CN103749121A - Simplified high-yield cultivation technique for sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land - Google Patents
Simplified high-yield cultivation technique for sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749121A CN103749121A CN201310756286.1A CN201310756286A CN103749121A CN 103749121 A CN103749121 A CN 103749121A CN 201310756286 A CN201310756286 A CN 201310756286A CN 103749121 A CN103749121 A CN 103749121A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simplified high-yield cultivation technique for sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land. A new salt-resistant and alkali-resistant sweet potato variety JIXU 23 is adopted in the saline and alkaline land, and a series of technical means of irrigation and alkali pressing, deep ploughing and alkali breaking, application of organic fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, plastic film mulching, late planting in good time, application of potassium humate fertilizer, seedling soaking with rooting powder, chemical regulation for promoting seedlings in the early period and the like are adopted. The problems of difficulty in protecting seedlings, growth delay, poor product quality and low yield in sweet potato cultivation in the saline and alkaline land with the saline and alkaline content of 0.3%-0.5% are solved, and unification of high yield, high quality and high efficiency of sweet potato cultivation in medium saline and alkaline land is realized. Compared with a conventional cultivation method according to which common varieties are difficult to grow in the medium saline and alkaline land with the saline and alkaline concentration above 0.3% by bare land and plastic film mulching methods and high yield can hardly be obtained even if the common varieties grow, the cultivation method has the advantage that high-yield and high-quality production of the sweet potatoes in the medium saline and alkaline land is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of saline land sweet potato and gently simplify high-yield culture technique, belong to sweet potato planting technology field, saline land.
Background technology
Global solonchak accounts for 1/4 to 1/3 of land surface according to statistics, and in China, from strand to inland, dissimilar salt affected soil is all distributing from lowland to plateau.The gross area of China's saline-alkali soil approximately has more than 500,000,000 mu, that has wherein opened up wasteland has more than 100,000,000 mu, also has the utilization that awaits development of more than 300,000,000 mu of saline land, there is a large amount of waste saline lands the Huanghe delta, only Dongying city just has 5,000,000 mu, wherein more than 60% belong to light middle saline land, salt content is between 0.2%～0.50%.
Sweet potato is the important economic crops of China, forage crop and energy crop, in China's cultivated area, be only second to paddy rice, wheat and maize, along with socioeconomic development, sweet potato is more and more outstanding as the effect of economic crops and energy crop, but sweet potato is the crop of Salt And Alkali Tolerance not, although salt resistance there are differences between kind, most not salt tolerant kinds are can not normal growth even dead in higher than 0.30% soil in salt content.
Sweet potato production main path in saline land is exactly first to carry out carrying out sweet potato plantation after alkaline land improving again at present, the method of alkaline land improving has a lot, as utilized the punching press of pouring water saline and alkaline, plantation Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop reduces saline and alkaline, use in a large number farmyard manures, utilize saline soil etc., the main shortcoming of these methods is exactly that improved effect is slow, and cost is very high.
Current sweet potato cultivation Main Patterns is: (1) fertilising.Generally take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main, every mu with 15～20 kilograms of left and right of potassium sulfate, Shaoshi or substantially without N fertilizer.(2) ridging.Potato seedling is planted first 7～10 days ridgings, plants individually family according to soil moisture content 1 month ridging even in advance.(3) early plant in good time.For obtaining high yield, generally plant after disconnected frost in Shandong, focuses mostly on before and after May 1.But under the condition of saline land, the subject matter that above-mentioned pattern exists is: (1) too early ridging causes on saline and alkaline moving.After ridging, along with moisture evaporation, soil alkaline is climbed to ridge face by soil capillary, and soil salt rises affects potato shoot survival percent and middle and later periods growth.(2) under saline and alkaline condition, growth of sweet potato is slow, and soil lacks N can affect sweet potato leaves and stems growth rate more, and overground part amount of growth deficiency causes soil evaporativeness to strengthen, and moves rear inhibition growth on salinity; (3) salt affected soil heats up slowly, plants too early that soil temperature is low is unfavorable for that sweet potato hairy roots delays seedling.(4) the naked cultivation soil water evaporation of open country amount is large, moves on saline and alkaline, is unfavorable for growth of sweet potato.
Summary of the invention
The Salt And Alkali Tolerance kind that Xu 23 that the object of the present invention is to provide to help is representative, be used in conjunction with saline land sweet potato and gently simplify high-yield culture technique, can be in the soil of salt content 0.3～0.5% normal growth, and acquisition high yield, solved under traditional cultivation pattern, the sweet potato disconnected ridge that is short of seedling seedling stage, mid-term poor growth, the problem that the underproduction is serious.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
Sweet potato is gently simplified high-yield culture technique in a kind of saline land, in saline land, adopt Salt And Alkali Tolerance Sweetpotato Ji Xu 23, pour water and press alkali, the disconnected alkali of deep ploughing, applying organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizer, plastic mulching, plant in good time, use humic acid potassium fertilizer evening, a series of technological means such as root-inducing powder soaks seedling, the short seedling of antecedent chemical regulation and control, the problem that solution is kept a full stand of seedings difficulty, hypoevolutism, poor product quality, yielded poorly in 0.3%～0.5% saline land sweet potato cultivation, realizes high yield, the high-quality, unified efficiently of moderate saline land sweet potato.Comprise the following steps specifically:
(1) select salt tolerant Sweetpotato Ji Xu 23: this kind is that Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy and the cooperation of sweet potato research center, Xuzhou are bred as, within 2010, by the authorization of the Shandong Province variety certification committee, pass through.This kind stem growing way of overgrowing is medium, and branch amount is medium.Color of the leather is purplish red, yellowish pink pure white.Outstanding feature: salt tolerant, waterlogging, drought resisting, high yield, content of starch are high, hills drought unfertile land spring sweet potato starch rate is generally in 23～25% left and right, oven dry rate and starch rate are than Xu high 2 percentage points of left and right of potato 18, potato is dry smooth pure white, starch is high, high resistance sweet potato root rot, in anti-stem eelworm disease, black spot resistance a little less than.Fresh potato output is planted in Plain fertilely still can reach 2500～3000kg.Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta plantation, fresh potato per mu yield 2656.6kg, potato is done per mu yield 777.04kg.This kind is flat area, Delta Region of The Yellow River processing starch, the dry desirable kind of potato.
(2) the pressure alkali of pouring water: plant first 7～10 days, saline land is watered with fresh water, make topsoil soils keep 24h under soaking conditions, be pressed onto below topsoil saline and alkaline.
(3) applying organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizer: after oozing under soil surface is basined irrigation moisture nature, ground can carry out, under the operating condition of field, spreading fertilizer over the fields the farmyard manure 6～8m becoming thoroughly decomposed
3/ 666.7m
2, urea 15～20kg/666.7m
2.
(4) the disconnected alkali of deep ploughing: after fertilising, field is ploughed deeply, the degree of depth is 30～35cm, and spoiled soil capillary reduces the evaporation of soil moisture, reduces the infiltration of soil alkaline to topsoil.
(5) ridging, overlay film: carry out smooth, ridging after ploughing deeply, row spacing 85～95cm, the high 25～30cm in ridge, ridge face width 20～30cm.After ridging, with plastic film, cover surface, ridge immediately, to reduce on soil water evaporation and salinity, move, and lay irrigate band under film.
(6) plant evening in good time: salt affected soil heats up slow, affects potato shoot survival percent, and therefore the suitable time of planting of saline land sweet potato is that about May 10, now soil temperature is high, is conducive to the slow seedling of sweet potato hairy roots.
(7) use humic acid potassium fertilizer: plant front broken ridge and apply potassium humate (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=8: 8: 20, humic acid content 5%) 40～50kg/666.7m
2, can improve the yield and quality of saline land sweet potato.
(8) root-inducing powder dips in root: utilize root-inducing powder to dip in root, improve the plant survival rate of sweet potato in saline land, survival rate can improve 20% left and right.
(9) cuttage: plant after potato seedling dips in root, 1 row is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows is 23～28cm notes reducing the destruction to mulch film as far as possible while planting, after cuttage, earthing seals cuttage mouth in time.
(10) under-film drip irrigation: after cuttage, utilize the irrigate band of having laid to carry out under-film drip irrigation, guarantee that rice shoot survives, after slow seedling, within 20 days, water a water, after 15 days, water again a water, after this every 10 days, water once, until results, the time of infertility irrigation quantity 360 sides/666.7m
2.
(11) change the short seedling of control: planting latter 20～30 days, is that 30～50mg/L diethylamino ethanol caproate (DA～6) carries out foliage-spray, every 666.7m by concentration
2spray 30kg, promote the growth of sweet potato overground part, increase photosynthetic area, for high yield lays the first stone.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: by basining irrigation the salinity that can make in topsoil soils, reduce, by applying organic manure, can increase soil fertility and microbiologic population, by enriching nitrogenous fertilizer, can improve the growth of sweet potato overground part, improve the Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability of sweet potato, reduce the saline and alkaline in soil; Ridging, overlay film, under-film drip irrigation can make the further drip washing of salinity on ridge, reduce the poly-property of table of evaporating, eliminate salinity, adopt Salt And Alkali Tolerance sweet potato variety can improve the chances of survival of sweet potato in saline land, the poly-property of table of salinity is evaporated, is eliminated in the broken ring, the minimizing that adopt cuttage mode can reduce film, thereby realizes at heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore Sweet Potato For High. yield Production.
Adopt the method for the invention, compared with traditional cultivation method, the bare area of common variety and the cultivating method mulched very difficult growth in moderate saline land more than 0.30%, even if growth also almost can not obtain high yield.Cultivation method provided by the invention has been realized high yield, the fine quality production of sweet potato in moderate saline land.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, to better understand the present invention.
Embodiment
Sweet potato is gently simplified high-yield culture technique in a kind of saline land, in saline land, adopt Salt And Alkali Tolerance Sweetpotato Ji Xu 23, pour water and press alkali, the disconnected alkali of deep ploughing, applying organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizer, plastic mulching, plant in good time, use humic acid potassium fertilizer evening, a series of technological means such as root-inducing powder soaks seedling, the short seedling of antecedent chemical regulation and control, the problem that solution is kept a full stand of seedings difficulty, hypoevolutism, poor product quality, yielded poorly in 0.3%～0.5% saline land sweet potato cultivation, realizes high yield, the high-quality, unified efficiently of moderate saline land sweet potato.Comprise the following steps specifically:
(1) select salt tolerant Sweetpotato Ji Xu 23: this kind is that Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy and the cooperation of sweet potato research center, Xuzhou are bred as, within 2010, by the authorization of the Shandong Province variety certification committee, pass through.This kind stem growing way of overgrowing is medium, and branch amount is medium.Color of the leather is purplish red, yellowish pink pure white.Outstanding feature: salt tolerant, waterlogging, drought resisting, high yield, content of starch are high, hills drought unfertile land spring sweet potato starch rate is generally in 23～25% left and right, oven dry rate and starch rate are than Xu high 2 percentage points of left and right of potato 18, potato is dry smooth pure white, starch is high, high resistance sweet potato root rot, in anti-stem eelworm disease, black spot resistance a little less than.Fresh potato output is planted in Plain fertilely still can reach 2500～3000kg.Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta plantation, fresh potato per mu yield 2656.6kg, potato is done per mu yield 777.04kg.This kind is flat area, Delta Region of The Yellow River processing starch, the dry desirable kind of potato.
(2) the pressure alkali of pouring water: plant first 7～10 days, saline land is watered with fresh water, make topsoil soils keep 24h under soaking conditions, be pressed onto below topsoil saline and alkaline.
(3) applying organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizer: after oozing under soil surface is basined irrigation moisture nature, ground can carry out, under the operating condition of field, spreading fertilizer over the fields the farmyard manure 6～8m becoming thoroughly decomposed
3/ 666.7m
2, urea 15～20kg/666.7m
2.
(4) the disconnected alkali of deep ploughing: after fertilising, field is ploughed deeply, the degree of depth is 30～35cm, and spoiled soil capillary reduces the evaporation of soil moisture, reduces the infiltration of soil alkaline to topsoil.
(5) ridging, overlay film: carry out smooth, ridging after ploughing deeply, row spacing 85～95cm, the high 25～30cm in ridge, ridge face width 20～30cm.After ridging, with plastic film, cover surface, ridge immediately, to reduce on soil water evaporation and salinity, move, and lay irrigate band under film.
(6) plant evening in good time: salt affected soil heats up slow, affects potato shoot survival percent, and therefore the suitable time of planting of saline land sweet potato is that about May 10, now soil temperature is high, is conducive to the slow seedling of sweet potato hairy roots.
(7) use humic acid potassium fertilizer: plant front broken ridge and apply potassium humate (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=8: 8: 20, humic acid content 5%) 40～50kg/666.7m
2, can improve the yield and quality of saline land sweet potato.
(8) root-inducing powder dips in root: utilize root-inducing powder to dip in root, improve the plant survival rate of sweet potato in saline land, survival rate can improve 20% left and right.
(9) cuttage: plant after potato seedling dips in root, 1 row is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows is 23～28cm notes reducing the destruction to mulch film as far as possible while planting, after cuttage, earthing seals cuttage mouth in time.
(10) under-film drip irrigation: after cuttage, utilize the irrigate band of having laid to carry out under-film drip irrigation, guarantee that rice shoot survives, after slow seedling, within 20 days, water a water, after 15 days, water again a water, after this every 10 days, water once, until results, the time of infertility irrigation quantity 360 sides/666.7m
2.
(11) change the short seedling of control: planting latter 20～30 days, is that 30～50mg/L diethylamino ethanol caproate (DA～6) carries out foliage-spray, every 666.7m by concentration
2spray 30kg, promote the growth of sweet potato overground part, increase photosynthetic area, for high yield lays the first stone.
Within 2012, on Dongying Qing Tuo farm, the Huanghe delta, utilize the present invention and traditional planting technology cultivation Salt And Alkali Tolerance kind Ji Xu 23 and not the kind of the Salt And Alkali Tolerance potato 22 that helps do sweet potato saline alkali tolerance experiments, the results are shown in Table 1, experimental result shows to utilize Ji Xu 23 per mu yields that the present invention cultivates to reach 2650.5 kilograms, and Ji Xu 23 output of planting by traditional plastic mulching and traditional outdoor cropping technology are respectively 1872.5 kilograms and 1429.6 kilograms, the present invention is respectively than these two kinds of methods volume increase 28.82% and 45.65%; Utilize the output of the not Salt And Alkali Tolerance kind Ji potato 22 that the present invention plants seriously to reduce, but Ji potato 22 output of utilizing conventional method to plant are lower, respectively than the present invention yield reducation 44.14% and 74.36%.Experiment results proved, compared with conventional method, under the condition of moderate saline land, utilizes technology of the present invention can obviously increase the output of sweet potato.
Survival rate and the output of table 1 different cultivars different disposal under the condition of saline land
(the time: 2012; Saline and alkaline: 0.33%)
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a saline land sweet potato is gently simplified high-yield culture technique, it is characterized in that: in saline land, adopt Salt And Alkali Tolerance Sweetpotato Ji Xu 23, pour water and press alkali, the disconnected alkali of deep ploughing, applying organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizer, plastic mulching, plant in good time, use humic acid potassium fertilizer evening, a series of technological means such as root-inducing powder soaks seedling, the short seedling of antecedent chemical regulation and control, comprise the following steps specifically:
(1) select salt tolerant Sweetpotato Ji Xu 23: this kind is that Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy and the cooperation of sweet potato research center, Xuzhou are bred as, within 2010, by the authorization of the Shandong Province variety certification committee, pass through; This kind stem growing way of overgrowing is medium, and branch amount is medium; Color of the leather is purplish red, yellowish pink pure white; Outstanding feature: salt tolerant, waterlogging, drought resisting, high yield, content of starch are high, hills drought unfertile land spring sweet potato starch rate is generally in 23～25% left and right, oven dry rate and starch rate are than Xu high 2 percentage points of left and right of potato 18, potato is dry smooth pure white, starch is high, high resistance sweet potato root rot, in anti-stem eelworm disease, black spot resistance a little less than; Fresh potato output is planted in Plain fertilely still can reach 2500～3000kg; Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta plantation, fresh potato per mu yield 2656.6kg, potato is done per mu yield 777.04kg;
(2) the pressure alkali of pouring water: plant first 7～10 days, saline land is watered with fresh water, make topsoil soils keep 24h under soaking conditions, be pressed onto below topsoil saline and alkaline;
(3) applying organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizer: after oozing under soil surface is basined irrigation moisture nature, ground can carry out, under the operating condition of field, spreading fertilizer over the fields the farmyard manure 6～8m becoming thoroughly decomposed
3/ 666.7m
2, urea 15～20kg/666.7m
2;
(4) the disconnected alkali of deep ploughing: after fertilising, field is ploughed deeply, the degree of depth is 30～35cm, and spoiled soil capillary reduces the evaporation of soil moisture, reduces the infiltration of soil alkaline to topsoil;
(5) ridging, overlay film: carry out smooth, ridging after ploughing deeply, row spacing 85～95cm, the high 25～30cm in ridge, ridge face width 20～30cm; After ridging, with plastic film, cover surface, ridge immediately, to reduce on soil water evaporation and salinity, move, and lay irrigate band under film;
(6) plant evening in good time: salt affected soil heats up slow, affects potato shoot survival percent, and therefore the suitable time of planting of saline land sweet potato is that about May 10, now soil temperature is high, is conducive to the slow seedling of sweet potato hairy roots;
(7) use humic acid potassium fertilizer: plant front broken ridge and apply potassium humate (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=8: 8: 20, humic acid content 5%) 40～50kg/666.7m
2, can improve the yield and quality of saline land sweet potato;
(8) root-inducing powder dips in root: utilize root-inducing powder to dip in root, improve the plant survival rate of sweet potato in saline land, survival rate can improve 20% left and right;
(9) cuttage: plant after potato seedling dips in root, 1 row is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows is 23～28cm notes reducing the destruction to mulch film as far as possible while planting, after cuttage, earthing seals cuttage mouth in time;
(10) under-film drip irrigation: after cuttage, utilize the irrigate band of having laid to carry out under-film drip irrigation, guarantee that rice shoot survives, after slow seedling, within 20 days, water a water, after 15 days, water again a water, after this every 10 days, water once, until results, the time of infertility irrigation quantity 360 sides/666.7m
2;
(11) change the short seedling of control: planting latter 20～30 days, is that 30～50mg/L diethylamino ethanol caproate (DA～6) carries out foliage-spray, every 666.7m by concentration
2spray 30kg, promote the growth of sweet potato overground part, increase photosynthetic area, for high yield lays the first stone.
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| CN104521505A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for increasing flowering rate and fruiting rate of sweet potatoes without grafting in northern area |
| CN104855083A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-26 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Comprehensive cultivating technology of improving yield of sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land of Yellow River delta |
| CN104855115A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-08-26 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Cultivation method for promoting stable yield of dried sweet potatoes in northern sweet potato area plains to exceed one ton per mu |
| CN106171405A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of method of salt-soda soil, arid area sweet potato planting |
| CN106818745A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of chemicals of raising salt-soda soil sweet potato transplanting survival rate and potato seedling growth quality |
| CN107439219A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-12-08 | 何振贤 | A kind of method for improving Hills poor rainfed land sweet potato transplanting survival rate |
| CN108559002A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-09-21 | 山东胜伟旅游发展有限公司 | A method of manufacturing starch using saline and alkaline real estate sweet potato |
| CN108934864A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-12-07 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104521505A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for increasing flowering rate and fruiting rate of sweet potatoes without grafting in northern area |
| CN104855083A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-26 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Comprehensive cultivating technology of improving yield of sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land of Yellow River delta |
| CN104855115A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-08-26 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Cultivation method for promoting stable yield of dried sweet potatoes in northern sweet potato area plains to exceed one ton per mu |
| CN104855115B (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-07-04 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method for promoting northern potato area flat land sweet potato potato to do the super ton of stable yields |
| CN106171405A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of method of salt-soda soil, arid area sweet potato planting |
| CN106818745A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of chemicals of raising salt-soda soil sweet potato transplanting survival rate and potato seedling growth quality |
| CN106818745B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2020-04-07 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Chemical preparation for improving sweet potato transplanting survival rate and sweet potato seedling quality in saline-alkali soil |
| CN107439219A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-12-08 | 何振贤 | A kind of method for improving Hills poor rainfed land sweet potato transplanting survival rate |
| CN108559002A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-09-21 | 山东胜伟旅游发展有限公司 | A method of manufacturing starch using saline and alkaline real estate sweet potato |
| CN108934864A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-12-07 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil fresh type sweet potato quality and yield |
| CN108934864B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-10-16 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Cultivation method for improving quality and yield of fresh sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil |
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