CN114868613A - Rapid breeding method of detoxified sweet potatoes in one-mu field with one seedling - Google Patents
Rapid breeding method of detoxified sweet potatoes in one-mu field with one seedling Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding of detoxified sweet potatoes, and discloses a method for quickly breeding detoxified sweet potatoes in one mu of field with one seedling, which comprises the following steps of step one, carrying out graded breeding on the detoxified sweet potato seedlings; step two, breeding the spring potato in a field garden; step three, breeding the summer potato breeding garden; step four, breeding the autumn potato breeding garden; and step five, storing the virus-free seed potatoes. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the introduction of the test tube detoxified sweet potatoes with low cost is realized, and the rapid breeding of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings in one mu of field is realized; 2. the propagation of virus in the breeding process of the virus-free sweet potatoes is prevented, and the degeneration of the virus-free sweet potato variety is effectively prevented; 3. the judgment of the acidity and alkalinity of the planting soil is realized, and the guiding significance is provided for the next scientific and reasonable utilization of the planted and bred plots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding of detoxified sweet potatoes, in particular to a rapid breeding method of detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field.
Background
The improved variety of the sweet potato has the phenomena of plant reduction, branch reduction, blade shrinkage, pinnate stripe, growth potential decline, tuber reduction, obvious yield quality reduction and even loss of production and utilization values along with the increase of the planting age, and the phenomenon is called as the sexual degeneration of the sweet potato. The sweet potato sexual degeneration is a great problem which seriously affects the production and development of the sweet potatoes for a long time, the main reason of the common sweet potato sexual degeneration is caused by virus infection, and the main modes of virus transmission of the sweet potatoes are roughly divided into four modes, namely contact virus transmission, insect virus transmission, nematode virus transmission and fungus virus transmission. Mainly insect virus transmission. Such as: aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, beetles and the like, the most common are aphid-borne viruses, wherein the peach aphid-borne viruses are mainly used. The detoxified sweet potato is obtained by using the principle that the stem tip of the sweet potato has no virus or little virus and performing tissue culture and virus detection on the stem tip. The research shows that the closer the sweet potato virus is distributed to the stem tip, the virus is distributed in a descending way, namely, the virus is distributed less or no virus.
In the prior art, for breeding of detoxified sweet potatoes, more test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings are generally required to be introduced, and the main technical problems are as follows: 1. the introduction cost of the test tube virus-free sweet potato seedlings is high, and the breeding speed is low; 2. in the breeding process of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings, the virus infection and the degeneration of the seed potatoes cannot be effectively prevented by the virus-free sweet potato seedlings; 3. during the breeding process of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings, the soil acidity and alkalinity can not be judged; the inventor develops a rapid breeding method of detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu field based on the defects in the prior art, and can well solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for quickly breeding detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu field. 750 virus-free test-tube seedlings are utilized in 2019, and the seedlings are bred in a net shed, 20 mu of seed breeding field is planted in the same year, and 5 thousands jin of seed potatoes are harvested. After the sweet potatoes grow, 8 million plants are cut from the stem tips of the sweet potatoes in the field in the last ten days of 9 months, greenhouse breeding is carried out in winter, and 50 mu of nursery garden is collected when the sweet potatoes are bred in the spring festival. When the sweet potatoes are harvested in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, the sweet potato vine seedlings are cut from the detoxified sweet potato breeding field and planted in 5 greenhouse for overwintering breeding. And (4) in spring of 2020, all the seed potatoes bred in the last year are cultivated, and 300 ten thousand virus-free seedlings are bred. And (3) co-breeding 310 ten thousand detoxified potato seedlings in 5 batches, planting 20 seed-breeding shed seedlings, planting 130 mu of spring potatoes in total, collecting the potato seedlings in a spring potato field after wheat harvest, and planting 630 mu of summer potatoes. The total amount is 760 mu. Realizes the technical goal of breeding and popularizing the detoxified potatoes in one mu of field for one seedling.
The invention provides a method for quickly breeding detoxified sweet potatoes in one-mu field with one seedling, which comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out graded breeding on the detoxified sweet potato seedlings: dividing breeding gardens in a greenhouse, and arranging a grading board to divide a first-level breeding garden, a second-level breeding garden and a third-level breeding garden; introducing a small amount of test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings, planting the introduced test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings in a first-level breeding garden in the last ten days of March, topping and promoting branching after seedling return, cutting 20-25 cm when the test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in a second-level breeding garden; when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings bred in the second-level breeding nursery grow to 30 cm, the seedling piles can sprout again after the seedlings are cut in the first-level breeding nursery, when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, the potato seedlings with the length of 20-25 cm in the first-level breeding nursery and the second-level breeding nursery are cut off, the potato seedlings are planted in a third-level breeding nursery for continuous breeding, and the breeding is repeated in the same way;
step two, breeding the spring potato field garden: cutting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings which are subjected to grading breeding in the step one to be 20-25 cm long, and planting the seedlings in the field garden of the pachyrhizus for breeding in the early ten days of April;
step three, breeding the pachyrhizus hybrid breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the summer potato breeding garden; in the first ten days of June to the first ten days of July, cutting 20-25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from a spring potato field garden and cutting 20-25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from breeding gardens at all levels in a greenhouse, and planting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in a summer potato breeding garden for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline;
step four, breeding the autumn potato breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the autumn potato breeding garden; in the middle ten days of July to the last ten days of August, cutting 20-25 cm long detoxified sweet potato seedlings from various levels of breeding gardens of a greenhouse, spring potato field gardens and summer potato gardens, and planting the cut detoxified sweet potato seedlings into a autumn potato breeding garden for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline;
step five, storing the detoxified seed potatoes: and storing seed potatoes harvested in all levels of the greenhouse breeding gardens, the spring potato field garden, the summer potato breeding garden and the autumn potato breeding garden in the late 10 th month into the potato cellar for seedling cultivation popularization and application in the next year.
The land selected by the greenhouse, the spring potato field nursery, the summer potato breeding nursery and the autumn potato breeding nursery in the invention is pathogen-free soil, and the soil with no sweet potato planted for many years is preferably selected.
In the first step, insect-proof nets are arranged around the greenhouse, and meshes of the insect-proof nets are more than 50 meshes.
In the first step, some Brazilian morning glory indicating plants are planted every 5-10 meters around each level of breeding nursery of a greenhouse, and insecticide is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days to prevent aphids and plant hoppers; regularly observing whether virus symptoms exist or not plant by plant in the production process of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings, and removing diseased plants in time once the virus symptoms are found; if the indicator plants planted in the greenhouse show virus symptoms, the seed potatoes bred in the whole greenhouse are degraded for use.
In the first step, the Brazilian morning glory indicator plant is used for judging that the guarantee of virus symptoms of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is that the new leaves of the Brazilian morning glory indicator plant are shrunken and yellow.
In the first step, high-shear multi-time planting and rapid propagation are carried out, the refined virus-free sweet potato seedlings are subjected to high shear, namely, the upper parts of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are cut off by 10-15 cm for cuttage, 2-3 sections of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are left at the base parts of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings, namely, high-foot seedlings are left, and the stubble height is not lower than 3 cm; so that 2-3 new seedlings can germinate in several days.
In the first step, seedling stage management of the greenhouse comprises the following steps: raising the bed temperature and reducing water evaporation in the stage from seedling emergence to seedling alignment; when the height of the seedling is 4 cm, topdressing and replenishing water for 1 time, and paying attention to control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be 28-35 ℃ and the humidity is about 80%; ventilating and cooling in time at noon in fine days to prevent the greenhouse from being too high in temperature and burning seedlings; when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, the seedlings are hardened for 2-3 days, and then the seedlings can be cut.
In the first step, managing high-foot seedlings and planting seedlings of a mother bed: after the second and later detoxified sweet potato seedlings are cut, topdressing and watering are carried out according to the situation after each seedling cutting, 30-50 g of urea is topdressed per square meter, or mixed liquid of 0.5% of urea and 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled well; and gradually increasing the seedling hardening force along with the growth of the sweet potato seedlings, and stopping watering and uncovering the film to ventilate and harden the seedlings when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm.
In the first step, the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery are planted with the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 20 cm, water is poured, the temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, the cut branches of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are planted after about 1 week and take roots, and the cut branches can be used as mother plants to provide cut branch stems for planting again after 3-4 weeks, namely secondary planting; and (5) cutting off each base of the seedlings for the second time, reserving 2-3 joints, and continuously germinating new seedlings.
In the first step, an arched covering film can be arranged on the virus-free sweet potato seedbeds of the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery.
The land selected by the greenhouse, the spring potato field nursery, the summer potato breeding nursery and the autumn potato breeding nursery in the invention is pathogen-free soil, and the soil with no sweet potato planted for many years is preferably selected. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the greenhouse, the spring potato field nursery, the summer potato breeding nursery and the autumn potato breeding nursery are ensured to be pathogen-free soil; on the other hand, enough base fertilizer can be ensured in the soil.
Dividing breeding gardens in a greenhouse, and arranging a grading board to distinguish a first-level breeding garden, a second-level breeding garden and a third-level breeding garden; introducing a small amount of test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings, planting the introduced test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings in a first-level breeding garden in the last ten days of March, topping and promoting branching after seedling return, cutting 20-25 cm when the test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in a second-level breeding garden; when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings bred in the second-level breeding nursery grow to 30 cm, the seedling piles can sprout again after the seedlings are cut in the first-level breeding nursery, when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, the potato seedlings with the length of 20-25 cm in the first-level breeding nursery and the second-level breeding nursery are cut off, the potato seedlings are planted in a third-level breeding nursery to continue breeding, and the breeding is repeated in this way. The main purpose of this is: by utilizing the multiple planting and rapid propagation of the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery, on one hand, the propagation coefficients of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings in unit areas of the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery are improved, and thus the demand of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings required by one seedling per mu of field is met; on the other hand, the multiple high-shear seedlings are planted and bred, so that the insecticide is blocked, and the spreading of viruses and infectious viruses of aphids, plant hoppers and the like is prevented.
In the first step, insect-proof nets are arranged around the greenhouse, and meshes of the insect-proof nets are more than 50 meshes. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the pesticide is blocked, and the spread of spreading viruses of aphids, plant hoppers and the like is prevented; on the other hand, under the condition that insect nets are arranged around the greenhouse, the degeneration of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings caused by multiple multi-stage high-shear seedling planting and breeding of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in the greenhouse is prevented.
In the first step, some Brazilian morning glory indicating plants are planted every 5-10 meters around each level of breeding nursery of a greenhouse, and insecticide is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days to prevent aphids and plant hoppers; regularly observing whether virus symptoms exist or not plant by plant in the production process of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings, and removing diseased plants in time once the virus symptoms are found; if the indicator plants planted in the greenhouse show virus symptoms, the seed potatoes bred in the whole greenhouse are degraded for use. The main purpose of this is: the Brazilian morning glory is used for indicating the planting of plants, 1-time pesticide spraying is carried out every 15 days, and the combined action of arranging insect-proof nets around the greenhouse is combined. On one hand, the propagation of aphids, plant hoppers and dare-to-infect viruses is blocked, and the virus infection of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in the multi-stage multi-planting breeding process is reduced; on the other hand, the early warning and indicating function is provided for whether the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are infected by the virus in the multi-stage planting and breeding process, and the indicating significance is provided for the effective control of the virus infection of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings.
In the first step, the Brazilian morning glory indicator plant is used for judging that the guarantee of virus symptoms of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is that the new leaves of the Brazilian morning glory indicator plant are shrunken and yellow. The main purpose of this is: the physiological characteristics of shrinkage and yellowing of new leaves of the indication plant of the Brazilian morning glory are utilized to judge whether virus infection exists in the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in the multi-stage planting and breeding process, and the effect of early warning indication is provided.
In the first step, high-shear multi-time planting and rapid propagation are carried out, the refined virus-free sweet potato seedlings are subjected to high shear, namely, the upper parts of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are cut off by 10-15 cm for cuttage, 2-3 sections of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are left at the base parts of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings, namely, high-foot seedlings are left, and the stubble height is not lower than 3 cm; so that 2-3 new seedlings can germinate in several days. The main purpose of this is: the technical means of high-shearing seedlings and high-foot seedlings are utilized. On one hand, the infection and the transmission of the virus can be blocked in time; on the other hand, based on the distribution characteristics of viruses, the high-shear seedlings can select good virus-free sweet potato seedlings without virus infection so as to be planted and bred in a greenhouse in multiple stages, and the breeding quality of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is improved. On the other hand, the defects that the more the seedlings are pulled out, the less the seedlings are pulled out and the seedlings carry viruses can be overcome.
In the first step, the bed temperature is increased and the water evaporation is reduced when the seedlings emerge to the stage of aligning the seedlings; when the height of the seedling is 4 cm, topdressing and replenishing water for 1 time, and paying attention to control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be 28-35 ℃ and the humidity is about 80%; ventilating and cooling in time at noon in fine days to prevent the greenhouse from being too high in temperature and burning seedlings; when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, the seedlings are hardened for 2-3 days, and then the seedlings can be cut. The main purpose of this is: the seedling is hardened by topdressing and water supplementing, temperature and humidity control in the greenhouse. On one hand, the good growth environment of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is ensured, and the virus resistance of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is improved; on the other hand, the rapid growth of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is realized, and necessary conditions are provided for the rapid propagation of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings. On the other hand, the stress resistance of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings is improved so as to adapt to the breeding operation of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings in spring potato field gardens, summer potato breeding gardens and autumn potato breeding gardens.
In the first step, managing high-foot seedlings and planting seedlings of a mother bed: after the second and later detoxified sweet potato seedlings are cut, topdressing and watering are carried out according to the situation after each seedling cutting, 30-50 g of urea is topdressed per square meter, or mixed liquid of 0.5% of urea and 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled well; and gradually increasing the seedling hardening force along with the growth of the sweet potato seedlings, and stopping watering and uncovering the film to ventilate and harden the seedlings when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow fast and healthily, and necessary conditions are provided for the rapid propagation of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings; on the other hand, the breeding coefficient of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings in unit area of the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery is improved, so that the demand of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings required by one seedling per mu of field is met.
In the first step, the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery are planted with the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 20 cm, water is poured, the temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, the cut branches of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are planted after about 1 week and take roots, and the cut branches can be used as mother plants to provide cut branch stems for planting again after 3-4 weeks, namely secondary planting; and (5) cutting off each base of the seedlings for the second time, reserving 2-3 joints, and continuously germinating new seedlings. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the breeding coefficient of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings in unit area of the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery is ensured, and therefore the demand of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings required by one seedling per mu of field is met. On the other hand, the rapid thriving of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings is ensured, and the virus resistance of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings is improved.
In the first step, an arched covering film can be arranged on the virus-free sweet potato seedbeds of the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the temperature in a first-level breeding garden, a second-level breeding garden and a third-level breeding garden can be guaranteed; on the other hand, the water-retaining agent has the function of moisturizing a first-level breeding garden, a second-level breeding garden and a third-level breeding garden.
And in the second step, the virus-free sweet potato seedlings which are subjected to graded breeding in the first step are cut to be 20-25 cm long, and are planted in the spring potato field garden for breeding in late April. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the rapid breeding of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is improved, and the required amount of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings required by one seedling per mu of field is realized. On the other hand, the method provides conditions for the rapid propagation of the virus-free sweet potatoes by utilizing the planting and breeding of the spring potato field nursery.
In the third step, planting the morning glory in the four sides of the summer potato breeding garden; in the first ten days of June to the first ten days of July, cutting 20-25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from a spring potato field garden and cutting 20-25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from breeding gardens at all levels in a greenhouse, and planting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in a summer potato breeding garden for breeding; when morning glory blossoms, the color of the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the color of the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the rapid breeding of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is further improved, and the required amount of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings required by one seedling per mu of field is realized. On the other hand, the pH value of the planted soil can be detected by judging the flower color of the morning glories, and guiding significance is provided for scientific and reasonable utilization of the planted and bred plots in the next step. On the other hand, whether virus infection exists in the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in the multi-stage planting and breeding process is judged through the physiological characteristics of shrinkage and yellowing of new leaves of the indication plant of the morning glory in Brazil, and the effect of early warning indication is provided.
In the fourth step, the morning glory is planted around the autumn potato breeding garden; in the middle ten days of July to the last ten days of August, cutting 20-25 cm long detoxified sweet potato seedlings from various levels of breeding gardens of a greenhouse, spring potato field gardens and summer potato gardens, and planting the cut detoxified sweet potato seedlings into a autumn potato breeding garden for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline; the main purpose of this is: on one hand, conditions are provided for the rapid propagation of the virus-free sweet potatoes; on the other hand, the pH value of the planted soil can be detected by judging the flower color of the morning glories, and guiding significance is provided for scientific and reasonable utilization of the planted and bred plots in the next step. On the other hand, whether virus infection exists in the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in the multi-stage planting and breeding process is judged through the physiological characteristics of shrinkage and yellowing of new leaves of the indication plant of the morning glory in Brazil, and the effect of early warning indication is provided.
And in the fifth step, storing the seed potatoes harvested in all levels of the greenhouse breeding nursery, the spring potato field nursery, the summer potato breeding nursery and the autumn potato breeding nursery in the late 10 th month into the potato cellar for seedling cultivation popularization and application in the next year. The main purpose of this is: the harvested seed potatoes are stored in the potato cellar for storage, so that on one hand, the quality of the virus-free sweet potato seed potatoes is improved; on the other hand, the temperature condition is provided for the detoxified sweet potato seed potato to break the dormancy stage, and the technical support is provided for the popularization of the detoxified sweet potato variety in the next year.
In the second step, the third step and the fourth step, under the combined action of the technical means in the second step, the third step and the fourth step, on one hand, the breeding time of the detoxified sweet potato variety is shortened; on the other hand, the breeding coefficient of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings is ensured, so that the demand of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings required by one seedling per mu of field is met, and technical support is provided for the popularization of the detoxified sweet potato technology for one seedling per mu of field.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the introduction of the test tube detoxified sweet potatoes with low cost is realized, and the rapid breeding of the detoxified sweet potato seedlings in one mu of field is realized; 2. the propagation of virus in the breeding process of the virus-free sweet potatoes is prevented, and the degeneration of the virus-free sweet potato variety is effectively prevented; 3. the judgment of the acidity and alkalinity of the planting soil is realized, and the guiding significance is provided for the next scientific and reasonable utilization of the planted and bred plots.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment,
The rapid breeding method of the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out graded breeding on the detoxified sweet potato seedlings: arranging insect-proof nets around the greenhouse, wherein meshes of the insect-proof nets are more than 50 meshes; planting some Brazilian morning glory indicating plants every 5 meters in the periphery of each level of breeding nursery of a greenhouse, and spraying 1 time of insecticide every 15 days to prevent aphids and plant hoppers; dividing breeding gardens in a greenhouse, and arranging a grading board to divide a first-level breeding garden, a second-level breeding garden and a third-level breeding garden; introducing a small amount of test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings, planting the introduced test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings in a first-level breeding garden in the last ten days of March, topping and promoting branching after seedling return, cutting 20 cm when the test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in a second-level breeding garden; when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings bred in the second-level breeding nursery grow to 30 cm, the seedling piles of the first-level breeding nursery after seedling shearing can sprout again, when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, the potato seedlings with the length of 20 cm in the first-level breeding nursery and the second-level breeding nursery are cut off, the potato seedlings are planted into a third-level breeding nursery for continuous breeding, and the repeated breeding is performed by analogy; carrying out high-shear multiple planting and rapid propagation on the refined virus-free sweet potato seedlings, namely, shearing 10 cm at the upper part of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings for cuttage, leaving 2 sections at the base part without shearing, namely, leaving high-foot seedlings, wherein the stubble height is not less than 3 cm; so that 2 new seedlings can germinate after several days; seedling stage management of the greenhouse: raising the bed temperature and reducing water evaporation in the stage from seedling emergence to seedling alignment; when the height of the seedling is 4 cm, topdressing and replenishing water for 1 time, and paying attention to the control of the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be 28 ℃ and the humidity is about 80%; ventilating and cooling in time at noon in fine days to prevent the greenhouse from being too high in temperature and burning seedlings; when the height of the seedlings is 15 cm, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, and the seedlings are hardened for 2-3 days, so that the seedlings can be cut; managing high-foot seedlings and planting seedlings of a mother bed: after the second and later batches of virus-free sweet potato seedlings are cut, additional fertilizer and irrigation are carried out according to the situation, 30 g of urea is applied to each square meter, or mixed liquid of 0.5 percent of urea and 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and the temperature and the humidity are controlled well; gradually increasing the seedling hardening force along with the growth of the sweet potato seedlings, stopping watering and uncovering the film to ventilate and harden the seedlings when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm; planting the first-stage breeding nursery, the second-stage breeding nursery and the third-stage breeding nursery with the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 20 cm, watering, controlling the temperature at 20 ℃, planting the detoxified sweet potato seedling after about 1 week, transplanting the shoot and rooting, and providing the stem of the shoot again as a mother plant after 3 weeks for planting, namely secondary planting; cutting the seedling for the second time, reserving 2 sections of base parts of each plant, and continuously germinating new seedlings;
step two, breeding the spring potato field garden: cutting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings which are subjected to grading breeding in the step one to be 20-25 cm long, and planting the seedlings in the field garden of the pachyrhizus for breeding in the early ten days of April;
step three, breeding the pachyrhizus hybrid breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the summer potato breeding garden; in the first ten days of June to the first ten days of July, cutting 20 cm-long detoxified sweet potato seedlings from a spring potato field garden and cutting 20 cm-long detoxified sweet potato seedlings from breeding gardens at all levels in a greenhouse, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in a summer potato breeding garden for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline;
step four, breeding the autumn potato breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the autumn potato breeding garden; in the middle ten days of July to the last ten days of August, cutting 20 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from various levels of breeding gardens of the greenhouse, spring potato field gardens and summer potato gardens, and planting the seedlings into autumn potato breeding gardens for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline;
step five, storing the detoxified seed potatoes: and storing seed potatoes harvested in all levels of the greenhouse breeding gardens, the spring potato field garden, the summer potato breeding garden and the autumn potato breeding garden in the late 10 th month into the potato cellar for seedling cultivation popularization and application in the next year.
Example II,
The rapid breeding method of the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out graded breeding on the detoxified sweet potato seedlings: arranging insect-proof nets around the greenhouse, wherein meshes of the insect-proof nets are more than 50 meshes; planting some Brazilian morning glory indicating plants every 7 meters in the periphery of each level of breeding nursery of a greenhouse, and spraying 1 time of insecticide every 15 days to prevent aphids and plant hoppers; dividing breeding gardens in a greenhouse, and arranging a grading board to divide a first-level breeding garden, a second-level breeding garden and a third-level breeding garden; introducing a small amount of test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings, planting the introduced test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings in a first-level breeding garden in the last ten days of March, topping and promoting branching after seedling return, cutting 22 cm when the test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in a second-level breeding garden; when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings bred in the second-level breeding nursery grow to 30 cm, the seedling piles cut in the first-level breeding nursery can sprout again, when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, the 22 cm-long sweet potato seedlings of the first-level breeding nursery and the second-level breeding nursery are cut off and planted in a third-level breeding nursery for continuous breeding, and the repeated breeding is repeated in the same way; carrying out high-shear multiple planting and rapid propagation on the refined virus-free sweet potato seedlings, namely cutting off 12 cm at the upper part for cuttage, leaving 2 sections at the base part without cutting, namely leaving high-foot seedlings, wherein the stubble height is not less than 3 cm; so that 2 new seedlings can germinate after several days; seedling stage management of the greenhouse: raising the bed temperature and reducing water evaporation in the stage from seedling emergence to seedling alignment; when the height of the seedling is 4 cm, topdressing and replenishing water for 1 time, and paying attention to the control of the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be 31 ℃ and the humidity is about 80%; ventilating and cooling in time at noon in fine days to prevent the greenhouse from being too high in temperature and burning seedlings; when the height of the seedlings is 17 cm, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, and the seedlings are hardened for 2-3 days, so that the seedlings can be cut; managing high-foot seedlings and planting seedlings of a mother bed: after the second and later detoxified sweet potato seedlings are cut, topdressing and watering are carried out according to the situation after each seedling cutting, 30-50 g of urea is topdressed per square meter, or mixed liquid of 0.5% of urea and 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled well; gradually increasing the seedling hardening force along with the growth of the sweet potato seedlings, stopping watering and uncovering the film to ventilate and harden the seedlings when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm; planting the first-stage breeding nursery, the second-stage breeding nursery and the third-stage breeding nursery with the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 20 cm, watering, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃, planting the detoxified sweet potato seedling after about 1 week, transplanting the shoot and rooting, and providing the stem of the shoot again as a mother plant after 3 weeks for planting, namely secondary planting; cutting the seedling for the second time, reserving 2 sections of base parts of each plant, and continuously germinating new seedlings;
step two, breeding the spring potato field garden: cutting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings which are subjected to grading breeding in the step one to be 25 cm long, and planting the seedlings in the field garden of pachyrhizus for breeding in late April;
step three, breeding the pachyrhizus hybrid breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the summer potato breeding garden; in the first ten days of June to the first ten days of July, cutting 25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from a spring potato field garden and 25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from breeding gardens at all levels in a greenhouse, and planting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in a summer potato breeding garden for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline;
step four, breeding the autumn potato breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the autumn potato breeding garden; in the middle ten days of July to the last ten days of August, cutting 25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from various levels of breeding gardens of the greenhouse, spring potato field gardens and summer potato gardens, and planting the seedlings into autumn potato breeding gardens for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline;
step five, storing the detoxified seed potatoes: and storing seed potatoes harvested in all levels of the greenhouse breeding gardens, the spring potato field garden, the summer potato breeding garden and the autumn potato breeding garden in the late 10 th month into the potato cellar for seedling cultivation popularization and application in the next year.
Example III,
The rapid breeding method of the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out graded breeding on the detoxified sweet potato seedlings: arranging insect-proof nets around the greenhouse, wherein meshes of the insect-proof nets are more than 50 meshes; planting some Brazilian morning glory indicating plants every 10 meters in the periphery of each level of breeding nursery of a greenhouse, and spraying 1 time of insecticide every 15 days to prevent aphids and plant hoppers; dividing breeding gardens in a greenhouse, and arranging a grading board to divide a first-level breeding garden, a second-level breeding garden and a third-level breeding garden; introducing a small amount of test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings, planting the introduced test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings in a first-level breeding garden in the last ten days of March, topping and promoting branching after seedling return, cutting 25 cm when the test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in a second-level breeding garden; when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings bred in the second-level breeding nursery grow to 30 cm, the seedling piles of the first-level breeding nursery after seedling shearing can sprout again, when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, the potato seedlings with the length of 25 cm in the first-level breeding nursery and the second-level breeding nursery are cut off and planted into a third-level breeding nursery for continuous breeding, and the repeated breeding is repeated by analogy; carrying out high-shear multiple planting and rapid propagation on the refined virus-free sweet potato seedlings, namely cutting off 15 cm at the upper part for cuttage, leaving 3 sections at the base part without cutting, namely leaving high-foot seedlings, wherein the stubble height is not less than 3 cm; 3 new seedlings germinate in days; seedling stage management of the greenhouse: raising the bed temperature and reducing water evaporation in the stage from seedling emergence to seedling alignment; when the height of the seedling is 4 cm, topdressing and replenishing water for 1 time, and paying attention to the control of the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be 35 ℃ and the humidity is about 80%; ventilating and cooling in time at noon in fine days to prevent the greenhouse from being too high in temperature and burning seedlings; when the height of the seedling is 20 cm, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, and the seedling is hardened for 3 days, and then the seedling can be cut; managing high-foot seedlings and planting seedlings of a mother bed: after the second and later batches of virus-free sweet potato seedlings are cut, additional fertilizer and irrigation are carried out according to the situation, 50 g of urea is applied to each square meter, or mixed solution of 0.5 percent of urea and 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are well controlled; gradually increasing the seedling hardening force along with the growth of the sweet potato seedlings, stopping watering and uncovering the film to ventilate and harden the seedlings when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm; planting the first-stage breeding nursery, the second-stage breeding nursery and the third-stage breeding nursery with the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 20 cm, watering, controlling the temperature at 30 ℃, planting the detoxified sweet potato seedling after about 1 week, transplanting the shoot and rooting, and providing the stem of the shoot again as a mother plant after 4 weeks for planting, namely secondary planting; cutting seedling for the second time, reserving 3 more sections of base parts of each plant, and continuously germinating new seedlings;
step two, breeding the spring potato field garden: cutting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings which are subjected to grading breeding in the step one to be 25 cm long, and planting the seedlings in the field garden of pachyrhizus for breeding in late April;
step three, breeding the pachyrhizus hybrid breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the summer potato breeding garden; in the first ten days of June to the first ten days of July, cutting 25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from a spring potato field garden and 25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from breeding gardens at all levels in a greenhouse, and planting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in a summer potato breeding garden for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline;
step four, breeding the autumn potato breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the autumn potato breeding garden; in the middle ten days of July to the last ten days of August, cutting 25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from various levels of breeding gardens of the greenhouse, spring potato field gardens and summer potato gardens, and planting the seedlings into autumn potato breeding gardens for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline;
step five, storing the detoxified seed potatoes: and storing seed potatoes harvested in all levels of the greenhouse breeding gardens, the spring potato field garden, the summer potato breeding garden and the autumn potato breeding garden in the late 10 th month into the potato cellar for seedling cultivation popularization and application in the next year.
Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly breeding detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, carrying out graded breeding on the detoxified sweet potato seedlings: dividing breeding gardens in a greenhouse, and arranging a grading board to divide a first-level breeding garden, a second-level breeding garden and a third-level breeding garden; introducing a small amount of test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings, planting the introduced test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings in a first-level breeding garden in the last ten days of March, topping and promoting branching after seedling return, cutting 20-25 cm when the test tube detoxified sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, and planting the sweet potato seedlings in a second-level breeding garden; when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings bred in the second-level breeding nursery grow to 30 cm, the seedling piles can sprout again after the seedlings are cut in the first-level breeding nursery, when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm, the potato seedlings with the length of 20-25 cm in the first-level breeding nursery and the second-level breeding nursery are cut off, the potato seedlings are planted in a third-level breeding nursery for continuous breeding, and the breeding is repeated in the same way; step two, breeding the spring potato field garden: cutting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings which are subjected to grading breeding in the step one to be 20-25 cm long, and planting the seedlings in the field garden of the pachyrhizus for breeding in the early ten days of April; step three, breeding the pachyrhizus hybrid breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the summer potato breeding garden; in the first ten days of June to the first ten days of July, cutting 20-25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from a spring potato field garden and cutting 20-25 cm-long virus-free sweet potato seedlings from breeding gardens at all levels in a greenhouse, and planting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in a summer potato breeding garden for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline; step four, breeding the autumn potato breeding garden: planting the Brazilian morning glory around the autumn potato breeding garden; in the middle ten days of July to the last ten days of August, cutting 20-25 cm long detoxified sweet potato seedlings from various levels of breeding gardens of a greenhouse, spring potato field gardens and summer potato gardens, and planting the cut detoxified sweet potato seedlings into a autumn potato breeding garden for breeding; when the morning glory blossoms, the morning glory is red to prove that the soil is acidic, and the morning glory is blue to prove that the soil is alkaline; step five, storing the detoxified seed potatoes: and storing seed potatoes harvested in all levels of the greenhouse breeding gardens, the spring potato field garden, the summer potato breeding garden and the autumn potato breeding garden in the late 10 th month into the potato cellar for seedling cultivation popularization and application in the next year.
2. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the land selected by the greenhouse, the spring potato field nursery, the summer potato breeding nursery and the autumn potato breeding nursery in the invention is pathogen-free soil, and the soil with no sweet potato planted for many years is preferably selected.
3. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, insect-proof nets are arranged around the greenhouse, and meshes of the insect-proof nets are more than 50 meshes.
4. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, some Brazilian morning glory indicating plants are planted every 5-10 meters around each level of breeding nursery of a greenhouse, and insecticide is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days to prevent aphids and plant hoppers; regularly observing whether virus symptoms exist or not plant by plant in the production process of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings, and removing diseased plants in time once the virus symptoms are found; if the indicator plants planted in the greenhouse show virus symptoms, the seed potatoes bred in the whole greenhouse are degraded for use.
5. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the Brazilian morning glory indicator plant is used for judging that the guarantee of virus symptoms of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings is that the new leaves of the Brazilian morning glory indicator plant are shrunken and yellow.
6. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, high-shear multi-time planting and rapid propagation are carried out, the refined virus-free sweet potato seedlings are subjected to high shear, namely, the upper parts of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are cut off by 10-15 cm for cuttage, 2-3 sections of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are left at the base parts of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings, namely, high-foot seedlings are left, and the stubble height is not lower than 3 cm; so that 2-3 new seedlings can germinate in several days.
7. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, seedling stage management of the greenhouse comprises the following steps: raising the bed temperature and reducing water evaporation in the stage from seedling emergence to seedling alignment; when the height of the seedling is 4 cm, topdressing and replenishing water for 1 time, and paying attention to control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be 28-35 ℃ and the humidity is about 80%; ventilating and cooling in time at noon in fine days to prevent the greenhouse from being too high in temperature and burning seedlings; when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, the seedlings are hardened for 2-3 days, and then the seedlings can be cut.
8. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, managing high-foot seedlings and planting seedlings of a mother bed: after the second and later detoxified sweet potato seedlings are cut, topdressing and watering are carried out according to the situation after each seedling cutting, 30-50 g of urea is topdressed per square meter, or mixed liquid of 0.5% of urea and 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled well; and gradually increasing the seedling hardening force along with the growth of the sweet potato seedlings, and stopping watering and uncovering the film to ventilate and harden the seedlings when the virus-free sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm.
9. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery are planted with the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 20 cm, water is poured, the temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, the cut branches of the virus-free sweet potato seedlings are planted after about 1 week and take roots, and the cut branches can be used as mother plants to provide cut branch stems for planting again after 3-4 weeks, namely secondary planting; and (5) cutting off each base of the seedlings for the second time, reserving 2-3 joints, and continuously germinating new seedlings.
10. The method for rapidly breeding the detoxified sweet potatoes in one seedling per mu of field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, an arched covering film can be arranged on the virus-free sweet potato seedbeds of the first-level breeding nursery, the second-level breeding nursery and the third-level breeding nursery.
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