CN105493915A - Elongated pinecone apple tree form and trimming method thereof - Google Patents
Elongated pinecone apple tree form and trimming method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105493915A CN105493915A CN201510857554.8A CN201510857554A CN105493915A CN 105493915 A CN105493915 A CN 105493915A CN 201510857554 A CN201510857554 A CN 201510857554A CN 105493915 A CN105493915 A CN 105493915A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- branch
- tree
- shoot
- bud
- elongated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
Abstract
The invention discloses an elongated pinecone apple tree form and a trimming method thereof; the integral tree form is in an elongated pinecone shape; the tree is 3.5-4.5m in height when approaching a full bearing period, and has 25-30 main branches; the tree is 2.8-3m after lowering the cap, the main trunk is 1.0-1.5 m in height, the tree has 18-22 main branches, a main branch opening angle is 110-130 degrees, the main branch is 50-70cm in length on the upper portion of the crown, and 110-130cm on the lower portion of the crown; the spacing between the main branches is 10-20cm; the main branches are arranged in a spiral manner around the main trunk; the branch-trunk ratio is 1:3-6; the branch group-main branch ratio is 1:5-7. The tree form is small on top and big in bottom, tidy and standard, strong in main trunk, strong in wind-resistance, ventilating and light transmission, suitable for close planting, and is a high yield, stable yield, high-quality and high efficiency tree form; the trimming method complies with the trend that tree body frame decreases and trimming is simplified; the method is easy to handle, and good for promotion in wind-line close planting apple gardens.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pruning technique field of apple tree, the tree-like and trimming method of especially a kind of elongated pinecone shape apple.
Background technology
The pruning of apple tree is that cultivation is got bumper crops, stable yields is tree-like, important measures of growth regulation and result relation.Its Main Function is: put up tree body skeleton, improve ventilation and penetrating light condition, improve utility rate of luminous energy, cultivation results branch and branch group, promote result; Set up the relation of relative equilibrium between growth and result, alleviate the contradiction between old and feeble and renewal; Thus reach the object of increasing the yield per unit area, improving fruit quality, increasing economic benefit.
At present, the orchard of wide row dense planting is Production trend and the direction of Apple development, is the important symbol of modern apple industry.The tree-like coronule that mainly comprises of the high yield promoted in recent years dredges layer shape, spindle, pinecone shape, and these are tree-like, and all to there is technical difficulty high, and shaping is time-consuming takes a lot of work, the shortcoming such as trunk is not strong, be not suitable for dense planting, high and stable yield is bad.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the tree-like and trimming method of a kind of elongated pinecone shape apple, this tree-like up-small and down-big, neat specification, trunk is strong, wind resistance is strong, ventilation and penetrating light, suitable dense planting, be a kind of high yield, stable yields, high-quality, tree-like efficiently; Its trimming method meet tree body skeleton by changeable less, prune by numerous developing direction becoming letter, prune brief, easily grasp, the apple orchard being conducive to wide row dense planting is promoted.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, overall tree-like in elongated pinecone shape, closes on the height of tree 3.5 ~ 4.5m in the full bearing period, major branch number 25 ~ 30; Fall the height of tree 2.8 ~ 3m after head, high 1.0 ~ the 1.5m of trunk, major branch number 18 ~ 22, major branch spreading angle 110 ° ~ 130 °, tree crown top major branch length 50 ~ 70cm, tree crown bottom major branch length 110 ~ 130cm, major branch spacing 10 ~ 20cm, major branch is around trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 3 ~ 6, and branch group is 1: 5 ~ 7 with major branch ratio.
Further, major branch spreading angle 115 ° ~ 125 °, tree crown bottom major branch length 115 ~ 125cm, tree crown top major branch length 55 ~ 65cm, major branch spacing 12 ~ 18cm, major branch is around trunk helical arrangement, limb ratio is 1: 4 ~ 5, and branch group is 1: 5.5 ~ 6.5 with major branch ratio.
The trimming method that elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, after apple sapling being pressed seeding row spacing 2 ~ 3m × 4 ~ 5m field planting, its tree-like pruning comprises the following steps:
1) First Year is pruned
1. surely do
Height of seedling, when 100 ~ 120cm, is done surely at the full bud place of 85 ~ 95cm, and height of seedling is when 120 ~ 150cm, fixed dry at 105 ~ 115cm place; Carve a bud from apart from 65 ~ 75cm trunk place, ground every a bud after calmly doing, carve the 4th bud to clip, inspire 3 ~ 5 branches; A label is started, the strong angle of release of shoot growth gesture 90 °, the slightly slow strong angle of release 70 ° of shoot growth gesture as long branch to 18 ~ 22cm; As long branch to 48 ~ 52cm, start branch angle 120 °;
2. indefinite dry
When the sprouting that nursery stock sprouts grows to 0.8 ~ 1.2cm, stay a strong tender shoots in upper end to do the dry elongated shoot in center, rudiment within this bud lower end 10cm that erases, promote that the healthy and strong branch of the golden mean of the Confucian school is sprouted in bottom; Not erase when the sprouting sprouted as nursery stock grows to 0.8 ~ 1.2cm rudiment within the 10cm of this bud lower end, when young sprout grows to 4.5 ~ 5.5cm, select the strongest young sprout in upper end to do the dry elongated shoot in center, be thinning out competitive branch;
3. bud picking
To erase early in ground to 65 ~ 75cm trunk all rudiments 2 ~ 3 times, and the rudiment that trunk top of erasing is overstocked;
2) Second Year is pruned
1. the process of annual side shoot
According to target tree-like cultivation major branch, as branch gesture is balanced, namely center dry on have more than 3, limb ratio is less than 1: 3 and the good side shoot in orientation, then angle of release draws branch directly to cultivate major branch, remove overstocked branch simultaneously, as unbalanced in branch gesture side shoot all to be removed from base portion, also can to the extremely heavy cutting back of this side shoot on the position of cultivating major branch, clip smears consolidant in time;
2. the process of the dry elongated shoot in center
Winter cuts: the dry elongated shoot in center light cutting back as comparatively strong in growing way or not cutting back; The dry elongated shoot in center as more weak in growing way more than its base portion full bud top, 45 ~ 50cm place cutting back, and from center, dry elongated shoot base portion 10cm up carves bud, carves a bud every 3 buds;
Summer cuts: mid-August, carries out pinching to the elongated shoot young sprout do not bound;
3. the process of competitive branch
In late May to early June, when competing young sprout and growing to 10 ~ 15cm, extremely weigh cutting back, namely more than base portion lotus throne leaf, stay 1cm place cutting back, bud can be formed then and grow golden mean of the Confucian school branch;
4. the process of major branch
Summer cuts: polishing rear center is done to the branch again sprouted, according to target tree-like major branch of selecting and remain, and carries out a label, start to draw branch, angle 120 ° when growing to 48 ~ 52cm when major branch grows to 18 ~ 22cm; Mid-August carries out pinching to the major branch young sprout do not bound;
Autumn draws branch: early August starts to draw branch to major branch, angle 120 °;
3) within the 3rd year, prune
1. the process of the dry elongated shoot in center
The dry elongated shoot in center cutting back as comparatively strong light in growing way or not cutting back, as more weak in growing way at 45 ~ 50cm place full bud top cutting back, and carry out bud at quarter, deflorate;
2. the process of major branch
(1) continue to cultivate major branch, removed thick overstocked branch;
(2) on major branch, cultivate sagging loose shape fruit bearing shoot by the target of every meter 8 ~ 12, homonymy adjacent bonds fruit branch spacing 18 ~ 22cm, remove major branch Shang Ju center do 20cm within branch, and start to carve bud, also can smear branching promoter for plant, promote sprouting of lateral bud;
(3) process of major branch back branch, as both sides remove from base portion without culture space, as both sides have culture space to carry out base portion girdling, by branch or draw branch to cultivate sagging fruit bearing shoot;
(4) when prosperous by force on major branch elongated shoot grows to 30 ~ 40cm, cut the tender tip of front end 8 ~ 12cm, 2 ~ 4 little brachyplasts can be sprouted in rear portion, extremely weigh cutting back again when little brachyplast grows to 8 ~ 12cm again, can become colored then.
Further, the trimming method that the present invention's elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like comprises the following steps:
4) within the 4 to six year, prune
1. center is done and the process of major branch
Now the height of tree reaches 2.8 ~ 3.5m, and major branch has reached 15 ~ 22, adjacent main interval between branch 10 ~ 20cm; , light cutting back or not cutting back are carried out to the dry elongated shoot in center and the according to target tree-like requirement of major branch;
2. the process of fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Do beyond 20cm at major branch Shang Ju center and cultivate middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, fruit-bearing shoot cluster growing point controls below 20, and cut to lengthen is at below 50cm, and branch level is below 4 grades of branches, and the branch of bottom major branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster is apart from ground more than 30cm; Fruit-bearing shoot cluster is distributed quantity every meter 8 ~ 12 on major branch, and front portion accounts for 33 ~ 38%, and middle part accounts for 45 ~ 50%, and rear portion accounts for 14 ~ 20%; For the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that growing way is stronger, the first older putting is not cut, and Second Year carries out cutting back to elongated shoot; For the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that growing way is more weak, get rid of to put for years and do not cut, give free rein to growth, facilitate brachyplast to yield positive results.
Further, the trimming method that the present invention's elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like comprises the following steps:
5) developmental branch is pruned
1. branch is rolled over
Mid-July carries out folding branch to the developmental branch on skeleton branch, and namely roll over downwards at branch base portion 5cm place, fracture 1/2 to 2/3 of branch, branch angle is made to hang down into 120 ~ 130 °, change shoot growth direction, hinder its nutrition to transport downwards, accumulation nutrition promotes flower_bud formation;
2. cutting back in spray, promotes that rear portion becomes flower
Mid-July, to giving over to the developmental branch of fruit bearing shoot when branch grows to 40cm, carries out middle cutting back to branch, cuts 1/3 of spray, after short before pressing down, make clip rear portion bud have grace time to accumulate nutrition, can form 1 ~ 2 bud then at clip rear portion;
3. before break spray top, back heavy carves bud
Spring, to the biennial strong prosperous developmental branch of more than 50cm, when branch terminal bud grows to 3 ~ 5cm, gets rid of terminal bud, and carries out bud at quarter to rear portion bud, makes whole branch change into golden mean of the Confucian school stalwartness by prosperous by force, inspires brachyplast, and slow gesture becomes flower;
4. close raw point is cut
Elongated shoot front end concentrates multiple leaf buds of close life to be commonly called as close raw point, and weak branch cuts close raw point before resin flowing, after the flowing of enriching shoot resin, makes elongated shoot normal growth, uniaxial extension, expands tree crown.
Further, the trimming method that the present invention's elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like comprises the following steps:
6) prune the full bearing period
The full bearing period mainly controls tree crown, improves illumination condition, stablizes tree vigo(u)r, intense adjustment fruit-bearing shoot cluster, ensures orchard in-group's light; Along with the growth of the age of tree, to remove on trunk diameter more than the bough of 2.5cm in good time, accomplish " upper rare lower close, outer rare interior close, the rare sprig of bough is close ".
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
1, elongated pinecone shape apple disclosed by the invention is tree-like is a kind ofly be specially adapted to the newly tree-like of the tall anvil in northern cold nonirrigated farmland district wide row orchard, and whole tree is elongated pinecone shape state; Major branch is dry spiral distribution centrally, and top major branch is short, and bottom major branch is long, and illumination is full and uniform, and utility rate of luminous energy is high, and see sunlight on the center that can ensure is dry, in tree crown, illumination condition is good; Fruit fruit sees light, and fruit size is consistent, fruit quality is consistent, and high quality fruit rate is high.
2, trunk 1 ~ 1.5m that elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, trunk is higher, improves the height on fruit bearing shoot distance ground on the major branch of bottom, avoids apple by the pollution of ground sputtering earth, reduces the harm of apple bacteria infection, improve fruit quality; The major branch quantity after head that falls can reach 18 ~ 22, bottom major branch length 110 ~ 130cm, and hat width is large, improves individual plant fruit tree light-receiving area, improves fruit tree single plant yield.
3, because trunk is higher, the average spreading angle of major branch can reach 120 °, and especially major branch average spreading angle in bottom also can reach 120 °, is conducive to cultivating sagging loose elongate fruit bearing shoot, is conducive to high and stable yield year after year, and fruit shape is rectified.
4, the trimming method that elongated pinecone shape apple provided by the invention is tree-like is simple, and orchard worker easily grasps, and grasps the tree-like trimming method of elongated pinecone shape apple for the ease of orchard worker, and the present invention has also write elongated pinecone shape shaping pithy formula:
At the bottom of tower height three meters 80, Spiral distribution 18.
Branch level is slightly than five or seven times, and surpassing three thin contractings should not be late.
Sign for 20 and 50 to draw, major branch angle of release one by one eight.
Adjacent two master three or five cun, major branch one chi eight in the same way.
Every meter of branch group ten is individual, with the large Handspan of side shoot group one.
Above-mentioned pithy formula is explained as follows:
(1) 80 (full bearing period, the height of tree controlled within 3m, and the first major branch is apart from ground at least 0.8m) at the bottom of tower height three meters; (2) Spiral distribution 18 (dry upper Spiral distribution more than 18 major branches in center); (3) branch level slightly than five or seven times (it is 1: 5 ~ 7 that fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch, center do rugosity at different levels ratio); (4) surpassing three thin contractings should not late (fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch, center are done rugosity at different levels ratio and be greater than 1: 3, remove in time or bounce back); Sign and 50 to draw (prop up label when the major branch done of center grows to about 20cm, grow to about 50cm Shi Lazhi) for (5) two ten; (6) major branch angle of release eight (major branch branch angles about 120 °) one by one; (7) adjacent two main three or five cun (adjacent two major branch spacing 10 ~ 15cm); (8) major branch one chi eight (equidirectional overlapping two major branch about spacing 60cm) in the same way; (9) every meter of branch group ten (on major branch every meter raw about 10 fruit-bearing shoot clusters); (10) with the large Handspan (on major branch adjacent two fruit-bearing shoot cluster about the spacing 20cm of homonymy) of side shoot group one.
5, elongated pinecone shape apple of the present invention is tree-like, and within 3 years, with regard to a small amount of result, per mu yield in the 4th year can reach more than 800 kilograms, can reach the full bearing period in 7,8 years, and output can reach 2500 ~ 3,000,000 grams/acre.Because this tree-like each apple can be subject to solar radiation, fruit quality is good, and general full haw rate is more tree-like than other exceeds more than 20%.
Embodiment
Respectively specific description is done to tree-like and pruning of the present invention below.
A kind of elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, overall tree-like in elongated pinecone shape, closes on the height of tree 3.5 ~ 4.5m in the full bearing period, major branch number 25 ~ 30, the height of tree 2.8 ~ 3m after the head that falls, trunk 1.0 ~ 1.3m, major branch number 18 ~ 22, major branch spreading angle 115 ° ~ 125 °, tree crown bottom major branch length 115 ~ 125cm, tree crown top major branch length 55 ~ 65cm, major branch spacing 12 ~ 18cm, major branch is around trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 4 ~ 5, and branch group is 1: 5.5 ~ 6.5 with major branch ratio.
Elongated pinecone shape and high slender spindle-shaped apple tree-like be closer like tree structure, China patent document CN101755655B discloses the tree-like and trimming method of a kind of high slender spindle-shaped apple, the form below by contrast illustrate the present invention's elongated pinecone shape and the tree-like difference of high slender spindle-shaped apple as shown in table 1.
Table 1 elongated pinecone shape and tree-like the comparing of high slender spindle-shaped apple
Trimming method tree-like to the apple of elongated pinecone shape of the present invention is below described in detail,
The trimming method that elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, after apple sapling being pressed seeding row spacing 2.5m × 4m field planting, its tree-like pruning comprises the following steps:
1) First Year is pruned
1. surely do
Height of seedling, when 100 ~ 120cm, is done surely at the full bud place of 85 ~ 95cm, and height of seedling is when 120 ~ 150cm, fixed dry at 105 ~ 115cm place; Carve a bud from apart from 65 ~ 75cm trunk place, ground every a bud after calmly doing, carve the 4th bud to clip, inspire 3 ~ 5 branches; A label is started, the strong angle of release of shoot growth gesture 90 °, the slightly slow strong angle of release 70 ° of shoot growth gesture as long branch to 18 ~ 22cm; As long branch to 48 ~ 52cm, start branch angle 120 °;
2. indefinite dry
When the sprouting that nursery stock sprouts grows to 0.8 ~ 1.2cm, stay a strong tender shoots in upper end to do the dry elongated shoot in center, rudiment within this bud lower end 10cm that erases, promote that the healthy and strong branch of the golden mean of the Confucian school is sprouted in bottom; Not erase when the sprouting sprouted as nursery stock grows to 0.8 ~ 1.2cm rudiment within the 10cm of this bud lower end, when young sprout grows to 4.5 ~ 5.5cm, select the strongest young sprout in upper end to do the dry elongated shoot in center, be thinning out competitive branch;
3. bud picking
To erase early in ground to 65 ~ 75cm trunk all rudiments 2 ~ 3 times, and the rudiment that trunk top of erasing is overstocked;
2) Second Year is pruned
1. the process of annual side shoot
According to target tree-like cultivation major branch, as branch gesture is balanced, namely center dry on have more than 3, limb ratio is less than 1: 3, the good side shoot in orientation, then angle of release draws branch directly to cultivate major branch, remove overstocked branch simultaneously, as unbalanced in branch gesture side shoot all to be removed from base portion, also can to the extremely heavy cutting back of this side shoot on the position of cultivating major branch, clip smears consolidant in time;
2. the process of the dry elongated shoot in center
Winter cuts: the dry elongated shoot in center light cutting back as comparatively strong in growing way or not cutting back; The dry elongated shoot in center as more weak in growing way more than its base portion full bud top, 45 ~ 50cm place cutting back, and from center, dry elongated shoot base portion 10cm up carves bud, carves a bud every 3 buds;
Summer cuts: mid-August, carries out pinching to the elongated shoot young sprout do not bound;
3. the process of competitive branch
In late May to early June, when competing young sprout and growing to 10 ~ 15cm, extremely weigh cutting back, namely more than base portion lotus throne leaf, stay 1cm place cutting back, bud can be formed then and grow golden mean of the Confucian school branch;
4. the process of major branch
Summer cuts: polishing rear center is done to the branch again sprouted, according to target tree-like major branch of selecting and remain, and carries out a label, start to draw branch, angle 120 ° when growing to 48 ~ 52cm when major branch grows to 18 ~ 22cm; Mid-August carries out pinching to the major branch young sprout do not bound;
Autumn draws branch: early August starts to draw branch to major branch, angle 120 °;
3) within the 3rd year, prune
1. the process of the dry elongated shoot in center
The dry elongated shoot in center cutting back as comparatively strong light in growing way or not cutting back, as more weak in growing way at 45 ~ 50cm place full bud top cutting back, and carry out bud at quarter, deflorate;
2. the process of major branch
(1) continue to cultivate major branch, removed thick overstocked branch;
(2) on major branch, cultivate sagging loose shape fruit bearing shoot, homonymy adjacent bonds fruit branch spacing 18 ~ 22cm by every meter by the target of 8 ~ 12, remove major branch Shang Ju center do 20cm within branch, and start to carve bud, also can smear branching promoter for plant, promote sprouting of lateral bud;
(3) process of major branch back branch, as both sides remove from base portion without culture space, as both sides have culture space to carry out base portion girdling, by branch or draw branch to cultivate sagging fruit bearing shoot;
(4) when prosperous by force on major branch elongated shoot grows to 30 ~ 40cm, cut the tender tip of front end 8 ~ 12cm, 2 ~ 4 little brachyplasts can be sprouted in rear portion, extremely weigh cutting back again when little brachyplast grows to 8 ~ 12cm again, can become colored then.
4) within the 4 to six year, prune
1. center is done and the process of major branch
Now the height of tree reaches 2.8 ~ 3.5m, and major branch has reached 15 ~ 22, adjacent main interval between branch 10 ~ 20cm; , light cutting back or not cutting back are carried out to the dry elongated shoot in center and the according to target tree-like requirement of major branch;
2. the process of fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Do beyond 20cm at major branch Shang Ju center and cultivate middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, fruit-bearing shoot cluster growing point controls below 20, and cut to lengthen is at below 50cm, and branch level is below 4 grades of branches, and the branch of bottom major branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster is apart from ground more than 30cm; Fruit-bearing shoot cluster is distributed quantity every meter 8 ~ 12 on major branch, and front portion accounts for 33 ~ 38%, and middle part accounts for 45 ~ 50%, and rear portion accounts for 14 ~ 20%; For the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that growing way is stronger, the first older putting is not cut, and Second Year carries out cutting back to elongated shoot; For the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that growing way is more weak, get rid of to put for years and do not cut, give free rein to growth, facilitate brachyplast to yield positive results.
5) developmental branch is pruned
1. branch is rolled over
Mid-July carries out folding branch to the developmental branch on skeleton branch, and namely roll over downwards at branch base portion 5cm place, fracture 1/2 to 2/3 of branch, branch angle is made to hang down into 120 ~ 130 °, change shoot growth direction, hinder its nutrition to transport downwards, accumulation nutrition promotes flower_bud formation;
2. cutting back in spray, promotes that rear portion becomes flower
Mid-July, to giving over to the developmental branch of fruit bearing shoot when branch grows to 40cm, carries out middle cutting back to branch, cuts 1/3 of spray, after short before pressing down, make clip rear portion bud have grace time to accumulate nutrition, can form 1 ~ 2 bud then at clip rear portion;
3. before break spray top, back heavy carves bud, inspires brachyplast, and slow gesture becomes flower
Spring, to the biennial strong prosperous developmental branch of more than 50cm, when branch terminal bud grows to 3 ~ 5cm, gets rid of terminal bud, and carries out bud at quarter to rear portion bud, makes whole branch change into golden mean of the Confucian school stalwartness by prosperous by force, inspires brachyplast, and slow gesture becomes flower;
4. close raw point is cut
Concentrate multiple leaf buds of close life to be commonly called as close raw point in elongated shoot front end, weak branch, before resin flowing, is cut close raw point after the flowing of enriching shoot resin, is made elongated shoot normal growth, uniaxial extension, expand tree crown.
6) prune the full bearing period
The full bearing period mainly controls tree crown, improves illumination condition, stablizes tree vigo(u)r, intense adjustment fruit-bearing shoot cluster, ensures orchard in-group's light; Along with the growth of the age of tree, to remove on trunk diameter more than the bough of 2.5cm in good time, accomplish " upper rare lower close, outer rare interior close, the rare sprig of bough is close ".
Claims (6)
1. an elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, it is characterized in that: overall tree-like in elongated pinecone shape, closes on the height of tree 3.5 ~ 4.5m in the full bearing period, major branch number 25 ~ 30; Fall the height of tree 2.8 ~ 3m after head, high 1.0 ~ the 1.5m of trunk, major branch number 18 ~ 22, major branch spreading angle 110 ° ~ 130 °, tree crown top major branch length 50 ~ 70cm, tree crown bottom major branch length 110 ~ 130cm, major branch spacing 10 ~ 20cm, major branch is around trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 3 ~ 6, and branch group is 1: 5 ~ 7 with major branch ratio.
2. elongated pinecone shape apple according to claim 1 is tree-like, it is characterized in that: major branch spreading angle 115 ° ~ 125 °, tree crown bottom major branch length 115 ~ 125cm, tree crown top major branch length 55 ~ 65cm, major branch spacing 12 ~ 18cm, major branch is around trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 4 ~ 5, and branch group is 1: 5.5 ~ 6.5 with major branch ratio.
3. the trimming method that described in claim 1 or 2, elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, after apple sapling being pressed seeding row spacing 2 ~ 3m × 4 ~ 5m field planting, its tree-like pruning comprises the following steps:
1) First Year is pruned
1. surely do
Height of seedling, when 100 ~ 120cm, is done surely at the full bud place of 85 ~ 95cm, and height of seedling is when 120 ~ 150cm, fixed dry at 105 ~ 115cm place; Carve a bud from apart from 65 ~ 75cm trunk place, ground every a bud after calmly doing, carve the 4th bud to clip, inspire 3 ~ 5 branches; A label is started, the strong angle of release of shoot growth gesture 90 °, the slightly slow strong angle of release 70 ° of shoot growth gesture as long branch to 18 ~ 22cm; As long branch to 48 ~ 52cm, start branch angle 120 °;
2. indefinite dry
When the sprouting that nursery stock sprouts grows to 0.8 ~ 1.2cm, stay a strong tender shoots in upper end to do the dry elongated shoot in center, rudiment within this bud lower end 10cm that erases, promote that the healthy and strong branch of the golden mean of the Confucian school is sprouted in bottom; Not erase when the sprouting sprouted as nursery stock grows to 0.8 ~ 1.2cm rudiment within the 10cm of this bud lower end, when young sprout grows to 4.5 ~ 5.5cm, select the strongest young sprout in upper end to do the dry elongated shoot in center, be thinning out competitive branch;
3. bud picking
To erase early in ground to 65 ~ 75cm trunk all rudiments 2 ~ 3 times, and the rudiment that trunk top of erasing is overstocked;
2) Second Year is pruned
1. the process of annual side shoot
According to target tree-like cultivation major branch, as branch gesture is balanced, namely center dry on have more than 3, limb ratio is less than 1: 3 and the good side shoot in orientation, then angle of release draws branch directly to cultivate major branch, remove overstocked branch simultaneously, as unbalanced in branch gesture side shoot all to be removed from base portion, also can to the extremely heavy cutting back of this side shoot on the position of cultivating major branch, clip smears consolidant in time;
2. the process of the dry elongated shoot in center
Winter cuts: the dry elongated shoot in center light cutting back as comparatively strong in growing way or not cutting back; The dry elongated shoot in center as more weak in growing way more than its base portion full bud top, 45 ~ 50cm place cutting back, and from center, dry elongated shoot base portion 10cm up carves bud, carves a bud every 3 buds;
Summer cuts: mid-August, carries out pinching to the elongated shoot young sprout do not bound;
3. the process of competitive branch
In late May to early June, when competing young sprout and growing to 10 ~ 15cm, extremely weigh cutting back, namely more than base portion lotus throne leaf, stay 1cm place cutting back, bud can be formed then and grow golden mean of the Confucian school branch;
4. the process of major branch
Summer cuts: polishing rear center is done to the branch again sprouted, according to target tree-like major branch of selecting and remain, and carries out a label, start to draw branch, angle 120 ° when growing to 48 ~ 52cm when major branch grows to 18 ~ 22cm; Mid-August carries out pinching to the major branch young sprout do not bound;
Autumn draws branch: early August starts to draw branch to major branch, angle 120 °;
3) within the 3rd year, prune
1. the process of the dry elongated shoot in center
The dry elongated shoot in center cutting back as comparatively strong light in growing way or not cutting back, as more weak in growing way at 45 ~ 50cm place full bud top cutting back, and carry out bud at quarter, deflorate;
2. the process of major branch
(1) continue to cultivate major branch, removed thick overstocked branch;
(2) on major branch, cultivate sagging loose shape fruit bearing shoot by the target of every meter 8 ~ 12, homonymy adjacent bonds fruit branch spacing 18 ~ 22cm, remove major branch Shang Ju center do 20cm within branch, and start to carve bud, also can smear branching promoter for plant, promote sprouting of lateral bud;
(3) process of major branch back branch, as both sides remove from base portion without culture space, as both sides have culture space to carry out base portion girdling, by branch or draw branch to cultivate sagging fruit bearing shoot;
(4) when prosperous by force on major branch elongated shoot grows to 30 ~ 40cm, cut the tender tip of front end 8 ~ 12cm, 2 ~ 4 little brachyplasts can be sprouted in rear portion, extremely weigh cutting back again when little brachyplast grows to 8 ~ 12cm again, can become colored then.
4. the trimming method that elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like according to claim 3, is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
4) within the 4 to six year, prune
1. center is done and the process of major branch
Now the height of tree reaches 2.8 ~ 3.5m, and major branch has reached 15 ~ 22, adjacent main interval between branch 10 ~ 20cm; , light cutting back or not cutting back are carried out to the dry elongated shoot in center and the according to target tree-like requirement of major branch;
2. the process of fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Do beyond 20cm at major branch Shang Ju center and cultivate middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, fruit-bearing shoot cluster growing point controls below 20, and cut to lengthen is at below 50cm, and branch level is below 4 grades of branches, and the branch of bottom major branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster is apart from ground more than 30cm; Fruit-bearing shoot cluster is distributed quantity every meter 8 ~ 12 on major branch, and front portion accounts for 33 ~ 38%, and middle part accounts for 45 ~ 50%, and rear portion accounts for 14 ~ 20%; For the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that growing way is stronger, the first older putting is not cut, and Second Year carries out cutting back to elongated shoot; For the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that growing way is more weak, get rid of to put for years and do not cut, give free rein to growth, facilitate brachyplast to yield positive results.
5. the trimming method that elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like according to claim 4, is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
5) developmental branch is pruned
1. branch is rolled over
Mid-July carries out folding branch to the developmental branch on skeleton branch, and namely roll over downwards at branch base portion 5cm place, fracture 1/2 to 2/3 of branch, branch angle is made to hang down into 120 ~ 130 °, change shoot growth direction, hinder its nutrition to transport downwards, accumulation nutrition promotes flower_bud formation;
2. cutting back in spray, promotes that rear portion becomes flower
Mid-July, to giving over to the developmental branch of fruit bearing shoot when branch grows to 40cm, carries out middle cutting back to branch, cuts 1/3 of spray, after short before pressing down, make clip rear portion bud have grace time to accumulate nutrition, can form 1 ~ 2 bud then at clip rear portion;
3. before break spray top, back heavy carves bud
Spring, to the biennial strong prosperous developmental branch of more than 50cm, when branch terminal bud grows to 3 ~ 5cm, gets rid of terminal bud, and carries out bud at quarter to rear portion bud, makes whole branch change into golden mean of the Confucian school stalwartness by prosperous by force, inspires brachyplast, and slow gesture becomes flower;
4. close raw point is cut
Elongated shoot front end concentrates multiple leaf buds of close life to be commonly called as close raw point, and weak branch cuts close raw point before resin flowing, after the flowing of enriching shoot resin, makes elongated shoot normal growth, uniaxial extension, expands tree crown.
6. the trimming method that elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like according to claim 5, is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
6) prune the full bearing period
The full bearing period mainly controls tree crown, improves illumination condition, stablizes tree vigo(u)r, intense adjustment fruit-bearing shoot cluster, ensures orchard in-group's light; Along with the growth of the age of tree, to remove on trunk diameter more than the bough of 2.5cm in good time, accomplish " upper rare lower close, outer rare interior close, the rare sprig of bough is close ".
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510857554.8A CN105493915B (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | Elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510857554.8A CN105493915B (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | Elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105493915A true CN105493915A (en) | 2016-04-20 |
| CN105493915B CN105493915B (en) | 2018-04-20 |
Family
ID=55702536
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510857554.8A Active CN105493915B (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | Elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105493915B (en) |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069544A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 烟台现代果业科学研究院 | Reversely hung Yong tower pine shape cultivation of fruit tree method |
| CN106134894A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-23 | 李强 | A kind of Vigorating compact planting cultural method of apple tree |
| CN106342641A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 山东农业大学 | Culture method of high-spindle shaped Chinese apples |
| CN106416874A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 山东农业大学 | Apple semi-modernity orchard reconstruction method |
| CN106416883A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-02-22 | 塔里木大学 | Method for promoting generation of flower buds of apple in sandy land |
| CN106416918A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-02-22 | 张传军 | Bead curtain type branch group culture method of apples |
| CN106489642A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-03-15 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of short anvil young Fuji apple tree control hat promotees flower high yield method |
| CN106489647A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-15 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process |
| CN106982698A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-28 | 惠民县新东方现代农业有限责任公司 | A kind of elm pruning method |
| CN107182580A (en) * | 2017-04-23 | 2017-09-22 | 安徽省元圩现代农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of apple tree-pruning administrative skill |
| CN107637407A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 孙考义 | Fruit tree fence type implantation methods |
| CN108522125A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-14 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A method of suitable for the perennial bough angle of release of pergola system fruit tree |
| CN108781858A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 冯海明 | One planting fruit-trees natural equilibrium stays branch containing to fall a method |
| CN110036816A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-23 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | The tree-like shaping and trimming method of intercropping mode column |
| CN111096189A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-05 | 王天勇 | Apple tree shaping, trimming and managing technology |
| CN111466251A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-31 | 莱州市丰果生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for dwarfing apple bag-free cultivation high-yield tree form and fruiting branch group |
| CN112997727A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-22 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Apple competitive branch pinching recycling technical method |
| CN114097458A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | 烟台现代果业发展有限公司 | Apple shaping and trimming method |
| CN114731894A (en) * | 2022-04-30 | 2022-07-12 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Shaping and trimming method for improving sugar degree of east test early pomelo fruit |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109392581B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-03-26 | 山东农业大学 | Three-stage ten-promotion apple dwarf stock close planting method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101023730A (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2007-08-29 | 李国华 | Fruit tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-11-30 CN CN201510857554.8A patent/CN105493915B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101023730A (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2007-08-29 | 李国华 | Fruit tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN101755655A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-06-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陈玉琴等: "苹果松塔树形的整形修剪方法及管理技术措施", 《陕西农业科学》 * |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106134894A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-23 | 李强 | A kind of Vigorating compact planting cultural method of apple tree |
| CN106069544A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 烟台现代果业科学研究院 | Reversely hung Yong tower pine shape cultivation of fruit tree method |
| CN106342641B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-04-20 | 山东农业大学 | High spindle-shaped cultivation method for Chinese apples |
| CN106342641A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 山东农业大学 | Culture method of high-spindle shaped Chinese apples |
| CN106416874A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 山东农业大学 | Apple semi-modernity orchard reconstruction method |
| CN106416874B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-07-13 | 山东农业大学 | Apple semi-modern orchard transformation method |
| CN106416883A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-02-22 | 塔里木大学 | Method for promoting generation of flower buds of apple in sandy land |
| CN106489642A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-03-15 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of short anvil young Fuji apple tree control hat promotees flower high yield method |
| CN106489647B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-03-05 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Red bayberry branch trims maintenance process |
| CN106489647A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-15 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process |
| CN106416918A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-02-22 | 张传军 | Bead curtain type branch group culture method of apples |
| CN106982698A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-28 | 惠民县新东方现代农业有限责任公司 | A kind of elm pruning method |
| CN107182580A (en) * | 2017-04-23 | 2017-09-22 | 安徽省元圩现代农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of apple tree-pruning administrative skill |
| CN107637407A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 孙考义 | Fruit tree fence type implantation methods |
| CN108522125A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-14 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A method of suitable for the perennial bough angle of release of pergola system fruit tree |
| CN108522125B (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2020-09-11 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method suitable for opening angle of perennial big branch of fruit tree cultivated in shed frame |
| CN108781858A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 冯海明 | One planting fruit-trees natural equilibrium stays branch containing to fall a method |
| CN110036816A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-23 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | The tree-like shaping and trimming method of intercropping mode column |
| CN110036816B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2021-06-04 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Method for pruning columnar tree form in intercropping mode |
| CN111096189A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-05 | 王天勇 | Apple tree shaping, trimming and managing technology |
| CN111466251A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-31 | 莱州市丰果生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for dwarfing apple bag-free cultivation high-yield tree form and fruiting branch group |
| CN112997727A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-22 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Apple competitive branch pinching recycling technical method |
| CN114097458A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | 烟台现代果业发展有限公司 | Apple shaping and trimming method |
| CN114731894A (en) * | 2022-04-30 | 2022-07-12 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Shaping and trimming method for improving sugar degree of east test early pomelo fruit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105493915B (en) | 2018-04-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105493915A (en) | Elongated pinecone apple tree form and trimming method thereof | |
| CN101755655B (en) | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof | |
| CN103461055B (en) | High-light-effect tree shape shaping trimming method for close planting peach trees | |
| CN102577899B (en) | Kiwi fruit tree form with single trunk and double main tendrils and shaping trimming method of kiwi fruit tree form | |
| CN102657056B (en) | Downward-arrowhead-shaped tree shape of pear tree and shaping method for same | |
| CN108094029B (en) | A kind of method of the tree-like cultivation peach of the double trunks of high level cadre's Y shape | |
| CN103503735B (en) | Method for pruning densely-planted large cherry tree to form high photosynthetic efficiency tree form | |
| CN104160906A (en) | Peach tree shaping and trimming method | |
| CN102017883B (en) | Early-bearing high-yield shaping method for carya illinoensis | |
| CN104255366B (en) | The tree-like form culture method of peach in-line Labor-saving | |
| CN103392554B (en) | Balanced shaping and pruning method for grapevine | |
| CN103053378B (en) | Shed pear tree fruiting branch group and culturing method thereof | |
| CN104472297B (en) | A kind of Y word Salix babylonica L. shape apple tree form and pruning method thereof | |
| CN103299875B (en) | V-shaped grape trellis and grape cultivation method | |
| CN105684820A (en) | Method for building and managing famous tea mechanical plucking tea garden | |
| CN103430800A (en) | Early-fruiting walnut dwarfing cultivating method | |
| CN106069558A (en) | A kind of climing T-shaped of low master flat frame Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like and construction method | |
| CN101341839B (en) | Plate-like tidying and pruning method for peach | |
| CN104160915A (en) | High-density labor-saving shaping cultivation method for grape vine | |
| CN107371965B (en) | Tuning fork-shaped pear tree shape and shaping and trimming method thereof | |
| CN102318481A (en) | Cultivation method of high-bole sinojackia xylocarpa | |
| CN106069546B (en) | A kind of light simplified pruning method of Japanese plum | |
| CN103348875A (en) | Pear tree form shaped like Chinese character 'Mi' and shaping method thereof | |
| CN1602666A (en) | Fruit tree 'lean to one side' cultivation and management method | |
| CN106613417A (en) | Chinese prickly ash tree trimming method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |