modes increase income peanut 50.76 and 31.23 thousand grams/acre, improve salt-soda soil agricultural and plant The ability to ward off risks of structure is planted, moderate or the double high yields of heavy salinized tibet milkwort root/cotton is realized.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment that the present invention is provided is elaborated below.
Embodiment 1
1 materials and methods
Field plot trial is set, and 0-20cm soil layers soil salt content 0.308% arranges peanut/cotton difference ridge in the ranks Make to put down and make overlay film, be repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Peanut/cotton 2:1 constant amplitude intercropping plant mode:
(1) spring site preparation pressure salt
Before peanut cultivation, prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, 120~160m of irrigation quantity are carried out3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1 ~2cm water layers 2 days or so, soil moisture content reaches saturation moisture content, topsoil soils salinity is oozed under deep soil leaching with water Reach the purpose of pressure salt desalination;
(2) timing tillage, site preparation:After pressure of pouring water salt, the soil that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 70%~80% is treated Ploughed during earth soil moisture content, site preparation;
(3) apply fertilizer:Applying organic manure, per mu applies farm manure 2-3 tons or so.Meanwhile, rational use of chemical fertilizer, every mu of base is applied Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50kg, borax 0.5kg, zinc sulfate 0.5kg;
(4) begin sowing in good time:First, sowing cotton seed, sowing cotton seed are carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 14 DEG C Flat using a line makees planting patterns, 15~16cm of hill spacing.Peanut is carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 15 DEG C to broadcast Kind, peanut seeding also makees mode using flat, sows 2 rows, and the wherein line space of peanut keeps 30cm, 13~14cm of hill spacing, cotton Line-spacing also keeps making (referred to as 2 between 30cm, i.e. 2 row peanuts and 1 row cotton between row and peanut:1 constant amplitude) peanut/cotton between make Planting patterns, floor space keeps 1:1, peanut cultivation density is maintained at 1.45~1.65 ten thousand caves/mu, and cotton planting density keeps At 4600~4900 plants/acre;
(5) overlay film:The flat planting patterns for making overlay film;
(6) in time seedling is put in punching:Seedling is put when peanut cotylcdon launches to be punched in time when color is green by xanthochromia, putting after seedling will block up Sternly, put seedling to work preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
Embodiment 2
1 materials and methods
Field plot trial is set, and 0-20cm soil layers soil salt content 0.308% arranges peanut/cotton difference ridge in the ranks Make to put down and make overlay film, be repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Peanut/cotton 4:2 constant amplitude intercropping plant modes:
(1) spring site preparation pressure salt
Before peanut cultivation, prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, 120~160m of irrigation quantity are carried out3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1 ~2cm water layers 2 days or so, soil moisture content reaches saturation moisture content, topsoil soils salinity is oozed under deep soil leaching with water Reach the purpose of pressure salt desalination;
(2) timing tillage, site preparation:After pressure of pouring water salt, the soil that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 70%~80% is treated Ploughed during earth soil moisture content, site preparation;
(3) apply fertilizer:Applying organic manure, per mu applies farm manure 2-3 tons or so.Meanwhile, rational use of chemical fertilizer, every mu of base is applied Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50kg, borax 0.5kg, zinc sulfate 0.5kg;
(4) begin sowing in good time:First, sowing cotton seed, sowing cotton seed are carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 14 DEG C Flat using 2 rows makees planting patterns, line-spacing 70-75cm, 14~16cm of hill spacing, and line-spacing keeps 30cm between cotton and peanut, works as 0- 5cm soil layers ground temperature carries out peanut seeding when stablizing more than 15 DEG C, peanut seeding also makees mode, 4 rows sowed, wherein 2 using flat The line space of row peanut keeps 25cm, the furrow width of 13~15cm of hill spacing, cotton and peanut to be held in 100-105cm, i.e. peanut 4 are adopted with cotton intercropping system:2 constant amplitudes oil cotton intercropping system, floor space keeps 1:1, peanut cultivation density is maintained at 1.75 ~2.0 ten thousand caves/mu, cotton planting density is maintained at 5500~6000 plants/acre;
(5) overlay film:The flat planting patterns for making overlay film;
(6) in time seedling is put in punching:Seedling is put when peanut cotylcdon launches to be punched in time when color is green by xanthochromia, putting after seedling will block up Sternly, put seedling to work preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
Embodiment 3
1 materials and methods
Field plot trial is set, and 0-20cm soil layers soil salt content 0.308% arranges peanut/cotton difference ridge in the ranks Make to put down and make overlay film, be repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Peanut/cotton 6:3 constant amplitude intercropping plant modes:
(1) spring site preparation pressure salt
Before peanut cultivation, prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, 120~160m of irrigation quantity are carried out3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1 ~2cm water layers 2 days or so, soil moisture content reaches saturation moisture content, topsoil soils salinity is oozed under deep soil leaching with water Reach the purpose of pressure salt desalination;
(2) timing tillage, site preparation:After pressure of pouring water salt, the soil that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 70%~80% is treated Ploughed during earth soil moisture content, site preparation;
(3) apply fertilizer:Applying organic manure, per mu applies farm manure 2-3 tons or so.Meanwhile, rational use of chemical fertilizer, every mu of base is applied Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50kg, borax 0.5kg, zinc sulfate 0.5kg;
(4) begin sowing in good time:First, sowing cotton seed, sowing cotton seed are carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 14 DEG C Flat using 3 rows makees planting patterns, line-spacing 75-77cm, 15~16cm of hill spacing.When 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 15 DEG C Shi Jinhang peanut seedings, peanut seeding also makees mode using flat, sows 6 rows, and the wherein line space of peanut keeps 25cm, hill spacing 16 ~18cm, in the ranks line-spacing also keeps making (referred to as 6 between 30cm, i.e. 6 row peanuts and 3 row cottons cotton row with peanut:3 constant amplitudes) Peanut/cotton constant amplitude intercropping plant mode, floor space keeps 1:1, peanut cultivation density be maintained at 1.45~1.65 ten thousand caves/ Mu, cotton planting density is maintained at 4600~4900 plants/acre;
(5) overlay film:The flat planting patterns for making overlay film;
(6) in time seedling is put in punching:Seedling is put when peanut cotylcdon launches to be punched in time when color is green by xanthochromia, putting after seedling will block up Sternly, put seedling to work preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
2 results and analysis
Impact of the 2.1 different intercropping systems to output of cotton
Table 1 shows that make between the cotton oil of salt-soda soil using under the planting patterns made between peanut/cotton constant amplitude, output of cotton keeps It is close with the conventional flat yield for making cotton at 157.2~188.5 thousand grams/acre, it is seen that the reasonable intercropping system of peanut/cotton can be protected Hold acquisition higher peanut yield while alkaline land cotton yield is not reduced.Result of the test shows, peanut/cotton 4:2 and 6:3 Two kinds of constant amplitude intercropping plant modes are than peanut/cotton 2:Output of cotton under 1 planting patterns is respectively increased 19.9% and 12.5%, Peanut/cotton 4:2 constant amplitude intercropping plant mode is compared with 6:3 and 2:1 two kinds of constant amplitude intercropping plant mode output of cottons are improved.
Output of cotton under the different intercropping systems of table 1
Impact of the 2.2 different intercropping systems to peanut yield
Table 2 shows, under making using the planting patterns made between peanut/cotton constant amplitude between the cotton oil of salt-soda soil, with conventional putting down cotton is made Colored yield is close, it is seen that it is same that saline-alkali soil area peanut/reasonable intercropping system of cotton can keep that alkaline land cotton yield do not reduce When can improve peanut yield.Result of the test shows, peanut/cotton 4:2 and 6:3 two kinds of constant amplitude intercropping plant modes are than peanut/cotton Spend 2:Peanut yield under 1 planting patterns increases production respectively 18.2% and 7.0%, peanut/cotton 6:3 and 2:Make between 1 two kinds of constant amplitudes Planting patterns is compared with peanut/cotton 4:Peanut yield is reduced under 2 planting patterns.
Peanut yield under the different intercropping systems of table 2
3 results
To ensure the steady of saline-alkali soil area output of cotton, using the planting patterns made between peanut/cotton, cotton product is being guaranteed Amount can obtain higher peanut yield while reduction.Using peanut/cotton 4:The planting patterns made between 2 constant amplitudes, cotton produces Amount is maintained at 188.5 thousand grams/acre of yield, and peanut/cotton 2:1 and 6:Peanut yield under 3 two kinds of planting patterns compared with peanut/ Cotton 4:The planting patterns made between 2 constant amplitudes reduces respectively 15.4% and 9.5%, i.e. peanut/cotton 4:The plantation side made between 2 constant amplitudes Formula peanut yield significantly improves (P>0.05).Show to make between saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton using it is flat make, 4:The intercropping plant of 2 constant amplitudes Mode, the i.e. row of sowing cotton 2, the row of peanut cultivation 4 and its land area holding 1:1, can be obvious while output of cotton is ensured Improve peanut yield.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art Member, on the premise of without departing from the inventive method, can also make some improvement and supplement, and these are improved and supplement also should be regarded as Protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yield of a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A () site preparation presses salt;
(b) timing tillage, site preparation;
C () is applied fertilizer;
D () is begun sowing in good time:Peanut adopts 4 with cotton:Make between 2 constant amplitude cotton oil intercropping systems, i.e. 4 row peanuts and 2 row cottons, take up an area Area keeps 1:1;
(e) overlay film:Make film-covering planting mode using flat.
2. the cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yield of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The step (a) specifically includes:Level land before peanut cultivation, repair ridge ditch, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 120~ 160m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1~2cm water layers 1~2 day.
3. the cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yield of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Ploughed when the soil moisture content that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 70%~80% in the step (b), site preparation.
4. the cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yield of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Farm manure 2-3 tons, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50kg, borax 0.5-1.5kg, zinc sulfate 0.5- per mu are applied in the step (c) 1.5kg。
5. the cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yield of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The step (d) specifically includes:Sowing cotton seed is carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 14 DEG C, sowing cotton seed is adopted The flat of one ridge duplicate rows makees planting patterns, and line space keeps 70~75cm, 14~16cm of hill spacing, and line-spacing keeps between cotton and peanut 29-31cm;Peanut seeding is carried out when 0-5cm soil layers ground temperature is stablized more than 15 DEG C, peanut seeding is also made mode, is broadcast using flat 4 rows are planted, wherein the line space of 2 row peanuts keeps 24-26cm, 13~15cm of hill spacing.
6. the cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yield of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique in the step (e).
7. the cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yields of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton according to claim 5 or 6, its feature exists In the seeding method that peanut and cotton are completed in the lump using essence amount mechanical planting with covering with ground sheeting.
8. the cotton oil intercropping plant method of the double high yield of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root/cotton according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Peanut cultivation density is maintained at 1.75~2.0 ten thousand caves/mu, and cotton planting density is maintained at 5500~6500 plants/acre.
CN201611177751.6A 2016-12-19 2016-12-19 Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land Pending CN106613221A (en)

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CN107231918A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-10-10 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 A kind of ecological production method of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta Chinese medicine
CN107135801A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-09-08 山东省花生研究所 It is a kind of to prevent the implantation methods of Spring Peanut continuous cropping obstacle
CN107242007A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-10-13 聊城市农业科学研究院 One grows cotton the light simplified cultivation method of peanut strip cropping
CN107318426A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-11-07 聊城市农业科学研究院 One grow cotton in peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot
CN107371733A (en) * 2017-08-22 2017-11-24 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Make crop rotation high-efficient planting patterns between a kind of mild or moderate sulfate alkaline land cotton peanut
CN107509514A (en) * 2017-09-05 2017-12-26 山东棉花研究中心 A kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut
CN107667790A (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-02-09 山东省花生研究所 The peanut that salt-soda soil increases income/cotton strip cropping method
CN107567747A (en) * 2017-11-01 2018-01-12 山东棉花研究中心 A kind of method of cotton, sorghum and green manure crop miscegenation improvement salt-soda soil
CN107567747B (en) * 2017-11-01 2019-12-20 山东棉花研究中心 Method for improving saline-alkali soil by mixed planting of cotton, sorghum and green manure crops
CN107980268A (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-05-04 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 It is a kind of to utilize the method for making recovery degeneration saline-alkali wetland between Chinese tamarisk and Suaeda heteroptera
CN108782049A (en) * 2018-06-21 2018-11-13 宁夏绿峰源农业科技有限公司 Make high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa and sunflower
CN110235711A (en) * 2019-07-11 2019-09-17 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary
CN111011146A (en) * 2019-11-06 2020-04-17 青岛农业大学 Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil

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Application publication date: 20170510