CN104855083A - Comprehensive cultivating technology of improving yield of sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land of Yellow River delta - Google Patents
Comprehensive cultivating technology of improving yield of sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land of Yellow River delta Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive cultivating technology of improving a yield of sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land of Yellow River delta. The technology adopts the principle of selecting seeds according to soil and deciding seedlings according to water. The method comprises the following steps: selecting proper land; preferably selecting a variety; cultivating sound seedlings and retaining water through agricultural technologies. The technology is characterized in that: firstly exercising seedlings through seedbed salt before seedling collection; starving the seedlings to improve the salt tolerance of the seedlings after seedling collection; after the planting of the sweet potato seedlings, chemically controlling and promoting the roots of the sweet potato seedlings to absorb water; artificially creating moisture in the soil to supplement water; planting the sweet potato seedlings deep and adequately watering the seedlings; covering the sweet potato seedlings with mulching films to retain water and applying an organic fertilizer to retain water and add the moisture content in the ridges of the sweet potatoes. According to the technology, through selecting the salt-tolerant variety, the adaptability to the saline and alkaline land of the sweet potatoes is improved from the source; through cultivating sound seedlings, the salt-tolerant ability of the sweet potato seedlings is improved; through the agronomic measures of creating moisture in the soil, planting deep, covering with mulching films, chemically controlling and applying the organic fertilizer, the moisture content in the ridges of the sweet potatoes is increased and the root systems of the sweet potato seedlings are promoted to quickly grow and root deep, so that seedling recovering and final singling are facilitated to be achieved as soon as possible, and the high yield of the sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land containing 0.5 percent or less of salinity content of Yellow River delta is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, be specifically related to a kind of Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques improving Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta yield of sweet potato.
Technical background
Delta Region of The Yellow River height above sea level is low, and Groundwater buried depth is shallow and salinity is high, and natural evaporation effect is strong, thus Underground Salt is divided rise to earth's surface, cause the soil salinization, form saline land.According to statistics, Huanghe delta moderate saline-alkali soil (total soil phosphorus is 0.3%-0.5%) is about 8.7 ten thousand hectares, slight alkaline land (total soil phosphorus is 0.1%-0.3%) is about 21.5 ten thousand hectares, and moderate and slight alkaline land area account for 68.2% of the saline land gross area.Still can carry out agricultural production at slight alkaline land, farmland total salt content is between 0.17%-0.39%, and crop substantially can normal growth.But missing seedling rate is more than 50% in moderate saline-alkali soil, the phenomenon on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling is serious.
In April, 2013, the Department of Science and Technology formally starts and implements Bohai Sea silo science and technology demonstration project.In April, 2014, government of Shandong Province formally gives an written reply and set up " Agriculture in Yellow River Delta new and high-tech development zone ".Country and Shandong Province's aspect all pay much attention to Agriculture in Yellow River Delta and grain-production.Sweet potato well developed root system, impoverishment tolerant, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance are typical " reclamation of wasteland crops "; Meanwhile, Sweet Potato For High. yield Production, stable yields, yielding ability is good, and be not only China the 4th generalized grain crop, but also be the important raw material of industry, feed, novel energy and mitigation crop, output accounts for more than 80% of Gross World Product.According to " Chinese renewable resources medium-term and long-term plans " that China 2007 promulgates, sweet potato because of wide adaptability, biological yield is high, difference energy efficiency is high etc., and advantage is listed in one of first-selected energy crop.Meanwhile, utilize marginal land sweet potato planting, both can accomplish not strive ground with grain, can reduce again soil salt content (after sweet potato rewarding, soil salt content is down to 0.074%), protection local environment, meets the long-range strategy of bioenergy and grain-production harmonious development.Moreover, Huanghe delta soil is the Yellow River wash plain, and soil property is sandy loam, and permeability is good, is very beneficial for growth of sweet potato.Therefore, make full use of mild or moderate saline land resource sweet potato planting, there is vast potential for future development.
In the past the research of sweet potato plantation on saline land was emphasized particularly on different fields, mainly through improveing soil, improving cropping pattern, pouring water and press alkali etc.Patent 201110100533.3 have studied special fertilizer for sweet potato formula and the application process of saline land sweet potato plantation, mainly supplements the potash fertilizer in alkaline land soil.But this technology must match with watering or irrigate, otherwise also can increase soil salt content, increases the weight of saline and alkaline degree.Patent CN201310116918.8 have studied heavy salinized ground, strand sweet potato cultivation method, adopt raised fields, basin irrigation, the series technique means such as applying organic manure, ridging, overlay film, under-film drip irrigation improve sweet potato survival rate, in fact the heavy salinized plot in Delta Region of The Yellow River, sweet potato is difficult to survival.Patent CN201310483911.X have studied in, slight alkaline land improves the method for yield of sweet potato, mainly adopt salt-enduring cultivars, large-ridge double-row, dislocation cuttage, increase the agronomic measures such as density.This technology is only from agronomy aspect improvement sweet potato cropping pattern.Patent CN201310756286.1 have studied sweet potato saline land light and simple cultivation technique, and have employed deep ploughing, applying organic manure, under-film drip irrigation, cultivation in evening, change the comprehensive agronomic measures such as control, cost is higher.
Traditional sweet potato cultivation of locality, the Huanghe delta is mainly through enriching the agronomic measures such as compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, suitable moisture in the soil ridging, in good time early cultivation, but some drawbacks of ubiquity, on the one hand because sweet potato needs Root growth, because surface area increase causes wind speed on ridge large, and the evaporation of sandy loam moisture is fast, on ridge, salt height water is few, and the naked cultivation of potato seedling afterwards slow seedling is slow, cause survival rate low, disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling is serious.On the other hand, local custom is early planted ridging, morning, and early ridging causes salinity moves and is enriched in ridge, early plants and is unfavorable for that sweet potato hairy roots is slow because alkaline land soil soil moisture content is poor, it is slow to heat up.In fact, the Huanghe delta limits the key issue of local agricultural production is shortage of fresh water.A kind of Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques improving Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta yield of sweet potato, adhere to the principle of " choosing seeds with soil; with water final singling ", tightly around raising sweet potato efficiency of water application and survival rate, Sweet Potato For High. yield Production comprehensive agronomy Technical system is established from " kind, seedling, water " three aspects, be conducive to improving sweet potato to be short of seedling seedling stage, mid-term poor growth, the problem that the later stage underproduction is serious, make full use of marginal land and carry out sweet potato ecologic planting, realize in the Huanghe delta, slight alkaline land Sweet Potato For High. yield Production with take into account efficiently, produce the coordination with ecology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of synthetic method for planting improving Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta yield of sweet potato is provided, the inventive method is based on " high eco-economy district, the Huanghe delta " national strategy and the Department of Science and Technology's " Bohai Sea silo " science and technology item, overcome that sweet potato under the cultivation condition of traditional saline land is short of seedling seedling stage, mid-term poor growth, the serious problem of the later stage underproduction, a kind of Sweet Potato For High. yield Production Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques for total salt content saline land plantation below 0.5% is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques improving Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta yield of sweet potato, adopt the principle of " choosing seeds with soil; with water final singling ", method comprises selects suitable ground, preferably kind, nurturing staff and agronomy water conservation, it is characterized in that: before collecting seedling first by seedbed salinity hardening, collect seedling after cellar starve seedling and improve salt resistance; After sweet potato seedling is planted, urge root water suction by the control of sweet potato seedling, artificial moisture creating moisturizing, dark cultivation water sufficient nest water, plastic mulching water conservation and applying organic manure retaining and increase moisture in sweet potato ridge, improve the efficiency of water application of potato seedling.
The inventive method is tightly around raising sweet potato efficiency of water application, Sweet Potato For High. yield Production comprehensive agronomy Technical system is established from " kind, seedling, agronomy " three aspects, be conducive to improving sweet potato to be short of seedling seedling stage, mid-term poor growth, the problem that the later stage underproduction is serious, make full use of marginal land and carry out sweet potato ecologic planting, realize in the Huanghe delta, slight alkaline land Sweet Potato For High. yield Production with take into account efficiently, produce the coordination with ecology.
The Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques of the present invention's above-mentioned raising Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta yield of sweet potato, comprises the following steps:
(1) suitable ground is selected: by measuring soil salt content, in selection, slight alkaline land block;
(2) preferred kind: select salt tolerant sweet potato variety;
(3) nurturing staff: the sweet potato variety that in garden of collecting seedling, step (2) is selected, salt resistance is improved by seedbed salinity hardening, then cut seedling choose virus-free strong sprout by high, adopt lower after sweet potato seedling starve seedling technology by cellar and improve its Salinity adaptability further;
(4) agronomy water conservation: after root water suction is urged by the sweet potato seedling control of artificial moisture creating moisturizing and step (3) in step (1) plot, plant, then water by dark cultivation the water use efficiency that sufficient nest water, plastic mulching water conservation and applying organic manure retaining improve sweet potato seedling stage, improve survival rate, promote root of hair, slow seedling and the final singling as early as possible of potato seedling, form colony.
In described in step (1), slight alkaline land to be Delta Region of The Yellow River total soil phosphorus be 0.1 ~ 0.5% plot.Different from the crop that other sow seed, what adopt during sweet potato growing is the young tender potato seedling with shearing wound, even employing salt-enduring cultivars, the salt resistance ability in its seedling stage is also very limited, therefore, need to measure soil salt content before sweet potato plantation, controlling selected plot total soil phosphorus scope is 0.1 ~ 0.5%.
Salt tolerant sweet potato variety described in step (2) is No. 9, Soviet Union No. 7, potato or No. 1, imperial potato etc. in Ji Xu 23, Thailand, and selected kind is province and country's authorization sweet potato variety of ability salt content more than 0.3%.
Salinity hardening off method described in step (3) is: when sweet potato collect seedling garden sweet potato height of seedling reach 20cm time, after in afternoon 5 time, the sodium chloride solution of foliage-spray one time 0.05 ~ 0.1%, sprayed once after 5 days again; The preferably sodium chloride solution of 0.1%.
Height described in step (3) cuts seedling-growing method: cut higher than the position of seedbed 5cm at sweet potato seedling base portion.
Seedling-growing method is starved in cellar described in step (3): by adopt from seedbed lower after sweet potato seedling, every 300 strain looselys are bundled into a bundle, put into cellar, plant after 15 ± 5 DEG C of lucifuges put 3 days again.
Artificial moisture creating method for supplementing water described in step (4) is: moisture creating of manually watering before ridging, soil relative water content reach 75% and above time ridging, row spacing 75 ~ 80cm, high 20 ~ 30 cm in ridge, ridge face width 5 ~ 10cm, row spacing 85 ~ 95cm.Alkaline land soil is fast because moisture evaporates, need soil relative water content reach 75% and the above time could ridging, if local rainfall does not reach Suitable Soil Moisture content, need manually to water moisture creating before ridging, hydraulic pressure alkali can be watered on the one hand, two can supplement soil moisture content, meet the water demand that saline land sweet potato is suitable for planting.
Root water suction method is urged in change control described in step (4): before sweet potato seedling is planted, with the root-inducing powder leaching potato seedling base portion 5min of 2.0g/L.The method can promote that sweet potato adventive root is sent out soon, deeply pricked, and improves sweet potato survival rate more than 20%.
Sufficient nest water method is watered in dark cultivation described in step (4): sweet potato seedling keeps base portion three joint tiltedly to plant, and bury completely, ground table top only stays three non-fully expanded leaves, and every strain potato seedling waters 600 ~ 800ml.Water sufficient nest water and be conducive to potato seedling root of hair, slow seedling as early as possible.
Plastic mulching water-retaining method described in step (4) is: select transparent mulch film, and after planting, adopt artificial or mechanical film, film is complete, is close to the native tight of table, real by soil pressure.
Described transparent mulch film preferred thickness is 0.016mm, density is 0.95, antioxidant and UV absorbers gross mass mark are 0.8%.
Applying organic manure water impoundment method described in step (4) is: on the basis of traditional fertilization, every mu enriches decomposed manure 5000kg, and organic fertilizer powder is broken to granularity and is less than 20mm, concentrates and uses, ditch on face, ridge after ridging, fertilizer is put on equably face, ridge bottom of trench.Huanghe delta soil is relatively barren, and the content of organic matter required for growth of sweet potato seldom (being about 0.5%-0.8%), therefore should on the basis of traditional fertilization, every mu enriches decomposed manure, ditch in face, ridge, fertilizer puts on face, ridge bottom of trench, can play the effect of storing water and preserving fertility soil moisture conservation.
The inventive method is compared with local traditional cultivation method, the bare area cultivation of common variety and the traditional cultivation of salt-enduring cultivars all cannot realize the large area high yield on the saline land of Delta Region of The Yellow River, integrated agriculture measure provided by the invention can realize sweet potato in, the high-yield planting of slight alkaline land.
A kind of Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques improving Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta yield of sweet potato of the present invention, beneficial effect is:
1) first salt resistance is improved by seedbed salinity hardening before collecting seedling; After sweet potato seedling is planted, urge root water suction by the control of sweet potato seedling, artificial moisture creating moisturizing, dark cultivation water sufficient nest water, plastic mulching water conservation and applying organic manure retaining and increase moisture in sweet potato ridge.
2) by selecting salt-enduring cultivars, improve the adaptability in the saline land of sweet potato from source; By nurturing staff, improve the salt resistance ability of sweet potato potato seedling; Moisture in sweet potato ridge is added by agronomy Water-retaining Measure; Above-mentioned measure cooperatively interacts and significantly can promote that sweet potato Seedling root is sent out soon, deeply pricked, and is conducive to delaying seedling and final singling as early as possible, achieves the Sweet Potato For High. yield Production in Huanghe delta salt content saline land below 0.5%.
specific implementation method
the inventive method extremely beneficial effect is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
(1) select suitable ground: measure soil salt content, select Dongying City Qing Tuo farm, Delta Region of The Yellow River, total salt content is the saline and alkaline plot of 0.31%;
(2) preferred kind: select salt tolerant sweet potato variety;
(3) nurturing staff: when sweet potato collect seedling garden sweet potato height of seedling reach 20cm time, the sodium chloride solution hardening of foliage-spray one time 0.1% after in afternoon 5 time, sprayed again once after 5 days, then choose virus-free strong sprout to cut at the position of seedling base portion higher than seedbed 5cm, adopt lower after sweet potato seedling, every 300 strain looselys are bundled into a bundle, put into cellar, put 3 days 15 ± 5 DEG C of lucifuges;
(4) agronomy water conservation: moisture creating of manually watering before the plot ridging that step (1) is chosen, soil relative water content reach 75% and above time ridging, row spacing 75 ~ 80cm, the high 20 ~ 30cm in ridge, ridge face width 5 ~ 10cm, row spacing 85 ~ 95cm; After the root-inducing powder leaching potato seedling base portion 5min of the sweet potato seedling 2.0g/L of step (3), plant; Sweet potato seedling keeps base portion three joint tiltedly to plant, bury completely, ground table top only stays three non-fully expanded leaves, and every strain potato seedling waters 600 ~ 800ml, then select that thickness is 0.016mm, density is 0.95, antioxidant and UV absorbers gross mass mark be 0.8% transparent mulch film, mechanical film mode overlay film is adopted after planting, ensure compound film quality, film is complete, is close to the native tight of table, real by soil pressure, do not break potato seedling; Finally, on the basis of traditional fertilization, every mu enriches decomposed manure 5000kg, and organic fertilizer powder is broken to granularity and is less than 20mm, concentrates and uses, ditch, fertilizer is put on equably face, ridge bottom of trench after ridging on face, ridge.
Field experiment application example and result:
(1) sweet potato variety is selected: Ji Xu 23 and Xushen21 well.
(2) plot is selected:
Saline land, Dongying City Dongying City Qing Tuo farm in 2012 is carried out, moderate saline-alkali soil block, and total salt content is 0.42%; Grouping: choose 4 mu, be divided into 4th district at random, 1 mu, every district, plants Ji Xu 23 and Xushen21 well respectively according to embodiment of the present invention method and conventional method;
Dongying City Qing Tuo farm in 2013, slight alkaline land block, total salt content is 0.29%, and group technology is the same.
(3) sweet potato rainfall planting season is 400 ~ 600mm;
Adopt embodiment of the present invention method: row spacing 75 ~ 80cm, the high 20 ~ 30cm in ridge, ridge face width 5 ~ 10cm, row spacing 85 ~ 95cm; Planting Patterns is that oblique cultivation of base portion three joint is buried, spacing in the rows 22cm, every mu of 3500 strains;
Conventional method: row spacing 65 ~ 70cm, the high 20 ~ 25cm in ridge, ridge face width 5 ~ 10cm, row spacing 80 ~ 85cm; Planting Patterns is that oblique cultivation of base portion two joint is buried, spacing in the rows 26cm, every mu of 3000 strains.
(4) implementation result is as shown in table 1.
The different culture technique in table 1 saline land is on the impact of sweet potato survival rate and fresh tuber yield
From above-mentioned 2012 and field experiment effect in 2013, test adopts salt tolerant cultivars Ji Xu 23 and Xushen21 well, within 2012, two kinds adopt the present invention to improve 30.4% and 38.4% respectively than traditional cultivation method potato shoot survival percent respectively, and output improves 54.1% and 54.9% respectively.Within 2013, two kinds adopt the present invention to improve 24.4% and 20.4% respectively than traditional cultivation method potato shoot survival percent respectively, and output improves 48.7% and 41.2% respectively; In a word, compared with local traditional cultivation method, in the Huanghe delta, on slight alkaline land, culture technique of the present invention is utilized to increase production more than 40%.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is improved the Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta yield of sweet potato, adopt the principle of " choosing seeds with soil; with water final singling ", method comprises selects suitable ground, preferably kind, nurturing staff and agronomy water conservation, it is characterized in that: before collecting seedling first by seedbed salinity hardening, collect seedling after cellar starve seedling and improve salt resistance; After sweet potato seedling is planted, urge root water suction by the control of sweet potato seedling, artificial moisture creating moisturizing, dark cultivation water sufficient nest water, plastic mulching water conservation and applying organic manure retaining and increase moisture in sweet potato ridge, improve the efficiency of water application of potato seedling.
2. Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) suitable ground is selected: by measuring soil salt content, in selection, slight alkaline land block;
(2) preferred kind: select salt tolerant sweet potato variety;
(3) nurturing staff: the sweet potato variety that in garden of collecting seedling, step (2) is selected, salt resistance is improved by seedbed salinity hardening, then cut seedling choose virus-free strong sprout by high, adopt lower after sweet potato seedling starve seedling technology by cellar and improve its Salinity adaptability further;
(4) agronomy water conservation: after root water suction is urged by the sweet potato seedling control of artificial moisture creating moisturizing and step (3) in step (1) plot, plant, then water by dark cultivation the water use efficiency that sufficient nest water, plastic mulching water conservation and applying organic manure retaining improve sweet potato seedling stage, improve survival rate, promote root of hair, slow seedling and the final singling as early as possible of potato seedling, form colony.
3. Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described in step (1), slight alkaline land to be Delta Region of The Yellow River total soil phosphorus be 0.1 ~ 0.5% plot.
4. Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the salt tolerant sweet potato variety described in step (2) is No. 9, revive No. 7, potato or No. 1, imperial potato in Ji Xu 23, Thailand.
5. Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
Salinity hardening off method described in step (3) is: when sweet potato collect seedling garden sweet potato height of seedling reach 20cm time, after in afternoon 5 time, the sodium chloride solution of foliage-spray one time 0.05 ~ 0.1%, sprayed once after 5 days again;
Height described in step (3) cuts seedling-growing method: cut higher than the position of seedbed 5cm at sweet potato seedling base portion;
Seedling-growing method is starved in cellar described in step (3): by adopt from seedbed lower after sweet potato seedling, every 300 strain looselys are bundled into a bundle, put into cellar, plant after 15 ± 5 DEG C of lucifuges put 3 days again.
6. Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the sodium chloride solution of foliage-spray 0.1% in described salinity hardening off method.
7. Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
Artificial moisture creating method for supplementing water described in step (4) is: moisture creating of manually watering before ridging, soil relative water content reach 75% and above time ridging, row spacing 75 ~ 80cm, the high 20 ~ 30cm in ridge, ridge face width 5 ~ 10cm, row spacing 85 ~ 95cm;
Root water suction method is urged in change control described in step (4): before sweet potato seedling is planted, with the root-inducing powder leaching potato seedling base portion 5min of 2.0g/L;
Sufficient nest water method is watered in dark cultivation described in step (4): sweet potato seedling keeps base portion three joint tiltedly to plant, and bury completely, ground table top only stays three non-fully expanded leaves, and every strain potato seedling waters 600 ~ 800ml;
Plastic mulching water-retaining method described in step (4) is: select transparent mulch film, and after planting, adopt artificial or mechanical film, film is complete, is close to the native tight of table, real by soil pressure;
Applying organic manure water impoundment method described in step (4) is: on the basis of traditional fertilization, every mu enriches decomposed manure 5000kg, and organic fertilizer powder is broken to granularity and is less than 20mm, concentrates and uses, ditch on face, ridge after ridging, fertilizer is put on equably face, ridge bottom of trench.
8. Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described film thickness is pellucidly 0.016mm, density is 0.95, antioxidant and UV absorbers gross mass mark are 0.8%.
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| CN106416678A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-02-22 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for planting halogeton glomeratus in saline-alkali land |
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| CN108651197A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-16 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving fresh type sweet potato quality and the commodity potato uniformity |
| CN110036856A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of cultural method that Huang-Huai-Hai sweet potato in two seasons of one year efficiently produces |
| CN114868613A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-08-09 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Rapid breeding method of detoxified sweet potatoes in one-mu field with one seedling |
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| CN106613061A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-05-10 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | Method capable of increasing effective pollination time for furrow cultivation |
| CN106416678A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-02-22 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for planting halogeton glomeratus in saline-alkali land |
| CN108651197A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-16 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving fresh type sweet potato quality and the commodity potato uniformity |
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| CN110036856A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of cultural method that Huang-Huai-Hai sweet potato in two seasons of one year efficiently produces |
| CN114868613A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-08-09 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Rapid breeding method of detoxified sweet potatoes in one-mu field with one seedling |
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| CN104855083B (en) | 2017-06-06 |
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