CN105557444A - Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in a plateau area, and belongs to the field of agricultural planting technologies. The method including the steps of soil preparation, seedling selection, grafting and interplanting is adopted in cooperation with the soybean interplanting technology, and thus large-scale planting is achieved in the specific soil environment of the plateau area under specific climatic conditions of the plateau area. Apple tree roots are grafted with hawthorn wood and Chinese flowering crabapple roots, 130 plants are planted per mu by adopting the planting method that the line spacing is 2 m and the row spacing is 1.5 m, and high-quality soybeans are planted between the lines in the first year. The selenium content of apples is increased, the nitrogen fixing capacity of soil is kept, and mature leguminous plants can be recycled and can also be used as fertilizer.

Description

The intensive intercropping plant method of apple is downgraded in a kind of highlands

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, particularly relate to and downgrade the intensive alternate planting technology of apple.

Background technology

Unity township is positioned at the west and south of China, and in the middle part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, arch Wang Shan horse-hair ridge is the domestic peak in Kunming, and height above sea level is 4247.7 meters, and average temperature of the whole year 14.9 DEG C, mean annual precipitation is about 1000.5mm, and rainfall mainly concentrates on for 5 ~ September.Rainy season is done clearly by this area, and annual range of temperature is little, and temperature difference per day is large, and show the moistening monsoon climate in obvious subtropics half, the apple of this ecological region planting has sweetie, feature with rich flavor.

Apple tree Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing utilizes Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees to make tree low body, strengthens the planting density of fruit tree in unit are, plant trees more, improves the cultivation method of the output of apple tree unit are.

Planting process adopts twice graft technology: Chinese hawthorn wood and Malus spectabilis root graft for the first time, cherry-apple tree growth is fast, well developed root system, fibrous root is many, absorbs rich water ability strong, fast growth, apple belongs to Malus spectabilis section together, so grafting affinity is strong, wound healing is fast, graft survival rate is high, all soil cultivations suitable; Second time grafting is apple nursery stock and the grafting of hawthorn mu, in order to improve apple mouthfeel.

Between plant soybean: soybean plant strain Se content is early stage higher than late growth stage in fertility.Plant Se content mainly affects by Selenium in Soil level, and Differences is not obvious.Under low selenium level Selenium in Soil to absorb degree higher, and the Selenium in Soil that under high selenium level, plant absorbs is higher to the extent of migration of reproductive organs.Therefore, Selenium in Soil is the interactional result of soil-crop for the biological effectiveness of soybean and plant selenium level.

Dwarfing apple cultivation process among soybean, apple Se content can be improved, also have great role to improvement soil.

Between plant the physicochemical property that soybean can improve soil, promote growth of seedling; Can soil pH value be improved, and effectively improve the content of the soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium; Meanwhile, effectively can utilize soil, increase economic efficiency, be a kind of intercropping management mode preferably.

Planting process imposes microbial-bacterial fertilizer, in order to improve soil aggregate, strengthens the physical property of soil and reduces the loss of soil particle, under certain conditions, can also participate in humus and be formed, improve soil physical property, increase soil fertility.

Downgrading apple seedling grafting plantation by implementing highlands, coordinating between soybean simultaneously and planting technology, in the specific weather conditions in highlands and soil environment, realizing contiguous plant.Trees ' root and Chinese hawthorn wood and Malus spectabilis root graft, adopt line-spacing 2 meters, the planting method that spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters, every mu of 130 strains of planting, implement to downgrade apple dense planting planting technology, realize bearing fruit for 2 years, strong dwarfing apple tree, single plant yield keeps 5 kilograms of output, and fruit size, painted serviceability rate reach 90%.

First Year often plants high quality soybean in the ranks, improves apple Se content, and keeps soil nitrogen fixing capacity, and ripe leguminous plant recycles, and also can be used as Fertilizer application; Plant annual traditional Chinese medicine between Second Year, reclaim up-front investment fast.

Summary of the invention

It is single that the present invention overcomes traditional planting technology kind, the feature that taste is flat, invent a kind of highlands and downgrade the alternate planting technology of apple, apple seedling grafting plantation is downgraded by implementing highlands, coordinate between soybean simultaneously and plant technology, in the specific weather conditions in highlands and soil environment, the fruit that rich selenium, mouthfeel are excellent is provided, realizes contiguous plant.

The alternate implantation methods of apple is downgraded in highlands, and it is characterized in that: the method adopting wholely, select seedling, grafting, a kind, concrete steps are as follows:

Wholely: select loam plot, autumn ditches wholely, ditch depth 80 centimetres, ensures more than 60 centimetres, active soil stratum;

Select seedling: choose nursery stock rugosity more than 1.2 centimetres, highly more than 1.2 meters, the apple seedling of well developed root system;

Grafting: grafting at twice: the first step, breaks into the section of about 10 centimeters by the main root of Chinese hawthorn wood seedlings picking, together with Malus spectabilis root graft; Second step, by the Chinese hawthorn wood of first time grafting together with the apple seedling grafting of being completely cured;

Grafting divides the spring to connect to connect two kinds with the summer:

(1) spring connects: ditch under apple tree crown before the spring connects, use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ensures its vigorous growing way, adds the nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea after grafting;

(2) summer connects: apple tree is in the growth most productive period, need not topdress; After grafting, water according to soil dry-wet situation, too much ponding, does not set up support to support, the branch of removing apple sprouting in time simultaneously;

Fertilizer is allocated: mu basal dressing 3000-5000 kilogram before planting, enters in field planting ditch, suitably add quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer (as urea, diammonium phosphate etc.) and JT microbial-bacterial fertilizer under after excrement and native furnishing composite soil; Composite soil is too deeply not lower, and after Survival rate of nursery stock, root system can penetrate very soon in composite soil and draw nutrient is suitable;

Plant: it is too dark that nursery stock should not be planted, and equal with native face or lower slightly for spend with original foundation, when watering, nursery stock sinks naturally, the progressively earthing that preserves soil moisture of hoeing up weeds subsequently, and to rainy season in 7-8 month, earthing is substantially equal with ground;

Training: seeding row spacing 1.5 × 2 meters or 2 × 3.5 meters are advisable, and mu plants 130 strains; Spacing in the rows about 2 meters, adopt free spindle shaped training, spacing in the rows about 1.5 meters, adopt slender spindle like training;

Fixed dry: free spindle shaped training heading height 60-80 centimetre, slender spindle like training heading height 80-100 centimetre, density is larger, fixed dry higher; Growth early stage, particularly field planting then, kept sufficient moisture supply, saw dryly just to water, and kept Soil Water Content about 13%;

Between in soybean: in same piece of land, by alternate with apple seedling for preferred soya bean plantation in same season; Weed a garden before sowing, after flattening whole thin ground, adopt compact planting in narrow row seeding method, every mu of amount of sowing seeds 1.5 ~ 2 kilograms, thin earthing, light suppression (creeper draws a time); Before 3 ~ April, fruit tree watered, every mu of piss element about 30 kilograms;

Summer, green manure was sowed to early April at late March, and winter, green manure was sowed in October.

In the specific weather conditions in highlands and soil environment, realize contiguous plant.Trees ' root and Chinese hawthorn wood and Malus spectabilis root graft, adopt line-spacing 2 meters, the planting method that spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters, every mu of 130 strains of planting, First Year often plants good quality soybeans in the ranks, improves apple Se content, and keeping soil nitrogen fixing capacity, ripe leguminous plant recycles, and also can be used as Fertilizer application.

Embodiment one

Adopt in unity township, Kunming, Yunnan Province and downgrade the alternate implantation methods of apple, it is characterized in that: the method adopting wholely, select seedling, grafting, a kind, concrete steps are as follows:

Wholely: select loam plot, autumn ditches wholely, ditch depth 80 centimetres, ensures more than 60 centimetres, active soil stratum;

Select seedling: choose nursery stock rugosity at 1.2 centimetres, height 1.2 meters, the apple seedling of well developed root system;

Grafting: grafting at twice: the first step, breaks into the section of about 10 centimeters by the main root of Chinese hawthorn wood seedlings picking, together with Malus spectabilis root graft; Second step, by the Chinese hawthorn wood of first time grafting together with the apple seedling grafting of being completely cured;

Grafting adopts the summer to connect: when the summer connects, apple tree is in the growth most productive period, need not topdress; After grafting, water according to soil dry-wet situation, too much ponding, does not set up support to support, the branch of removing apple sprouting in time simultaneously;

Fertilizer is allocated: mu basal dressing 4000 kilograms before planting, enters in field planting ditch, suitably add quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer as urea, diammonium phosphate and JT microbial-bacterial fertilizer under after excrement and native furnishing composite soil; Composite soil is too deeply lower, and after Survival rate of nursery stock, root system can penetrate in composite soil to draw very soon supports as fitting;

Plant: it is too dark that nursery stock should not be planted, equal with native face or lower slightly for spend with original foundation.When watering, nursery stock sinks naturally, the progressively earthing that preserves soil moisture of hoeing up weeds subsequently, and to rainy season in 7-8 month, earthing is substantially equal with ground;

Training: seeding row spacing 1.5 × 2 meters, mu plants 130 strains; Employing slender spindle like is pruned;

Fixed dry: training heading height 80-100 centimetre, density is larger, fixed dry higher; Growth early stage, particularly field planting then, kept sufficient moisture supply, saw dryly just to water, and kept Soil Water Content about 13%;

Between in soya bean: in same piece of land, by alternate with apple seedling for preferred soybean plantation in same season; Weed a garden before sowing, after flattening whole thin ground, every mu of amount of sowing seeds 2 kilograms, thin earthing, light suppression (creeper draws a time); Before 3 ~ April, fruit tree watered, every mu of piss element about 30 kilograms;

Summer, green manure was sowed to early April at late March, and winter, green manure was sowed in October.

Claims (1)

1. the intensive intercropping plant method of apple is downgraded in highlands, it is characterized in that: the method adopting wholely, select seedling, grafting, a kind, and described highlands is downgraded the intensive intercropping plant method of apple and comprised the following steps:

Wholely: select loam plot, autumn ditches wholely, ditch depth 80 centimetres, ensures more than 60 centimetres, active soil stratum;

Select seedling: choose nursery stock rugosity more than 1.2 centimetres, highly more than 1.2 meters, the apple seedling of well developed root system;

Grafting: grafting at twice: the first step, breaks into the section of about 10 centimeters by the main root of Chinese hawthorn wood seedlings picking, together with Malus spectabilis root graft; Second step, by the Chinese hawthorn wood of first time grafting together with the apple seedling grafting of being completely cured;

Grafting divides the spring to connect to connect two kinds with the summer:

(1) spring connects: ditch under apple tree crown before the spring connects, use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ensures its vigorous growing way, adds the nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea after grafting;

(2) summer connects: apple tree is in the growth most productive period, need not topdress; After grafting, water according to soil dry-wet situation, too much ponding, does not set up support to support, the branch of removing apple sprouting in time simultaneously;

Fertilizer is allocated: mu basal dressing 3000-5000 kilogram before planting, enters in field planting ditch, suitably add quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer (as urea, diammonium phosphate etc.) and JT microbial-bacterial fertilizer under after excrement and native furnishing composite soil; Composite soil is too deeply not lower, and after Survival rate of nursery stock, root system can penetrate very soon in composite soil and draw nutrient is suitable;

Plant: it is too dark that nursery stock should not be planted, equal with native face or lower slightly for spend with original foundation; When watering, nursery stock sinks naturally, the progressively earthing that preserves soil moisture of hoeing up weeds subsequently, and to rainy season in 7-8 month, earthing is substantially equal with ground;

Training: seeding row spacing 1.5 × 2 meters or 2 × 3.5 meters are advisable, and mu plants 130 strains; Spacing in the rows about 2 meters, adopt free spindle shaped training, spacing in the rows about 1.5 meters, adopt slender spindle like training;

Fixed dry: free spindle shaped training heading height 60-80 centimetre, slender spindle like training heading height 80-100 centimetre, density is larger, fixed dry higher; Growth early stage, particularly field planting then, kept sufficient moisture supply, saw dryly just to water, and kept Soil Water Content about 13%;

Between in soybean: in same piece of land, by alternate with apple seedling for preferred soybean plantation in same season; Weed a garden before sowing, after flattening whole thin ground, adopt compact planting in narrow row seeding method, every mu of amount of sowing seeds 1.5 ~ 2 kilograms, thin earthing, light suppression (creeper draws a time); Before 3 ~ April, fruit tree watered, every mu of piss element about 30 kilograms;

Summer, green manure was sowed to early April at late March, and winter, green manure was sowed in October.