CN106489647B - Red bayberry branch trims maintenance process - Google Patents
Red bayberry branch trims maintenance process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106489647B CN106489647B CN201610944607.4A CN201610944607A CN106489647B CN 106489647 B CN106489647 B CN 106489647B CN 201610944607 A CN201610944607 A CN 201610944607A CN 106489647 B CN106489647 B CN 106489647B
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- branch
- trimming
- red bayberry
- fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
A kind of red bayberry branch trimming maintenance process, it is characterized by comprising following steps: 1. determining plant for pruning and trimming period, plant for pruning: the strawberry tree of tall and big, the interior thorax illumination difference of tree body, select strawberry tree on adnation position is unreasonable, direction of extension is undesirable, the branch of 1.5~4cm of base portion rugosity；Trimming period: after red bayberry harvesting terminates, before meteorological " entering the hottest period of the summer ", in the fine day or more dry cloudy day is selected to be trimmed；2. cut operation longitudinally portrays 3 or more with cutter on branch and portray line to selected branch, line is portrayed as deep as xylem, the branch by portraying then is held, firmly reverses, and takes advantage of a situation and changes the direction of extension of branch, until being rotated up to desired position；3. the maintenance after trimming.The present invention has the advantages that easy to operate, trimming effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of red bayberry cultural method more particularly to the methods of the trimming of red bayberry branch and subsequent maintenance.
Background technique
Red bayberry (Myrica rubra) is the distinctive evergreen fruit trees of south China, as economic forest be mainly cultivated in Zhejiang,
The provinces such as Jiangsu, Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong.Red bayberry cultivation includes the multinomial production link such as shaping and trimming.In trimming, use
Method have bud picking (except sprouting), pinching, short cut, prune off and (dredge and delete), retraction, draw branch and support branch (hanging branch), band girdle and girdling (laterally
Carve wound, lose money instead of making money skin, thick iron wire squeezes out), be completely cured.
There are many trimming for strawberry tree, document report.Relevant patent of invention is quite a few, such as but knows clever " red bayberry landscape
The formative method of tree " (application number 201410775679.1, publication number CN104396602A), " one kind is convenient for suspension for woods flag China etc.
The strawberry tree pruning method of fly net " (application number 201410723625.0, publication number CN104521659A), Weng Zejun are " a kind of
The method of big black wood charcoal red bayberry high-yield cultivating " (application number 201410120186.4, publication number CN103960101A), gloomy seedling of beam etc.
" a kind of red bayberry downgrade tree-like breeding method " (application number 201510453967.X, publication number CN105010074A).These texts
It offers or the related trimming content of patent is all conventional published method.
Above-mentioned pruning method can solve the problems, such as conventional red bayberry trimming.But tree shortening trimming big to red bayberry, strong up and weak down poplar
When Japanese apricot happily trims (also known as blank trimming), thorax covers tree-pruning in tree crown, only it not can solve with these pruning methods
Whole issue.Trimming is not achieved according to the method pruned off or bounced back in branch i.e. unreasonable to the position of some medium-coarses
Purpose does not cut if retaining and gives free rein to adjusting and be obviously unable to benign development, if band girdle is difficult to adjust the direction of extension of branch.
It has been found that being trimmed in existing literature using the method for branch is drawn, such as application No. is in 201510329845.X
State's invention patent application publication " a kind of plantation pruning method of water chestnut red bayberry " (105028080 A of application publication number CN)；May be used also
" a kind of red bayberry falls that " crowd " is tree-like to trim and cultivation side to the Chinese invention patent application for being 201510760032.6 with application reference number
Method " (application publication number CN105309267A).But because drawing the branch elasticity after branch big, one loosens branch, and direction of extension is easy
It restoring, while it is more troublesome to draw branch to operate, labor intensity is larger, therefore is then difficult to operate and is not easy to take effect using drawing branch,
Trimming effect is not achieved.
Bent branch is a kind of pruning method, also there is application on red bayberry, " Zhejiang south red bayberry cultivates practical technique " (Fang Haitao,
2015) pruning method of a kind of " bent branch " is listed in p73: " bent branch changes branch direction.Mainly increase line perpendicular to the ground
Angle until horizontal also include that left and right changes direction.Angular divergence can obviously weaken apical dominance, improve rudiment power, reduce
Branch growing way gap to be sent out, auxin, similar gibberellin are reduced, nitrogen content is few and carbohydrate increases, and ethylene contents increase, because
And the angle of the first transaction of a day's business branch is conducive to the formation of bud.It is reacted from tree body, tree crown can be expanded, improve illumination condition.Utilize long shoot
After angle of release result is sagging, be conducive to nearly basal shoot rejuvenating.On treelet and firstfruits tree, spreading angle is to promote treelet early bearing
High yield, the common method for simplifying trimming." understand from its word content, " bent branch " here is clearly to treelet and firstfruits tree
Draw the pruning method of branch or support branch etc.
And we have found that the not good strawberry tree of some monographs carries out turning round branch and injured is trimmed." red bayberry " (Miao Songlin etc.,
1987) recorded on p130: " tree vigo(u)r is controlled using the method for turning round branch and injured, promote flower_bud formation and improve percentage of fertile fruit and
Yield.It turns round that branch is that branch one end is motionless and the other end is torqued into certain angle clockwise, injures xylem and bast.
Injured is to be bent to orthostatic branch hand to horizontal direction, injures xylem and bast.Since red bayberry branch is crisp, operation
Later fracture rate and the death rate it is very high, even if summer and autumn branch than it is more flexible when carry out, also inevitably its disadvantage.So general
It does not use easily." " red bayberry " (Zheng Yongping, 2002) say on p136: " it is new that the controls such as branch, injured are commonly turned round on other fruit trees
The method of tip growth, should not use on red bayberry, because red bayberry branch is crisp easily broken, fracture rate and the death rate of branch after operation
It is very high, though branch than it is more flexible when it is no exception, do not used so production is much upper." " red bayberry technique for cultivating high-quality and high-yield "
The monographs such as (how continue China etc., 2008), " figure says red bayberry efficiency cultivation technology for high " (Cheng Xiaojian etc., 2008) have similar elaboration.It can
See, the methods of existing torsion branch, Qu Zhi, folding branch directly turn round the operation of branch (bent branch, injured), change its direction of extension, fracture rate
Very high with the death rate, expert is it is not recommended that use.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of easy to operate and to poplar the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to be provided for the above-mentioned state of the art
Japanese apricot damages small red bayberry branch trimming maintenance process.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the big tree shortening trimming of a kind of suitable red bayberry, strong up and weak down
The red bayberry branch trimming maintenance process that strawberry tree is happily trimmed, thorax covers tree-pruning in tree crown, can obtain good technology effect
Fruit.
The technical scheme of the invention to solve the technical problem is: a kind of red bayberry branch trims maintenance process,
It is characterized in that including the following steps:
1. determining plant for pruning and trimming period:
Plant for pruning: the strawberry tree of tall and big, the interior thorax illumination difference of tree body, select strawberry tree on adnation position it is unreasonable, stretching, extension
Direction is undesirable, 1.5~4cm of base portion rugosity branch；
Trimming period: after red bayberry harvesting terminates, and before meteorological " entering the hottest period of the summer ", selection drying in fine day or more
Cloudy day is trimmed；
2. cut operation
To selected branch, longitudinally portrayed on branch with cutter side by side at least 3 portray line, every is portrayed line along branch
Length direction portrays line as deep as xylem, then holds the branch by portraying, firmly reverse, and takes advantage of a situation and change stretching for branch
Direction is opened up, until being rotated up to desired position, after trimming, branch is light or heavy, and to will cause near middle at torsion upward convex
It rises, is curved under both ends, forming the back of a bow, hunchbacked half root branch of front is sagging；
3. the maintenance after trimming
The inappropriate rudiment of position and direction on the timely back of a bow of erasing；Rudiment to the growth golden mean of the Confucian school retains a part, quantity
Normal growth and development is influenced not cover significantly mutually for degree；To the rudiment that branch base portion occurs, selects and remain 1~2 and protected
It stays and cultivates, retain the branch that hunchbacked half root of front is in sagging gesture；
After the harvesting of second year Waxberry fruit, if other fruit-bearing shoot clusters or fruitful branch that the branch is nearby cultivated still are paid no attention to
Think, and the branch itself is not apparent from weak again, then continues to retain, it is made to continue result afterwards；If what the branch was nearby cultivated
Other fruit-bearing shoot clusters or fruitful branch, it is more satisfactory, as a result, then can be wiped out or be sawed and remove after being conducive to.
Step 1. described in strawberry tree can be carry out the big tree of red bayberry of shortening trimming, prepare happily to trim it is upper it is strong under
The strawberry tree that thorax covers in weak strawberry tree or tree crown.
Further, step 1. described in trimming period Zhejiang be mid-June to mid-July.
Further, step 2. described in line number amount of portraying be that the branch that is characterized to certain root makes an inspection tour statistics gained after a week
Portray line number value.
Preferably, step 2. described in line of portraying be substantially parallel to each other.
Further, step 2. described in branch torsion when tearing branch, handled as follows: the first cleaning significantly branch that stabs out
Then diseases prevention medicament is sprayed, after drying, then with film bundling in part.
Further, step 3. described in trimming after maintenance further include following steps: second year Waxberry fruit harvesting after,
It further cultivates in that 1~2 branch that alternative branch base portion is selected and remain as side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Further, step 3. described in trimming after maintenance further include following steps: the branch of processing will be facilitated every year
More fruitings, when the branch base portion side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster cause significantly to adversely affect to other shoot growth development around, together
When its nearby other fruit-bearing shoot cluster is deleted the branch reversed from hunchbacked base portion when being trained, or in addition to reservation base portion institute
Outside the side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster that 1~2 branch selected and remain is trained, eliminate entirely.
Further, step 3. described in inappropriate rudiment be the rudiment intensively occurred, the rudiment of surging growth on the back of a bow,
Rudiment obviously stretched to same direction and raw or the rudiment for having significant machinery wound or pest and disease damage.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
1. existing torsion branch, bent branch or folding branch, and have no by carving wound and directly operated, it is easy to break that there is branches
The defects of disconnected, direction of extension is not easily controlled.And red bayberry branch of the present invention is longitudinally carved after hurting, branch torsion becomes to be easier to,
And branch direction of extension is easily controllable.
2. method is easy, easy to learn, on strawberry tree, one can smoothly carry out operation.
3. the branch handled with the present invention is torqued into reasonable direction (angle), it is trained a fruit-bearing shoot cluster for the year.
This is equivalent to compared with cultivating a fruit-bearing shoot cluster since shoot and needing 2 or three years time and shortens the culture time limit.
4. the disposable quantity for deleting bough, middle branch can be reduced thorax in strawberry tree, strawberry tree is avoided to produce because of excessively trimming
It gives birth to violent pruning reaction and largely sprouts new buds, thus entire effect current year bud differentiation.
5. reducing the big the number of wounds of trimming current year, it is conducive to clip (saw kerf) and heals, and advantageously reduce disease pest and infect
Chance.
It is irradiated 6. the branch that the present invention is retained plays the role of certain burning sun that blocks, can reduce or mitigate interior thorax bark and burn
Hurt probability and degree of burning.
7. the branch trimmed through the present invention, next year easy fruiting, and it is easily trained high quality fruit because shoot growth gesture is not vigorous,
The result utilization rate of the branch is improved, so that whole strain strawberry tree be made to remain more commodity fruits.
8. the branch reversed with the present invention, than stronger, is climbed due to relatively sturdy convenient for the hand later when red bayberry harvests
Foot steps on the hook with fruit basket fruit basket, is actually conducive to the working efficiency for improving Waxberry fruit picking.
9. direction of extension changes, growth weakens, and is conducive to flower_bud formation and yields positive results, and can keep for one to several years, has
Conducive to the contradiction that fruiting amount substantially reduces due to shearing big branch is alleviated, to keep certain economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment, the first step determine plant for pruning and trimming period
Plant for pruning: to the big tree of red bayberry for carrying out shortening trimming, or prepare the upper of happy trimming (blank trimming)
The strawberry tree that thorax covers in weak strawberry tree or tree crown under strong selects that adnation position is unreasonable, direction of extension is undesirable (as straight
The strong and raw branch of vertical property is more), the branch of 1.5~4cm of base portion rugosity.The middle and lower part baldness of these branches or growth and development are healthy and strong
Sprig is rare, and middle and upper part sprig is more.This kind of strawberry tree generally has tree body taller and bigger, the poor defect of interior thorax illumination.This
Class branch does not cut (saw) if retaining, the basic object of shearing big branch is obviously not achieved；If but it is cut into (saw) from base portion and is removed,
Then seem hollow again around this, thus, this law trimming can be used in this kind of branch.
Trimming period:, should be before meteorological " entering the hottest period of the summer " after red bayberry harvesting terminates in a period of time.The specific time is in Zhejiang
River is when mid-June to mid-July (other red bayberry producing regions should be reasonably adjusted according to local climate condition).Preferably fine day or compared with
It is trimmed for the dry cloudy day.
Second step, cut operation
To selected branch, with carpenter's Special cutting knife or other cutters, side by side 3~10 are meticulously longitudinally portrayed on branch
Item is portrayed line (setting-out of branch thicker moment is preferably more, and the thinner moment setting-out of branch can be lacked, flexibly grasp), and every to portray line long along branch
Direction arrangement is spent, as deep as xylem (branch is relatively thick preferably partially deep, and branch more carefully can be partially shallow).Line number amount is portrayed in longitudinal direction to be characterized to certain root
Branch tour count resulting after a week and portray line number value.Then the branch by portraying with the hands is held, is firmly reversed, and
It takes advantage of a situation and changes the direction of extension of branch, until being rotated up to desired position.So after trimming, branch is light or heavy to will cause torsion
Turn near middle raise upward, " back of a bow " curved under both ends.At this moment, hunchbacked half root branch of front is slight sag.
Third step, the maintenance after trimming
Some rudiments easily occur on the back of a bow, should be erased in time the inappropriate rudiment of position and direction (as what is intensively occurred sprouts
Bud, the rudiment of surging growth on the back of a bow, hence it is evident that rudiment stretch to same direction and raw has sprouting for significant machinery wound or pest and disease damage
Bud, etc.)；Rudiment to the growth golden mean of the Confucian school, can suitably retain a part, quantity influences normal growth not cover significantly mutually
Development is degree.To the rudiment that branch base portion occurs, it can take the circumstances into consideration to select and remain 1~2 and retained and cultivated.And half root branch of hunchbacked front
Item, because being in sagging gesture, growth potential can obviously weaken, and be conducive to summer and autumn and form bud, and in the second annual bearing.
After the harvesting of second year Waxberry fruit, if other fruit-bearing shoot clusters or fruitful branch that this is nearby cultivated are still undesirable,
And the branch itself is not apparent from weak again, then can continue to retain, it is made to continue result afterwards.In this year and several thereafter years, the branch
That 1~2 branch that base portion is selected and remain can be cultivated further as side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
The branch handled through this law, will facilitate more fruitings every year.When its base portion side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster are to other branch around
Growth and development causes significantly to adversely affect, at the same its nearby other fruit-bearing shoot cluster has been trained, at this moment, can be being reversed
Branch is deleted from hunchbacked base portion, or the side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster that are trained in addition to retaining that 1~2 branch that base portion is selected and remain
Outside, it eliminates entirely.
Note: primary property this law torsion branch cannot be used too many on same strain strawberry tree, otherwise still there is interior thorax to cover
Suspicion.
It when vertical quarter, portrays and wants substantially parallel between line, must not intersect, otherwise easy tearing bark and wood when branch reverses
Matter portion, and it is unfavorable for shoot growth development.If accidentally tearing branch, after clearing up the branch part significantly stabbed out, spray
Common diseases prevention medicament (such as carbendazim, Bravo, Mancozeb) is spilt, after drying, then with film bundling, rainwater is prevented to penetrate into,
It prevents from infecting, promotes wound healing.
It can be exerted oneself gesture according to the relative position of branch and trimming personnel, or the habit of trimming personnel, branch is clockwise
It (being watched from branch taper to base portion) or counterclockwise reverses, and combines direction of extension expected from branch, control degree of rotation,
To obtain optimal torsion effect.
Method according to the present embodiment, it is specifically real in Cixi City bureau of agriculture red bayberry production show area in 2014~2016 years
It applies.Be carried out branch growth gesture decrease, bud differentiation is good, next year fruiting situation it is normal (but because half root branch of front is slightly sagging, fruit
The real maturity period averagely postpones 2 days or so than complete stool, and fruit quality is excellent)；So far not yet torsion branch is carried out from the back of a bow
Half is deleted or carries out training deletion from base portion.By science control, the branch formed is reasonably distributed for rudiment.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of red bayberry branch trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
1. determining plant for pruning and trimming period:
Plant for pruning: the strawberry tree of tall and big, the interior thorax illumination difference of tree body selects on strawberry tree that adnation position is unreasonable, direction of extension
Undesirable, 1.5~4cm of base portion rugosity branch；
Trimming period: after red bayberry harvesting terminates, and before meteorological " entering the hottest period of the summer ", in the fine day or more dry cloudy day is selected
It is trimmed；
2. cut operation
To selected branch, longitudinally portrayed on branch with cutter side by side at least 3 portray line, every is portrayed line along branch length
It portrays line and then holds the branch by portraying as deep as xylem, firmly reverse, and take advantage of a situation and change the stretching, extension side of branch in direction
To, until being rotated up to desired position, after trimming, branch is light or heavy will cause near middle at torsion raise upward, two
It is curved under end, the back of a bow is formed, hunchbacked half root branch of front is sagging；
3. the maintenance after trimming
The inappropriate rudiment of position and direction on the timely back of a bow of erasing；Rudiment to the growth golden mean of the Confucian school retains a part, and quantity is with phase
It does not cover significantly mutually and influences normal growth and development for degree；To branch base portion occur rudiment, select and remain 1~2 is retained with
Culture retains the branch that hunchbacked half root of front is in sagging gesture；
After the harvesting of second year Waxberry fruit, if other fruit-bearing shoot clusters or fruitful branch that the branch is nearby cultivated are still undesirable, and
The branch itself is not apparent from weak again, then continues to retain, it is made to continue result afterwards；If other knots that the branch is nearby cultivated
Fruit branch group or fruitful branch, it is more satisfactory, as a result, then can be wiped out or be sawed and remove after being conducive to.
2. red bayberry branch according to claim 1 trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 1. described in strawberry tree
The big strawberry tree set, prepare thorax concealment in the strong up and weak down strawberry tree happily trimmed or tree crown of red bayberry to carry out shortening trimming.
3. red bayberry branch according to claim 1 trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 1. described in trimming when
Phase is mid-June to mid-July in Zhejiang.
4. red bayberry branch according to claim 1 trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 2. described in portray line
Quantity be certain root is characterized branch tour count the resulting numerical value for portraying line after a week.
5. red bayberry branch according to claim 4 trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 2. described in portray line
It is substantially parallel to each other.
6. red bayberry branch according to claim 1 trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 2. described in branch torsion
When tearing branch, handled as follows: first cleaning significantly stab out branch part, then spray diseases prevention medicament, after drying, then with thin
Film wrapping.
7. red bayberry branch according to claim 1 trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 3. described in trimming after
Maintenance further include following steps: second year Waxberry fruit harvesting after, in that 1~2 branch that alternative branch base portion is selected and remain
Further culture is side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
8. red bayberry branch according to claim 1 trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 3. described in trimming after
Maintenance further include following steps: the branch of processing will facilitate more fruitings every year, when the branch base portion side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster pair
Around the development of other shoot growth causes significantly to adversely affect, while it has been when nearby other fruit-bearing shoot cluster has been trained, institute
The branch of torsion is deleted from hunchbacked base portion, or the side shoot or knot that are trained in addition to retaining that 1~2 branch that base portion is selected and remain
Outside fruit branch group, eliminate entirely.
9. red bayberry branch according to claim 1 trims maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 3. described in it is inappropriate
Rudiment be the rudiment intensively occurred, the rudiment of surging growth on the back of a bow, obviously stretched to same direction and raw rudiment or have aobvious
Write the rudiment of machinery wound or pest and disease damage.
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| CN109566099A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-05 | 温州商学院 | A kind of picking robot |
| CN109526526A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-03-29 | 湖南喜杨杨果树种植专业合作社 | A kind of good cultural method of red bayberry fruit tree high yield |
| CN110754283B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2022-10-28 | 湖南瑞生源生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of waxberries |
| CN112154806A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-01-01 | 西咸新区咸恒农业科技有限公司 | Method for promoting upward healthy growth of branches by longitudinally breaking branch surface tissues |
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