CN106416874A - Apple semi-modernity orchard reconstruction method - Google Patents
Apple semi-modernity orchard reconstruction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106416874A CN106416874A CN201610778006.0A CN201610778006A CN106416874A CN 106416874 A CN106416874 A CN 106416874A CN 201610778006 A CN201610778006 A CN 201610778006A CN 106416874 A CN106416874 A CN 106416874A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses an apple semi-modernity orchard reconstruction method, and relates to the fruit tree cultivation field; a 4th step can change top on a strong branch, can cut a stem for a strong bud, thus improving tree top vigor; a 5th step and a 7th step can increase the tree body vigor with no fruiting, so the tree body can grow above 3.5m; the 5th step, the 7th step, a 8th step, a 10th step, a 11th step and a 12th step are combined to thin bottom side branches, thus alleviating neck-clamping phenomenon; the upper branches can rejuvenate, so the tree body upper side and lower side can grow in coordination; a 9th step, the 11th step, a 13th step and a 15th step can realize transition reconstruction of conventional side branches to the modern side branches; the 11th step can increase the side branch processing number to 30-35; a 14th step, a 16th step, a 17th step, a 18th step, a 19th step and a 20th step can realize novel side branch standardization construction, thus finally realizing apple semi-modernity orchard reconstruction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fruit tree cultivation, specially a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae half Modern orchard remodeling method.
Background technology
Fructus Mali pumilae modern times cultivation mode, at present should in American-European countries spread used as up-to-date, most advanced cultivation mode
With.China started from 2007 to introduce the present cultivation mode of Fructus Mali pumilae from study abroad, through the popularization and application of last decade, according to not complete
Full statistics has developed 5,000,000 mu.This part orchard that limits due to aspects such as knowledge, technology is in half Modern orchard state and is
Between between traditional orchard and Modern orchard.
Build up the modern cultivation mode orchard of Fructus Mali pumilae half at present and be primarily present problems with：First, concept falls behind, and does not accomplish
Thought and the cooperation of pattern.Conscientiously do not dissect both at home and abroad in soil, Seedling during showing the modern pattern orchard of development first
The gap of the aspects such as wood, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weather, agricultural machinery, simply simply imitates；Next shows as adopting
Traditional orchard management theory to manage Modern orchard with management technique.2nd, pell-mell development, does not accomplish treatment in accordance with local conditions.Some places
Building well ground for mountain region, barren soil, can not enable rich water integration area also pell-mell development modern times pattern.3rd, basis is raw
Product data is poor with infrastructure, is effectively improved and prepares.First appear as the soil organism low notable only less than 1%
Level less than external more than 2%.Do not carry out effectively full garden topsoil improvement and work of fostering and apply fertilizer before building well.Building well
Do not carry out effective local soil improvement afterwards yet.It is poor and uneven that next shows as seedling quality.Most domestic adopts
Dwarfing interstock building well, does not enable external Dwarf rootstocks band branch seedlings building well.Domestic at present except small part orchard
Outside using direct import band branch seedlings building well, remaining adopts life in 1 year or 2 years raw nursery stock building wells substantially, and What is more adopts bud
Seedling building well.4th, overemphasize dwarfing rootstock early fruiting character, load capacity too big, cause stunted tree.Built Modern orchard typically will at present
Ask the 3rd year and see fruit, the 4th year high yield.Because dwarfing rootstock Growth status are weaker, and the flower and fruit thinning work of most of orchard less than
Position, tree body is highly only 2.5 meters about and is also not reaching to high more than spindle-type requirement height 3.5m just because load capacity goes out greatly very much
Existing senilism.Production at high load more than 2 years, stunted tree ratio quickly raises.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to above weak point, there is provided a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae half Modern orchard remodeling method, analyses in depth external
Modern apple orchard to nursery stock, soil, the aspect such as tree-like requirement, in conjunction with half modern present situation, realize the upgrading in half modern apple orchard
Transformation,
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae half Modern orchard remodeling method, includes
Following steps：The first step：Soil organic improving in the ranks, this step is the 3rd step preparatory condition；Between every every trade, 1.2m width soil is real
Apply soil improvement, apply 60 cubic metres of decomposed cow dung, bio-bacterial manure 150kg by every 667 square metres, revolved 3 times with rotary cultivator, by soil
Earth, cattle manure, bio-bacterial manure mix uniformly, and rotary tillage depth is 15cm, pour after rotary tillage one time permeable, rotary tillage selects one for 30 days at dusk afterwards
Spread fertilizer over the fields live body Lumbricuss 150kg by every 667 square metres；
Second step：Base anvil top adds the collar, and this step is the 3rd step preparatory condition；2cm below base anvil with intermediate stock graft union
Place, ties up a circle with the cloth rope of wide 1cm and forms a collar；Binding is not fallen to be advisable can just adhere to trunk.
3rd step：In the ranks cover on improved soil ridge, this step is that the first step is perfect with the second stepping；To change through the first step
Good soil is concentrated and is covered on ridge, and according to existing half modern apple orchard dwarfing interstock nursery stock feature, cladding thickness should be in 15cm
Left and right, adjusts at below cladding thickness, not more than intermediate stock and kind grafting mouth 5cm according to nursery stock situation；
4th step：Vigorous branches changes head, and strong bud cuts again, and this step is the tenth step preparatory condition；Choose one at top at the beginning of 1st year 3 months to strengthen
Branch changes head, in a strong bud cutting strunk of selecting and remain on vigorous branches of selecting and remain；
5th step：Side shoot stays an aobvious bud extremely to weigh cutting back, smears medicine protection, secondary step is the 6th step preparatory condition；Implementing the 4th step
While side shoot extremely weighed with cutting back, extremely weight cutting back standard requires, for staying an aobvious bud, extremely to be weighed short at 1cm on aobvious bud
Cut, cause the consolidant of smearing that clip diameter is more than 1.5cm to protect wound extremely heavy cutting back；Note：Fruit shear edge of a knife side during pruning
In the side of bud, in order to avoid extruding injury bud.
6th step：Soil rotary tillage improvement, whole ridge on ridge, this step is the perfect further of the 3rd step；Using small-sized rotary tilling
Plough will cover ridge rotary tillage 3 times, rotary tillage depth 25cm through the 3rd step, revolve the carefully and neatly done ridge of descendant；
7th step：Complex shears, bud picking, this step is the perfect further of the 5th step, complex shears：Prune for the first time due to various not
Controllable factor limits, and leaves certain safety factor when pruning.After pruning for the first time, a period of time will be in order to protect
Danger part removes and more conforms to the second pruning that standard carries out and be called " complex shears "；At the beginning of 1st year 4 months, if the first step and second step
Produce side shoot have below bud of selecting and remain kryptoblast sprout, complex shears near trunk sprouting top 0.5cm, if second step pole
The side shoot of weight cutting back has kryptoblast to sprout in base portion, and complex shears is to side shoot base portion, if side shoot base portion has multiple kryptoblast to sprout, using going
Force to stay on weak principle bud picking；Note：During complex shears, fruit shear edge of a knife side is in bud offside, in order to avoid cut hindering sprouting.
8th step：Defloration growth promoting, this step is the reinforcement further of four steps；When blooming within the 1st year, extract all alabastrums, promote
Enter to nourish and grow；
9th step：Once draw branch, this step is the 11st step preparatory condition；In mid-July, the 1st is to through the 5th step and the 7th
The side shoot that the diameter that step is processed is less than trunk rugosity a quarter uses " s " type open-angle device branch pulling and angle opening to 110-130 degree；
Tenth step：Side shoot is secondary extremely to weigh cutting back, and this step provides condition for the 12nd step；At the beginning of 2nd year 3 months, the 4th step is inspired
Trunk carries out strong bud cutting strunk, the 8th step is drawn the remaining side shoot of branch all extremely weighed cutting back, standard requires with the 5th step；
11st step：Trunk, side shoot once carve bud, and this step provides condition for the 14th step；To through the 9th before rudiment in 2nd year
The trunk that step is processed selects full bud every 8-10cm, and 0.5cm carves bud above it.The side shoot that 8th step is processed carries out carving bud rush
Send out shoot；Note：The bud selected and remain will be spirally distributed in trunk substantially；Carve bud and only carve disconnected phloem, do not hinder xylem.
12nd step：Secondary complex shears, bud picking, this step is the perfect further of the tenth step；To the tenth step at the beginning of 2nd year 4 months
The side shoot that extremely heavy cutting back is processed carries out complex shears, bud picking, and standard requires with the 7th step；
13rd step：Secondary draw branch, this step be the 15th step preparatory condition；To through the tenth step and the 12nd at the beginning of 2nd year 7 months
The side shoot that step is processed carries out drawing branch, and standard requires with the 9th step；
14th step：Side shoot extremely weighs cutting back three times, and this step is the 16th step preparatory condition；In March, the 3rd is to through the 11st
The side shoot that step trunk carves bud generation is extremely weighed cutting back, and standard requires with the 5th step；
15th step：Side shoot secondary quarter bud, this step is the perfect further of the 13rd step；To through the tenth before rudiment in 3rd year
The side shoot of three step process carries out carving bud process, and standard requires with the 11st step；
16th step：No. three complex shears, bud picking, this step is the perfect further of the 14th step；To through the tenth at the beginning of 3rd year 4 months
The side shoot that four steps are processed carries out complex shears, bud picking, and standard requires with the 7th step；
17th step：Side shoot extremely weighs cutting back four times, and this step is the 18th step preparatory condition；At the beginning of 4th year 3 months to the 16th step at
The side shoot of reason is extremely weighed cutting back, and standard requires with the 5th step.
18th step：No. four complex shears, bud picking, this step is the 19th step preparatory condition；To through the tenth at the beginning of 4th year 4 months
The side shoot that seven steps are processed carries out complex shears, bud picking, and standard requires with the 7th step.
19th step：Draw branch three times, this step is the 20th preparatory condition；In mid-July, the 4th is at the 17th step
The side shoot of reason carries out drawing branch, and standard requires with the 9th step.
20th step：Side shoot carves bud three times, and this step is the perfect further of the 19th step；To process before rudiment in 5th year
The side shoot that 19th step is processed carries out carving bud process, and standard requires with the 11st step.
Rhizosphere soil organises improvement, promotes soil organic matter content lifting 1-1.5% in the range of rhizosphere.By the first step,
3rd step, the 6th step realize the improvement that organises of soil, promote dwarfing stock to be buried part by the cooperation of second step and the 3rd step
Take root, it is achieved thereby that the improvement that organises in the range of rhizosphere.
Dwarfing interstock Fructus Mali pumilae is improved from rootization, realizes improveing nursery stock birth defect by the cultivation technique means day after tomorrow.Logical
Cross second step and limit nutrition exchange, promote collar top Callus formation, calluss shape is promoted by the cooperation of the 3rd step
Become stem source root, thus realizing from root.Early stage can still rely on it due to the not obvious aerial partss of the restriction effect of the collar
Supply nutrition.Because collar restriction effect continues to increase after 1 year, phloem is separated by the collar, and base anvil no longer has nutrition supplying
To ability.Base anvil can not be transported to substrate thus leading to base anvil gradually dead because aerial partss manufacture nutrient, and intermediate stock stem
Source root system basically forms, and progressively plays root system effect.
The high spindle upgrading of Fructus Mali pumilae half, changes head by the 4th step vigorous branches, strong bud cuts again, improves the growing way of tree head, joins
Conjunction makes tree body using the 5th step and the 7th step, and result does not increase tree body growing way so that tree body can grow into more than 3.5m.By
Five steps, the 7th step, the 8th step, the tenth step, the 11st step, the 12nd step with the use of the weight-reducing realizing bottom side shoot,
Thus alleviating " card neck " phenomenon；Realize the rejuvenating of upper strata branch, promote the upper and lower side shoot of tree body to develop in harmony；With the use of
The modern side shoot that nine steps, the 11st step, the 13rd step, the 15th step realize traditional side shoot is excessively transformed.At the 11st step
The increase further of reason side shoot quantity is so as to reach 30-35.By the 14th step, the 16th step, the 17th step, the 18th
Step, the 19th step, the 20th step are realized newly-increased side shoot standardization and are built.
Transformation is organised so that the apple orchard rhizosphere soil organic matter content after improvement reaches 2.1% by soil, substantially reaches
Abroad modern apple orchard content of organic matter bottom line.Because the raising of the soil organism makes the more traditional orchard in improved orchard
Fruit quality significantly improves, and observed result shows that the average soluble solid content of fruit improves 2-3.5% for many years, and fruit is average
Single fruit weight raising 30g about.High spindle-type α-Fe2O3 ginseng is basically reached using tree structure after this patent method improvement tree body 5 years
Number：Average height reaches more than 3.5m, and half Modern orchard only has 2.5m；Side shoot quantity reaches 30-35, and half is modern
Orchard only has 5-7 side shoot；Side shoot length is 0.7-1.2m, and half Modern orchard is 1.5-2.5m；At liftoff 1.5m, rugosity is
4.5cm, and half Modern orchard only has 2cm due to " card neck " phenomenon.Half Modern orchard tree body growing way too weak with senilism phenomenon
Effectively cause biennial bearing phenomenon to happen occasionally, and started from the 4th year to start substantially due to the impact fruit yield of senilism phenomenon
Decline.Although sacrifice the yield of 2 years using the orchard of this patent method transformation, the later stage is due to its relatively half Modern orchard
More exceed and Production Life is longer, the yield that it is sacrificed can be made up a deficiency completely.Using this patent transformation and upgrade half is existing
If for the supporting suitable agricultural machinery in orchard, cost input will be significantly reduced, every mu of ground at least reduces by 1000 yuan of inputs.
| Half Modern orchard | Orchard after this patent transformation | |
| 25cm soil layer soil organic matter content（%） | 1 | 2.1 |
| The height of tree（m） | 2.6 | 3.6 |
| 5 years rear side branch quantity（Individual） | 5--7 | 30--35 |
| 5 years rear side branch length（m） | 1.5-2.5 | 0.7-1.2 |
| Rugosity at liftoff 1.5m after 5 years（cm） | 2 | 4.5 |
| 3rd annual single fruit weight（g） | 180 | 210 |
| 3rd annual per mu yield（kg） | 3121 | 1431 |
| The 3rd year average soluble solid of fruit（%） | 12 | 14 |
| In 4th annual single fruit | 162 | 218 |
| 4th annual per mu yield（kg） | 3024 | 2431 |
| The 4th year average soluble solid of fruit（%） | 12.4 | 14.2 |
| 5th annual single fruit weight（g） | 171 | 214 |
| 5th annual per mu yield（kg） | 2981 | 2741 |
| The 5th year average soluble solid of fruit（%） | 12.2 | 14.6 |
| 5th every mu of annual ground puts into (unit） | 5521.4 | 3721.2 |
| 6th annual single fruit weight（g） | 174 | 219 |
| 6th annual per mu yield（kg） | 2731 | 3424 |
| The 6th year average soluble solid of fruit（%） | 11.6 | 15.2 |
| 6th every mu of annual ground puts into (unit） | 5749.6 | 4378.2 |
Brief description
It is flow chart of the present invention shown in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one：Using the rich No. 3 half modern Fructus Mali pumilaes of the hupehensis Rehd base anvil+M9 intermediate stock+cigarette of this patent method transformation
Garden
Material：Base anvil：Hupehensis Rehd；Stock：M9；Kind：Rich No. 3 of cigarette；The age of tree：4 years
Time：2011-2015 years；Place:Yiyuan County An Xin farm
Process：At the beginning of 2011 2 months, between every every trade, 1.2m width soil implements soil, and improvement is applied as decomposed cow dung by every 667 square metres
60 cubic metres, bio-bacterial manure (agricultural university's board microbial bacterial agent) 150kg, is revolved 3 times with rotary cultivator, soil, cattle manure, bio-bacterial manure is mixed
Mix uniformly, rotary tillage depth is 15cm.Pour after rotary tillage one time permeable, rotary tillage selects by every 667 square metre spread fertilizer over the fields a dusk for 30 days afterwards
Live body Lumbricuss 150kg.At base anvil with intermediate stock graft union once 2cm, tie up a circle with the cloth rope of wide 1cm and form a collar.
Binding is not fallen to be advisable can just adhere to trunk.To concentrate through first step improved soil and cover on ridge.Existing according to existing half
For apple orchard dwarfing interstock nursery stock feature, cladding thickness should be in 15cm.Cladding thickness, highest are adjusted according to nursery stock situation
At 5cm below intermediate stock and kind grafting mouth.Choose a vigorous branches at top at the beginning of 3 months and change head, select and remain on vigorous branches selecting and remain
One strong bud cutting strunk.Side shoot is extremely weighed with cutting back, extremely weight cutting back standard requires, for staying an aobvious bud, to carry out pole on aobvious bud at 1cm
Weight cutting back.The consolidant of smearing that clip diameter is more than 1.5cm is caused to protect wound extremely heavy cutting back.To be covered using small-sized rotary tilling plough
Ridge rotary tillage 3 times, rotary tillage depth 25cm.Revolve the carefully and neatly done ridge of descendant.At the beginning of 4 months, the side shoot of extremely heavy cutting back has kryptoblast below bud of selecting and remain
Sprout, complex shears to the sprouting top 0.5cm near trunk.If the side shoot of extremely heavy cutting back has kryptoblast to sprout in base portion, complex shears
To side shoot base portion, if side shoot base portion has multiple kryptoblast to sprout, using going to force to stay on weak principle bud picking.Note：Fruit branch during complex shears
Shears mouth side in bud offside, in order to avoid cut hindering sprouting.When blooming, extract all alabastrums, promote to nourish and grow.Mid-July is to diameter
Use " s " type open-angle device branch pulling and angle opening less than the side shoot of trunk rugosity a quarter to 110-130 degree.To trunk at the beginning of 2012 3 months
Carry out strong bud cutting strunk.To drawing the remaining side shoot of branch all extremely to be weighed cutting back, extremely heavy cutting back standard is ibid.Every to trunk before rudiment
Select full bud every 8-10cm, 0.5cm carves bud above it.Side shoot is carried out with quarter bud and inspires shoot.Note：The bud selected and remain is basic
It is spirally distributed in trunk；Carve bud and only carve disconnected phloem, do not hinder xylem.The side shoot at the beginning of 4 months, extremely heavy cutting back being processed is carried out
Complex shears, bud picking, complex shears, bud picking standard ibid, carry out drawing branch to side shoot at the beginning of 7 months, draw a standard ibid.In March, 2013 is to warp
The side shoot crossing the bud generation of trunk quarter is extremely weighed cutting back, and extremely heavy cutting back standard is ibid.Before rudiment, side shoot is carried out carving bud process, carve
Bud standard is ibid.At the beginning of 4 months, side shoot is carried out with complex shears, bud picking, complex shears, bud picking standard are ibid.At the beginning of 2014 3 months, pole is carried out to side shoot
Weight cutting back, extremely heavy cutting back standard is ibid.At the beginning of 4 months, side shoot is carried out with complex shears, bud picking, complex shears, bud picking standard are ibid.Mid-July pair
Side shoot carries out drawing branch, draws a standard ibid.Before rudiment in 2015, side shoot is carried out carving bud process, carve bud standard ibid, orchard changes
Make and complete.
Embodiment two：Using the rich No. 3 half modern Fructus Mali pumilaes of the Mains micromalus+M9T337 intermediate stock+cigarette of this patent method transformation
Garden
Material：Base anvil：Mains micromalus；Stock：M9T337；Kind：Rich No. 3 of cigarette；The age of tree：3 years
Time：2009-2013 years；Place:National Fructus Mali pumilae multi-center trial base
Process：At the beginning of 2009 2 months, between every every trade, 1.2m width soil implements soil, and improvement is applied as decomposed cow dung by every 667 square metres
60 cubic metres, bio-bacterial manure 150kg, is revolved 3 times with rotary cultivator, soil, cattle manure, bio-bacterial manure is mixed uniformly, rotary tillage depth is
15cm.Pour after rotary tillage one time permeable, rotary tillage selects spread fertilizer over the fields live body Lumbricuss 150kg by every 667 square metres a dusk for 30 days afterwards.In base
Anvil and intermediate stock graft union, once at 2cm, are tied up a circle with the cloth rope of wide 1cm and are formed a collar.Binding is adhering to
Trunk does not fall to be advisable.To concentrate through first step improved soil and cover on ridge.According to existing half modern apple orchard dwarfing interstock
Nursery stock feature, cladding thickness should be in 15cm.Cladding thickness, not more than intermediate stock and kind are adjusted according to nursery stock situation
At 5cm below graft union.Choose a vigorous branches at top at the beginning of 3 months and change head, in a strong bud cutting strunk of selecting and remain on vigorous branches of selecting and remain.Side shoot is entered
Row extremely weighs cutting back, and extremely weight cutting back standard requires, for staying an aobvious bud, extremely to be weighed cutting back on aobvious bud at 1cm.Extremely heavy cutting back is made
The consolidant of smearing that clip diameter is more than 1.5cm is become to protect wound.Ridge rotary tillage 3 times, rotary tillage depth will be covered using small-sized rotary tilling plough
25cm.Revolve the carefully and neatly done ridge of descendant.At the beginning of 4 months, the side shoot of extremely heavy cutting back has kryptoblast to sprout below bud of selecting and remain, and complex shears is near master
Dry sprouting top 0.5cm.If the side shoot of extremely heavy cutting back has kryptoblast to sprout in base portion, complex shears is to side shoot base portion, if side shoot
Base portion has multiple kryptoblast to sprout, using going to force to stay on weak principle bud picking.Note：During complex shears, fruit shear edge of a knife side is in bud offside, with
Exempt to cut and hinder sprouting.When blooming, extract all alabastrums, promote to nourish and grow.Mid-July diameter is less than trunk rugosity four/
One side shoot " s " type open-angle device branch pulling and angle opening is to 110-130 degree.At the beginning of 2010 3 months, trunk is carried out with strong bud cutting strunk.To drawing branch
Remaining side shoot is all extremely weighed cutting back.Before rudiment, every 8-10cm, full bud is selected to trunk, 0.5cm carves bud above it.
Side shoot is carried out with quarter bud and inspires shoot.Note：The bud selected and remain will be spirally distributed in trunk substantially；Carve bud and only carve disconnected bast
Portion, does not hinder xylem.The side shoot at the beginning of 4 months, extremely heavy cutting back being processed carries out complex shears, bud picking.At the beginning of 7 months, side shoot is carried out drawing branch.2011
March in year is extremely weighed cutting back to the side shoot carving bud generation through trunk.Before rudiment, side shoot is carried out carving bud process.Right at the beginning of 4 months
Side shoot carries out complex shears, bud picking.At the beginning of 2012 3 months, cutting back is extremely weighed to side shoot.At the beginning of 4 months, complex shears, bud picking are carried out to side shoot.July
The middle ten days carries out drawing branch to side shoot.Before rudiment in 2013, side shoot is carried out carving bud process, orchard transformation completes.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae half Modern orchard remodeling method it is characterised in that
The first step：Soil organic improving in the ranks；Between every every trade, 1.2m width soil implements soil improvement, applies by every 667 square metres
60 cubic metres of decomposed cow dung, bio-bacterial manure 150kg, is revolved 3 times with rotary cultivator, soil, cattle manure, bio-bacterial manure is mixed uniformly, rotation
Tilling depth degree be 15cm, pour after rotary tillage one time permeable, rotary tillage selects spread fertilizer over the fields live body Lumbricuss by every 667 square metres a dusk for 30 days afterwards
150kg；
Second step：Base anvil top adds the collar；At 2cm below base anvil with intermediate stock graft union, tie up a cast with the cloth rope of wide 1cm
Become a collar；
3rd step：In the ranks cover on improved soil ridge；To concentrate through first step improved soil cover on ridge, and cladding thickness should be
15cm, adjusts at below cladding thickness, not more than intermediate stock and kind grafting mouth 5cm according to nursery stock situation；
4th step：Vigorous branches changes head, and strong bud cuts again；Choose a vigorous branches at top at the beginning of 1st year 3 months and change head, select and remain on vigorous branches selecting and remain
One strong bud cutting strunk；
5th step：Side shoot stays an aobvious bud extremely to weigh cutting back, smears medicine protection；Side shoot is extremely weighed short while implementing four steps
Cut, extremely weight cutting back standard requires, for staying an aobvious bud, extremely to be weighed cutting back on aobvious bud at 1cm, causes clip straight extremely heavy cutting back
The consolidant of smearing more than 1.5cm for the footpath protects wound；
6th step：Soil rotary tillage improvement, whole ridge on ridge；Ridge rotary tillage 3 times, rotary tillage will be covered using small-sized rotary tilling plough through the 3rd step
Depth 25cm, has revolved the carefully and neatly done ridge of descendant；
7th step：Complex shears, bud picking；At the beginning of 1st year 4 months, if the side shoot that the first step and second step produce is below bud of selecting and remain
Have kryptoblast to sprout, complex shears to the sprouting top 0.5cm near trunk, if the side shoot of the extremely heavy cutting back of second step have in base portion hidden
Bud is sprouted, and complex shears is to side shoot base portion, if side shoot base portion has multiple kryptoblast to sprout, using going to force to stay on weak principle bud picking；
8th step：Defloration growth promoting；When blooming within the 1st year, extract all alabastrums, promote to nourish and grow；
9th step：Once draw branch；In mid-July, the 1st is less than trunk rugosity four to the diameter processing through the 5th step and the 7th step
/ mono- side shoot " s " type open-angle device branch pulling and angle opening is to 110-130 degree；
Tenth step：Side shoot is secondary extremely to weigh cutting back；The trunk at the beginning of 2nd year 3 months, the 4th step being inspired carries out strong bud cutting strunk, to the 8th step
The remaining side shoot of branch is drawn all extremely to be weighed cutting back, standard requires with the 5th step；
11st step：Trunk, side shoot once carve bud；Before rudiment in 2nd year, the trunk processing through the 9th step is selected every 8-10cm
Full bud, 0.5cm quarter bud above it；The side shoot that 8th step is processed carries out quarter bud and inspires shoot；
12nd step：Secondary complex shears, bud picking；The side shoot that at the beginning of 2nd year 4 months, extremely heavy cutting back is processed to the tenth step carries out complex shears, bud picking,
Standard requires with the 7th step；
13rd step：Secondary draw branch；Carry out drawing branch to the side shoot processing through the tenth step and the 12nd step at the beginning of 2nd year 7 months, standard
Require with the 9th step；
14th step：Side shoot extremely weighs cutting back three times；In March, the 3rd is carried out to the side shoot carving bud generation through the 11st step trunk
Extremely weigh cutting back, standard requires with the 5th step；
15th step：Side shoot secondary quarter bud；Before rudiment in 3rd year, the side shoot through the tenth three step process is carried out carving bud process, mark
Alignment request is with the 11st step；
16th step：No. three complex shears, bud picking；At the beginning of 3rd year 4 months, the side shoot processing through the 14th step is carried out with complex shears, bud picking, mark
Alignment request is with the 7th step；
17th step：Side shoot extremely weighs cutting back four times；The side shoot at the beginning of 4th year 3 months, the 16th step being processed extremely is weighed cutting back, standard
Require with the 5th step；
18th step：No. four complex shears, bud picking；At the beginning of 4th year 4 months, the side shoot processing through the 17th step is carried out with complex shears, bud picking, mark
Alignment request is with the 7th step；
19th step：Draw branch three times；In mid-July, the 4th carries out drawing branch to the side shoot processing through the 17th step, and standard requires same
9th step；
20th step：Side shoot carves bud three times；Before rudiment in 5th year, the side shoot processing through the 19th step is carried out carving bud process, mark
Alignment request is with the 11st step.
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